• Title/Summary/Keyword: Direct Landfill Prohibition

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Estimation of Landfill Unit Cost Considering Prohibition of Direct Landfill and Greenhouse Gas Emission Right (폐기물 직매립 금지 및 온실가스 배출권을 고려한 매립단가 산정)

  • Si-Yong Chung;Seung-Kyu Chun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.1153-1166
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    • 2024
  • The calculation of the waste landfill unit price at the S landfill located in I city was analyzed in two cases: Method A by statistical techniques and Method B by reflecting policy variables such as the prohibition of direct landfilling of household waste and the right to emit greenhouse gases. As a result, in the case of method B, the landfill unit price increased by 34.1% to 57.6% depending on the type of waste compared to method A. By landfill unit price composition, landfill work cost, operation and management cost, greenhouse gas emission rights transaction cost, and resident support fund increased by 61.0%, 68.3%, 63.5%, and 34.1% to 57.6%, respectively. Therefore, considering the characteristics of the landfill, which requires more than 30 years of mid- to long-term operation and management even after the end of the landfill, policy variables should be identified periodically for stable landfill operation and management. In addition, periodic activities to calculate the landfill unit cost are considered necessary, such as predicting the amount of landfill waste and deriving additional future cost factors such as greenhouse gas emission rights.

Effect of Food Waste Direct Landfilling Prohibition on Characteristics of Landfill Gas and Leachate (음식물류폐기물 직매립금지가 매립지 가스 및 침출수 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Ko, Jae-Young;Phae, Chae-Gun;Park, Joon-Seok
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.612-617
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    • 2007
  • This research was performed to evaluate the effect of 'Food Wastes (FW) Direct Landfilling Prohibition' on characteristics of landfill gas (LFG) and leachate and the appropriateness of current legislation. Approximately 45% (Exp.45) and 15% (Exp.15) of FW were filled in two lysimeters. During 570 days, 1400 L of LFG was generated from Exp.45%, which was much more than 906 L of Exp.15. There was no significant difference of LFG composition between Exp.15 and Exp.45. 2~30 ppmv of odorous hydrogen sulfide was detected in Exp.45, while 2~7 ppmv was in Exp.15. There was also no significant difference in the leachate generation between the two. On day 570, $BOD_5$ of Exp.45 and Exp.15 were 37000 mg/Land 25630 mg/L and $COD_{Cr}$ of Exp.45 and Exp.15 were 45480 mg/L, 30294 mg/L. TOC of Exp.45 was 2~3 times higher than Exp.15. Higher portion of FW in landfilling increased LFG generation. However, it generated more odor and made the quality of leachate. Therefore, 'FW direct Landfilling Prohibition' was evaluated as an appropriate legislation.

Characteristics of Municipal Solid Wastes and Heating Value in Tourist Season of the eastern side of Gangwondo (강원 영동지역의 관광철 폐기물 및 발열량 특성)

  • Lee Hae-Seung;Choi Yong-Bum
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.21 no.1 s.59
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    • pp.66-75
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    • 2006
  • When we looked at the seasonal food dregs of the eastern side of gangwondo, gangneung city's summer and winter food dregs showed 25.9 and 25.8% respectively due to the presence of beach areas and ski resorts. Sokcho city showed 28.12% in summer and yangyang gun's summer food dregs showed 40.2%. Yangyang gun's august food dregs showed 2.7 times larger than annual average amount. Outlook density showed regional characteristics. Data showed that food dregs' amount rate has been reduced gradually from 2005 because of the prohibition of direct filling up. As a result of compositions analysis, the eastern side of gangwondo's water fraction of living dregs were lower than that of chuncheon city where is located at the gangwondo's inland area. chuncheon city's data showed residential areas 53.5%, community areas 56.8% and commercial areas 55.6%. These discrepancies caused by the characteristics of dregs discharge type and climate. The caloric value of dregs has been increased incrementally after the ban of food dregs' direct filling up. Therefore, heating value of the dregs exceeds the existing furnace design spec and it can cause high caloric value problems, so we need additional research to solve these problems.

Research on Reduction and Recycling of Food Waste by Separating Raw Food Waste and Earth Worm Composting in the Apartment (공동주택의 음식물 생쓰레기 분리배출과 지렁이퇴비화를 이용한 음식물쓰레기 감량 및 자원화 모델 연구)

  • Choi, Kwang-Soo
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 2011
  • In this research, food waste source reduction model for apartment was investigated. In spite of prohibition of direct landfill of food waste and continuous efforts made by government and local government, food waste production increases steadily. Recycling ratio of the food waste increases every year, but its products have many problems like low quality, stability, salt, odor etc. Household occupies 63.3% of whole food waste production and this is subject to be a key factor to control food waste. We surveyed S apartment in Kwangju city as a model case, in which administrative office and women's association adopted clean plate eating, separation of raw food waste and earth worm composting as a series of method for source reduction and recycling inside the apartment. With the help of residents' participation and practice, food waste production decreased 15.6% from 0.31 g/capita/day in 2007 to 0.26 g/capita/day in 2009 (domestic average 0.30 g/capita/day). Separation of raw food waste and its composting using earth worm were very effective, and were subject to resolve the problems of present food waste treatment technologies. And earth worm composting was very useful in environmental, economical, societal and educational aspects. Instead of economical incentive, educational programs about food value, environmental problem and critical method for food waste separation were more effective for promotion of source reduction. From the analyses on the process and success factors in this model, we could conclude that leader's role was one of the key factors for the settlement of source reduction, and that was to understand the seriousness of the food waste and to seek solution, to test techniques, and to practice by oneself. Furthermore, networking and collaboration among residents, local government, NGO and local press promoted residents' participation, and it was through various education and investigation. Finally, source reduction and self recycling model of food waste in the apartment, that applies separating raw food waste and earth worm composting based on the collaboration among residents, local government, NGO, and local press, should be disseminated, and environmental policy also should be changed to make it possible.

