• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of perceived marriage conflict, mother's parenting and child's behavior problems on the child abuse. The sample consisted of 428 filth and sixth grade children. Statistical methods used for data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. Several major results found from the analysis were as follows. First, the more the child perceived the parent's marriage conflict, the mother's parenting was controlling and the child's behavior was externalized, the more the child was subjected to the physical and verbal abuses. The mother's controlling parenting behavior had a first direct influence on the physical abuse, and the marriage conflict on the verbal abuse. Second, the marriage conflict had direct and indirect positive effects on the physical and verbal abuses through the mother's affective and controlling parenting and the child's externalizing behavior problems. Third, the mother's controlling parenting had direct and indirect positive effects on the physical and verbal abuses through the child's externalizing behavior problems and. And mother's affective parenting had a direct negative effect on the physical and verbal abuses. Fourth, child's externalizing behavior problems had a direct positive effect on the physical and verbal abuse. Fifth, child's sex had an indirect effect on the physical and verbal abuses through mother's affective and controlling parenting. That is, boys were more exposed to the physical and verbal abuses, because mothers more controlled and less affected boys than girls.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

Purpose - This present aims to analyze the effect of export modes on initial export amount and time to export by selecting export modes among various success strategies and factors. Research design, data, and methodology - It surveyed 980 small and mid-sized venture enterprises across Korea. The export modes and its impact on exports through frequency analysis and cross analysis, and validated through a PPML(regression analysis applied the enterprise growth model) analysis. Results - Five export modes were investigated : direct export, indirect export, transfer from direct export to indirect export, transfer from direct export to indirect export, and parallel export to indirect export. It was found that SMVEs that exported directly from establishment to initial export had the shortest period, and also had the highest export price Conclusions - From a marketing point of view, it took an average of 1.6 years to switch from export directly to indirect export or directly export, and the reason for the export modes conversion was to supplement export specialists and improve export competitiveness. And the export amount and time period that SMVEs establishes and export is a significant factor in export success strategy and there has been few prior study in export modes.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2018

This study analyzes characteristics related to Kineticism found in different kinds of displays and arts in order to contemplate modern window displays. The standard of analysis is based on kinetic arts pioneer George Rickey's six display factors. Projection features and movements were categorized into "Direct movements," "Indirect movements," and "Relative movements." Results were obtained through analysis of different examples of each category. First, the most observed form of Kineticism was direct movements on the window display. Along with the development of science and techniques, a variety of divergent motional methods has arisen. After that followed indirect movement, which uses visual media and lights for presentation. The third was relative movements, which provides communication in practical experience; users' motion is used to provide modification in vision. Fourth, we observed that direct movements and indirect movements can express fluidity depending on materials, inducing a sense of tension within the window display through visual stimuli together with dynamism from mechanical exposure. Fifth, when direct movements pair with relative movements, it triggers customer participation; though it does not deliberately induce participation, the effects are beyond expectation. Sixth, if indirect movements meet relative movements, the motion of lights offers a major stimulation to the customers along with various expressions, thus achieving an interactive domain.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study intends to study the theoretical interconnection between human response capability and customer relationship management advantage while considering the essential role of service application of information technology as direct, indirect (mediating), and interactive (moderating) influences in the theory. Based on the study sample, the new findings help comprehend the overall interconnected relationship which includes the direct and indirect (mediating) effects of information technology service capability and human response capability as well as their interaction (moderation) on customer relationship management advantage. The new insights interprets the two capabilities (human and information technology) are vital to business because they are the foundation set of service resources significantly to enhance customer relationship management advantage.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2011

경로분석은 변수 사이의 관계를 규명하는 방법으로 회귀분석에서 파악하기 어려운 직접효과와 간접효과, 의사효과를 파악할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 골프경기에서 가장 중요한 경기력 요소를 이용하여 평균타수에 어떻게 직접, 간접적으로 영향을 미치는가를 경로분석을 통하여 연구하였으며 자료는 2010년 남자프로골프선수 상위권 186명을 이용하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.883-887
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• 2000

