• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.666-677
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• 1994

In comparison with the long and continuous his-tory of research in the general area of stress and coping, theoretical and clinical interest in family stress and adaptation is a recent phenomenon. To understand the phenomena of family behavior, a comprehensive theoretical framework is needed to us provide an adequate background to for research. This study was designed to develop and test a hypothetical model for family stress and adaptation in families with handicapped children. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of the family stress theory developed by McCubbin etc. The model included six paths. For the purpose of model testing, empirical data was collected from May to August, 1992. The subjects of the study were 190 parents of chidren in five special schools and one private institute in Seoul and Choong Nam. An SPSS P $C^{+}$ and PC-LISREL 7.13 computer programs were used for descriptive and covariance structure analysis. The results of the study are as follows. (1) Family Stress(${\gamma}$$_{3l}$=-.288, T=-4.942) had a direct effect on Family Adaptation. (2) Family Functioning ($\beta$$_{21}$=-.373, T=5.595) had a direct effect on Situational Definition. (3) Family Functioning ($\beta$$_{31}$ =.334, T=5.375) had a direct effect on Family Adaptation. (4) Situational Definition( a2=.270, T=4.285) had a direct effect on Family Adaptation The model was supported by the empirical data. Thus it is suggested that the model could be adequately applied to family nursing care of families with a mentally handicapped child. In particular, the nursing interventions that enhance family functioning and the situational definition would improve family adaptation in families with mentally handicapped children.n.n.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2015

Purpose: Accuracy and variability of movement in daily life require synchronization of muscular activities through a specific chronological order of motor performance, which is controlled by higher neural substrates and/or lower motor centers. We attempted to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary sensorimotor areas (SM1) could influence movement variability in healthy subjects, using a tapping task. Methods: Twenty six right-handed healthy subjects with no neurological or psychiatric disorders participated in this study. They were randomly and equally assigned to the real tDCS group or sham control group. Direct current with intensity of 1 mA was delivered over their right SM1 for 15 minutes. For estimation of movement variability before and after tDCS, tapping task was measured, and variability was calculated as standard deviation of the inter-tap interval (SD-ITI). Results: At the baseline test, there was no significant difference in SD-ITI between the two groups. In two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement no significant differences were found in a large main effect of group and interaction effect between two main factors (i.e., group factor and time factor (pre-post test)). However, significant findings were observed in a large main effect of the pre-post test. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the anodal tDCS over SM1 for 15 minutes with intensity of 1 mA could enhance consistency of motor execution in a repetitive-simple tapping task. We suggest that tDCS has potential as an adjuvant brain facilitator for improving rhythm and consistency of movement in healthy individuals.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between variables related to the Suicidal Ideation of Adolescences. A total of 923 Middle school students residing in Daegu City completed questionnaires which assessed family adaptability, family cohesion, self-esteem, bullying victimhood, depression and suicidal ideation. The sample variance-covariance matrix was analyzed using AMOS 20.0, and a maximum likelihood minimization function. Goodness of fit was evaluated using the SRMS, RMSEA, and its 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. The results were as follows : First, the variables of family adaptability and family cohesion did not have a statistically significant direct impact on adolescence's suicidal ideation, although they may well have an indirect effect on suicidal ideation through self-esteem, bullying victimhood and depression. Second, Self-esteem and bullying victimhood had significant direct effects on depression and suicidal ideation. Moreover, they also had an indirect effect on suicidal ideation through self-esteem. Third, depression had a substantial direct effect on suicidal ideation. Finally, self-esteem did not indicate a direct effect on bullying victimhood.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2020

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자에게 과제 지향적 훈련과 진동 자극을 결합한 중재에 경두개 직류 전류 자극을 융합했을 때 상지 기능의 회복에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 총 20명을 대상으로 총 4주간, 주 5회, 30분씩 실시했으며, 경 두개 직류 전류 자극을 융합한 과제 지향적 훈련과 진동자극의 결합 중재의 실험군과 과제 지향적 훈련과 진동자극의 결합 중재의 대조군으로 나누었다. 측정은 손의 기민성과 상지기능의 회복을 측정하였다. 실험군과 대조군은 손의 기민성과 잡기, 쥐기, 큰 동작 움직임에서 유의한 개선을 보였으며(p<.05), 실험군은 손의 기민성과 잡기, 쥐기 동작에서 대조군 보다 유의한 개선을 보였다(p<.05). 중재 전후 효과 크기는 모든 평가 항목에서 작은 효과이상을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 근거로 하여 임상 환경에서 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 재활 치료를 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.65-82
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• 2016

