• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the comparison of immunomodualtory effects of water-extracted Ginseng Radix(GR), Pilose Asia-bell(PA), Astragali Radix(AR), Astractylodes Rhizoma alba(AA) and Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR). The parameter examined to assess apparent immunomodulatory effect of the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR included the regulation of Nitric oxide (NO), the expression of Th1/Th2 type cytokine, the change of B cell phenotype. The water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In the Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR induced IL-2 and IFNr mRNA gene expression. Therefore, it seems that the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR have a inducing effect of Th1 type cytokines. In the Flow cytometry analysis, the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR did not change B cell phenotype (CD45R/B220). The water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR have a reducing effect of immune suppression cause by Methotrexate (MTX), an agent of immune suppression. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR may be, in part, associated with the inducing IL-2 and IFNr mRNA gene expression in and regulation of NO production in macrophage cells.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

Objectives & Method：We investigated adverse symptoms, toxicity, treatment and prevention against adverse effects of restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥) in order to use herbal medicines accurately. Result：Ginseng Radix(人參), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨參), Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(西洋參), Astragali Radix(黃芪), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba(白朮), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Dolichoris Semen(白扁豆), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Jujubae Fructus(大棗) and Mel(蜂蜜) may give rise to some side effects, allergic reaction or toxic symptoms in restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥). The representative methods of poisoning treatment in western medicines are stopping medication, washing out the stomach, promotion of vomiting, causing diarrhea, supplies of grape sugar and symptomatic treatment, etc. The representative methods of poisoning treatment in oriental medicine take advantage of various herbs. And Oriental medical doctor should meet symptoms as patients call for attention. In order to prevent against poisoning of restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥), the patients should keep usage, dosage and notes. Conclusion：We should pay attention to clinical using of Ginseng Radix(人參), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨參), Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(西洋參), Astragali Radix(黃芪), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba(白朮), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥), Dolichoris Semen(白扁豆), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Jujubae Fructus(大棗) and Mel(蜂蜜) in restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1365-1380
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• 2007

Based on the theories and clinical data of oriental medicine, traditional medicinal prescriptions known to be effective to diabetic nephropathy were collected. The prescriptions were carefully examined and analyzed in order to be used as fundamental material for experiments and in clinicals. More than 40 publications related to diabetes were arranged and analyzed. Of the complications, diabetic nephropathy part of the publications were specifically focused during analysis. Data were analyzed and classified according to the quantity, prescription, differentiation of symptoms, signs and addition and subtraction of each medicine. Frequently used medicines were statistically analyzed. The most frequently used prescription was Yukmigihwang-tang(六味地黃湯) based medicine and prescriptions of its addition and subtraction, which was 15% of the total prescriptions cited. The most frequently used medicine was Astragali Radix, mentioned 192 times in the prescriptions. Hoelen was next with 180 citations, followed by Dioscoreae Rhizoma with 147 times, Rehmanniae Radix with 140, Corni Fructus with 131, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix with 106, Angelicae Gigantis Radix with 101, Alismatis Rhizoma with 95, Rhei Rhizoma with 90, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba with 84, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata with 78, Leonuri Herba with 74, Moutan Cortex Radicis with 66, Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix with 66 Cnidii Rhizoma with 65, Pseudostellaria heterophylla with 62, Liriopis Tuber with 55, Lycii Fructus with 52, Rhei Rhizoma with 49, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix with 44, Paeoniae Radix Rubra with 44, Schisandrae Fructus with 42, Polyporus with 42, Achyranthis Radix with 41 and Euryales Semen with 40. Medicines prescribed more than 30 grams a day included Astragali Radix, Imperatae Rhizoma, Benincasae Pericarpium, Leonuri Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Plantaginis Semen, Polyporus, Hoelen, Halloysitum Rubrum, Achyranthis Radix, Arecae Pericarpium, Phaseoli Angularis Semen, Coicis Semen, Rhei Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Epimedii Herba, Rehmanniae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma. No scientific reports on the traditional medicinal aspects of diabetic nephropathy was searched. This analysis report would be able to provide the basis of developing new drug candidates for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, as well as securing the EBM for the traditional medicines already being prescribed to the patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1419-1426
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• 2003

The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Kyungbuk area. And we compared with heavy metal concentration of herbal medicines in products of Kyungbuk and the other area of Korea. Also, we collected soils from several area in Kyungbuk, and determined heavy metal concentration of soils by ICP. We compared with herbal medicines in products of Kyungbuk and their soils. The results were as follow : Kyungbuk area appear to be more proper to cultivated land than other area. For the heavy metals contents of Kyungbuk area, in Gong Jung Ri, represented the higher level, it may be due to a near the road. Correlation coefficients of heavy metal contents in cultured herbal medicines and their soils did not give reproducible results.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.54-72
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this review is to investigate studies on Estrogen-like activity and to contribute to the utilization of herbal medicines including phytoestrogens. Methods: Electric searches were performed with Pubmed from 2013 to June 2018, for the words, 'herb and estrogen', 'traditional Chinese medicine and estrogen', 'Oriental medicine and estrogen', and 'Korean medicine and estrogen'. 49 papers are investigated and classified into 'in vitro', 'in vivo' and 'in vivo and in vitro' experimental studies. Results: 1. In vitro experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rubi Fructus, Sparganii Rhizoma, Epimedii Herba, Spatholobi Caulis, Evodiae fructus, Curcumae longae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Puerariae Radix, Scutellariae Radix are present. 2. In vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Phytolaccae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix, Puerariae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, Cistanchis Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Granati fructus, Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus, Epimedii Herba, Polygalae Radix, Artemisiae Annuae Herba are present. 3. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Cirsii Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cynomorii Herba, Cinnamomi cortex, Drynariae Rhizoma, Psoraleae Semen, Schisandrae Fructus, Epimedii Herba, Astragali Radix are present. Conclusions: Future studies will require additional research on numerous herbal medicines used in clinical practice.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1123-1129
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• 2004