One way of evaluating the effectiveness of a dairy breeding program is to measure response to selection. This may be direct or indirect. The objectives of this study were to estimate expected progress for direct selection on milk, fat and protein yields; to estimate the expected correlated responses on indirect selection for milk, fat and protein yields in Zimbabwean Holstein cattle and to establish the effect of selection intensity on responses. The Animal Model contained fixed effects of herd, year of calving, calving month, dry period, milking frequency and additive effects pertaining to cows, sires and dams. AIREML software package was used to analyse the data. The genetic and phenotypic parameters obtained in this study were used to compute direct and correlated responses to selection. Because of the higher heritabilities in first parity, genetic progress was found to be greater when selection was practised on first parity cows as compared to later lactations. It is therefore recommended that older cows in the herd be replaced with improved heifers so as to enhance genetic progress.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the effects of nurse staffing levels on patient outcomes in long-term care hospitals in South Korea using path analysis. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of national data, which included the 2021 hospital assessment results of long-term care hospitals from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Data collection was performed between June 19 and June 27, 2023. The study sample consisted of 1,215 hospitals, and we analyzed the data using SAS 9.4 and Mplus 8 software. Results: The average numbers of patients per registered nurse, certified nursing assistant, and nursing staff, including both registered nurses and certified nursing assistant, was 10.00, 7.43, and 4.00, respectively. Path analysis revealed that the number of patients per registered nurse had direct effects on improvements in activities of daily living and indirect effects on indwelling catheterization, pressure ulcer improvement, and weight loss. The number of patients per certified nursing assistant had direct effects on new pressure ulcer development and pressure ulcer improvement, with no indirect effects. The number of patients per nursing staff had direct effects on pressure ulcer improvement and no indirect effects on other patient outcomes. Conclusion: The findings suggest that establishing policies to evaluate staffing levels of registered nurse and certified nursing assistants separately is necessary in order to improve registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes in long-term care hospitals.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

This study considers structural equation model and examines the-relationships between various model variables to identify the causal relationships of between the attention span temperament, affectionate rearing attitudes of mothers, and family support (individual external variables) to children's behavioral problems though self-reliance, psychological variable. According to the results, the attention span temperament had significant direct, indirect, and total effects on the externalization of behavioral problems, but affectionate rearing attitudes and family support had only significant indirect effects. Self-resilience had a significant direct effect. These results can be used as basic data to prevent behavioral problems of children and increase their self-resilience.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2017

In the defense acquisition, a company's goal is to maximize profits, and the government's goal is to allocate budgets efficiently. Each year, the government estimates the ratio of indirect cost sector to defense companies, and estimates the ratio to be applied when calculating cost of the defense articles next year. The defense industry environment is changing rapidly, due to the increasing trend of defense acquisition budgets, the advancement of weapon systems, the effects of the 4th industrial revolution, and so on. As a result, the cost structure of defense companies is being diversifying. The purpose of this study is to find an alternative that can enhance the rationality of the current methodology for estimating the ratio of indirect cost sector of defense companies. To do this, we conducted data analysis using the R language on the cost data of defense companies over the past six years in the Defense Integrated Cost System. First, cluster analysis was conducted on the cost characteristics of defense companies. Then, we conducted a regression analysis of the relationship between direct and indirect costs for each cluster to see how much it reflects the cost structure of defense companies in direct labor cost-based indirect cost rate estimates. Lastly a new ratio prediction model based on regularized regression analysis was developed, applied to each cluster, and analyzed to compare performance with existing prediction models. According to the results of the study, it is necessary to estimate the indirect cost ratio based on the cost character group of defense companies, and the direct labor cost based indirect cost ratio estimation partially reflects the cost structure of defense companies. In addition, the current indirect cost ratio prediction method has a larger error than the new model.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative effect and antimutagenic capacity of ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes by employing biological and biochemical assays. The $IC_{50}$ of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, lipid peroxidation and scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes was found to be 28.39 mg/assay, 9.33 mg/assay and 144.61 mg/assay respectively. Therefore, the most effective antioxidative capacity of ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes was $Fe^+$-induced linoleate peroxidation, among the method used this study. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of the ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes were examined by the Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine and on direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella typimurium TA100 and mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 were 0%, respectively. These findings indicate that ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes have no effects on indirect and direct mutagenicity. Based on these results, it believed that the ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes has antioxidative capacities, and is a the candidate for the prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and the development of antioxidative functional food.