Investigation of Characteristics of Incinerator Bottom Ash and Assessment for Recycle due to the Change of MSW Composition (생활폐기물 성상변화에 따른 소각시설 바닥재의 특성 변화와 시멘트 클링커 원료로 재활용 가능성 평가)

  • Lee, Woo Chan;Shin, Deuk Chol;Dong, Jong In
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.103-106
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    • 2014
  • Recycling of bottom ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator has been strictly limited due to its composition of high level chlorine and other unfavorable substances. The composition of MSW has been, however, changed after the introduction of garbage-bag sales system, extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy and the prohibition of direct landfill of food waste. Recent waste shows reduced moisture and chlorine content, increased calorific value due to the separation of food waste, incombustible materials and PVC. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of composition changes of MSW incinerator bottom ash and to compare the analytical results with those before the separation system was introduced. CaO content of bottom ash, one of the major component of cement clinker, increased from 26.7% in 2001 to 34.0% in 2006. The chlorine content showed a dramatic decrease from 1.84% in 2001 to 0.00655% in 2006, which is closely compatible with that of the fly ash of coal-utilizing thermal power plants, which is mainly due to the changes of MSW composition. It is eventually considered that there is a possibility of utilizing the incinerator bottom ash as a raw material of cement clinker feed substances.

Effect of Continuous Treatment of Mixed Organic Fertilizer With Food Waste on the Growth of Lettuce

  • Yosep Kang;Ho-Jun Gam;Eun-Jung Park;Seong-Heon Kim;Sang-Mo Kang;In-Jung Lee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.111-111
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    • 2022
  • According to data from the Ministry of Environment, food waste accounted for 27% of the nation5 s household waste in 2020, and 4.67 million tons of food waste is being discharged per year. According to the Food Waste Direct Landfill Prohibition Act, food waste must be incinerated, composted, fodder, and decomposed before landfilling. The cost of incineration and landfilling of food waste is considerable. Therefore, through the process of turning food waste into fertilizer, we are going to investigate the limit of crop application and the change in the growth of crops during continuous use of food waste fertilizer. This study investigated the growth of lettuce such as shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight after treating lettuce with food waste dry powder mixed fertilizer. The experiment was carried out continuously in 2021 (1st year) and 2022 (2nd year), and the treatment groups were set to No Treatment (NT), Chemical Fertilizer (CF), Mixed Fertilizer (MF×1), and Mixed Fertilizer×2 (MF×2), was repeated 3 times. As a result of the 1st year growth survey, there was no significant difference between NT and CF in the case of shoot length, but MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. Root length was not significantly different in all treatment groups. As for the leaf number, there was no significant difference between NT and MF×1, but CF and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. In fresh weight, MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT, and in the case of dry weight, there was no significant difference between NT, MF×1, and MF×2. As a result of the 2nd year growth survey, there was a significant difference in CF and MF×2 in leaf number, but there was no significant difference in all treatment groups with respect to shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Through continuous additional research, it is necessary to confirm the change in soil composition and the growth of crops due to food waste fertilizer treatment.

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A study on the introduction of organic waste-to-energy incentive system(I): Precise monitoring of biogasification (유기성폐자원에너지 인센티브제도 도입방안 연구(I): 바이오가스화 정밀모니터링)

  • Kwon, Jun-Hwa;Moon, Hee-Sung;Lee, Won-Seok;Lee, Dong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.67-76
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    • 2021
  • Biogasification is a technology that produces environmentally friendly fuel using methane gas generated in the process of stably decomposing and processing organic waste. Biogasification is the most used method for energy conversion of organic waste with high moisture content, and is a useful method for organic waste treatment following the prohibition of direct landfill (2005) and marine dumping (2013). Due to African Swine Fever (ASF), which recently occurred in Korea, recycling of wet feed is prohibited, and consumers such as dry feed and compost are negatively recognized, making it difficult to treat food waste. Accordingly, biogasification is attracting more attention for the treatment and recycling of food waste. Korea's energy consumption amounted to 268.41 106toe, ranking 9th in the world. However, it is an energy-poor country that depends on foreign imports for about 95.8% of its energy supply. Therefore, in Korea, the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) is being introduced. The domestic RPS system sets the weight of the new and renewable energy certificate (REC, Renewable energy certificate) of waste energy lower than that of other renewable energy. Therefore, an additional incentive system is required for the activation of waste-to-energy. In this study, the operation of an anaerobic digester that treats food waste, food waste Leachate and various organic wastes was confirmed. It was intended to be used as basic data for preparing the waste-to-energy incentive system through precise monitoring for a certain period of time. Four sites that produce biogas from organic waste and use them for power generation and heavy gas were selected as target facilities, and field surveys and sampling were conducted. Basic properties analysis was performed on the influent sample of organic waste and the effluent sample according to the treatment process. As a result of the analysis of the properties, the total solids of the digester influent was an average of 12.11%, and the volatile solids of the total solids were confirmed to be 85.86%. BOD and CODcr removal rates were 60.8% and 64.8%. The volatile fatty acids in the influent averaged 55,716 mg/L. It can be confirmed that most of the volatile fatty acids were decomposed and removed with an average reduction rate of 92.3% after anaerobic digestion.