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of parent-adolescent communication (through adolescent optimism) on adolescent conflict-coping styles. Methods: A total of 337 high school students participated in this study. They completed questionnaires about communications with their parents and their own optimism and conflict-coping styles. Data were analyzed using t-tests, correlations, and SEM. Results: Neither father- nor mother-adolescent communication had direct effects on adolescent conflict-coping styles. However, mother-adolescent communication had an indirect effect on conflict-coping styles, mediated by adolescent optimism. Adolescents who had open communication with mothers displayed higher levels of optimism, which led to more positive conflict-coping styles. In addition, multigroup analyses revealed that there were significant gender differences in direct and indirect effects. For boys, mother-adolescent communication directly influenced adolescent conflict-coping styles; however, father-adolescent communication did not directly or indirectly affect adolescent conflict-coping styles. For girls, neither father- nor mother-adolescent communication had direct effects on conflict-coping styles; only optimism had a significant effect on conflict-coping styles. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that communication with mothers and fathers have different effects on adolescents' conflict-coping styles. These findings have implications for future research and practice by emphasizing the importance of parent-adolescent communication and optimism in designing conflict-coping programs for adolescents.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.963-968
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• 2010

This study has carried out to evaluate the performance of direct and indirect oxidation electrode for the purpose of decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water. Four kinds of electrodes were used for comparison: Pt and JP202 (indirect oxidation electrode), Pb and boron doping diamond (BDD, direct oxidation electrode). The effect of applied current (0.5 ~ 2.5 A), electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl, HCl, $Na_2SO_4$ and $H_2SO_4$) and electrolyte concentration (0.5 ~ 2.5 g/L), solution pH (3 ~ 11) and initial RhB concentration (25 ~ 125 mg/L) were evaluated. Experimental results showed that RhB removal efficiency were increased with increase of current, NaCl dosage and decrease of the pH. However, the effect of operating parameter on the RhB removal were different with the electrode type. JP202 electrode was the best electrode from the point of view of performance and energy consumption. The order of removed RhB concentration per energy lie in: JP202>Pt>Pb>BDD.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2020

Purpose: Research and development of human capital in countries bring sustainable development to the nations. Especially for developing countries, the attraction of foreign direct investment not only brings economic growth to the country but also contributes to improving human capital. This study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on human capital in ASEAN countries. Research design, data and methodology: With data collected from ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2019, panel data analysis is performed with revised model types (the Pooled OLS, Fixed effect model, Random effect model and regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors). Result: The results of the regression analysis show that FDI has a positive impact on human capital. At the same time, the study also found that public investment in education also positively affects human capital; the life expectancy factor does not affect human capital. Conclusions: With this research result, the authors also proposed a number of solutions to improve human capital by attracting FDI and improving the efficiency of investment for the education of ASEAN countries. Besides, public expenditure on education also plays an important role in raising human capital. Therefore, investment in education should be promoted further in the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.87-126
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• 2009

인터넷포털 산업에서 최종사용자시장으로부터 광고주시장으로 작용하는 간접 네트워크 외부성과 최종사용자시장 내의 직접 네트워크 외부성의 크기는 인터넷포털 기업 간 경쟁에 있어서 중요한 경쟁정책적 의미를 가진다. 본 연구는 국내 인터넷포털 산업에서 직 간접 네트워크 외부성의 실재와 크기, 인터넷포털 기업들의 시장력을 실증구조모형을 통해 분석하고 경쟁정책에의 시사점을 제시한다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 산업 내에 이러한 직 간접 네트워크 외부성이 실재하며, 이로 인해 최종사용자시장 점유율과 광고주시장의 시장력 사이에 '레버리지' 효과가 존재함을 보여준다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.866-870
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• 2006

The maintenance of physiological activity during dilution is very critical for the accurate enumeration of Vibrio spp. in marine samples. We investigated the effect of various diluents on the recovery of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using the direct plate counting and most probable number (MPN) methods. The effects of NaCl (0.85 and 3%) and pH (from 6.6 to 7.4) in diluents based on distilled water or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were evaluated with three V. parahaemolyticus strains. PBS-3% NaCl (pH 6.6), as opposed to PBS, was the most effective diluent at maintaining viable cell numbers up to 2 log CFU/g during dilution for direct plate counting using on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) selective agar, as well as minimizing the difference in cell numbers between TCBS and non-selective nutrient agar. It also increased counts of V parahaemolyticus inoculated into oysters relative to PBS (p<0.01), suggesting that PBS-3% NaCl (PH 6.6) can reduce the problem of underestimating V. parhaemolyticus counts using PBS alone.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.50-57
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• 2010

Various installation faults may lie in fasteners in the construction of a direct-fixation track by the top-down method. At an extreme, they may cause excessive interaction between the train and track, compromise the running safety of the train, and cause damage to the track components. Therefore, the faults need to be kept within the allowable level through an investigation of their effects on the interactions between the train and track. In this study, the vertical dynamic stiffness of fasteners in installation faults was measured based on the dynamic stiffness test by means of an experimental apparatus that was devised to feasibly reproduce gap faults. This study proposes an effective analytical model for a train-track interaction system in which most elements, except the nonlinear wheel-rail contact and some components that behave bi-linearly, exhibit linear behavior. To investigate the effect of the behavior of fasteners in gap faults in a direct-fixation track on the vehicle and track, vehicle-track interaction analyses were carried out, targeting key review parameters such as the wheel load reduction factor, vertical rail displacement, rail bending stress, and mean stress of the elastomer. From the results, it was noted that the gap faults in the concrete bearing surface of a direct-fixation track need to be limited for the sake of the long-term durability of the elastomer than for the running safety of the train or the structural safety of the track.