The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area. And we collected soils from several area in Gyeongbuk, and determined heavy metal concentration of soils by ICP. We compared with herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and their soils. For the heavy metals contents of Gyeongbuk area, in Gong Jung Ri, represented the higher level, it may be due to a near the road. The Cd contents in soil was not a wide difference. For the As and Pb contents in soil, Song Sa Ri (Bupleuri Radix) represented the higher level (0.68mg/kg, 1523rng/kg). Heavy metal contents in cultured herbal medicines and their soils did not give reproducible results. But the degree of correlation between a few heavy metal contents of Dioscoreae Rhizoma and their soil showed the good transfer from the soil.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2007

In this dissertation, I will focus on the channel entry, the effect and the treatment throughout books of oriental medicine from ancient to modern in order to classify the medicines of the Spleen as main or supplementary organ. The results are as follows: 1. The medicines which work on the Spleen(本臟) chiefly were 38, which were Gingseng Radix(人蔘), Astragali Radix, Hoelen, Atractylodis Rhizoma alba(白朮), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Atractyodis Rhizoma(蒼朮), Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium(陳皮), Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), Nelumbinis Semen(蓮肉), Semen Euryacles, Crataegi Fructus, Dolichoris Semen(扁豆), Hordei Fructus Germinatus(麥芽), Dioscoreae Radix(山藥), Paeoniae Radix(白芍藥), Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑), Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Cimicifugae Rhizoma(升麻), Aurantii Fructus(枳殼), Tiglii Semen(巴豆), Scirpi Rhizoma(三稜), Paeoniae Radix rubra(赤芍藥), Amydae Carapax(鱉甲), (Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連), Dioscoreae Radix(萎藥), Amomi Semen(砂仁), Zingiberis Rhizoma(生薑), Saussureae Radix(木香), Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus(肉桂), Myristicae Semen, Alpiniae Fructus(益智仁), Evodiae Fructus(吳萸), Caryophylli Flos(丁香), Agastachis Herba(藿香), Fructus Piperis Nigri Seu Albi(胡椒), Acontii Tuber(附子), Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma(良薑), Fructus Galangae. 2. The medicines which work on the other viscera(他臟) chiefly were 12, which were Talcum(滑石), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Semen Lepidii Seu Descurainiae, Mori Cotex Radicis(桑白皮), Aurantii lmmaturi Pericarpium(靑皮), Gardeniae Fructus(梔子), Forsythiae Frucus(連翹), Antelopis cornu(羚羊角), Alimatis Rhizoma(澤瀉), Epimedii Herba(仙靈脾), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子), Rhizome Chuanxiong(川芎). 3. medicines, effected on the Spleen functioned through any other viscera were as follows: Talcum(滑石) works to treat renal heat Entering the Spleen(腎熱入脾) Bupleuri Radix(柴胡) works to treat Hepatic Asthenia Entering the Spleen(肝虛入脾) Semen Lepidii Seu Descurainiae and Mori Cotex Radicis(桑白皮) works to treat Pulmonary gi Entering the Spleen(肺氣入脾) Aurantii lmmaturi Pericarpium(靑皮) works to treat Hepatic gi Entering the Spleen(肝氣入脾) Gardeniae Fructus(梔子) and Forsythiae Frucus(連翹) works to treat Cardiac Heat Entering the Spleen(心熱入脾) Antelopis cornu(羚羊角) works to treat Hepatic wind Entering the Spleen(肝風人脾) Alimatis Rhizoma(澤瀉) works to treat Hepatic heat Entering the Spleen(肝熱入脾) Epimedii Herba(仙靈脾) works to treat Renal asthenia Entering the Spleen(腎虛入脾) Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子) 와 Rhizome Chuanxiong(川芎) works to treat Hepatic gi Entering the Spleen(肝氣入脾) In the study of concerning the medicines effected on the spleen, It is considered that it dedicated to development of the medicines related to the spleen and making efficient use of the medicines.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate sulfur dioxide in herb drugs.(Puerariae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Platycodi Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Nelumbo Seed, Paeoniae Radix, Remotiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Polygonatum Rhizome) Experimental subjects included 105 cases of 10 species of herb drugs collected in Kyung-dong market from December in 2001 to February in 2002. Sulfur dioxide was determined by Optimized Monier-Wiliams method. In 65 cases(61.9%) of the 105 cases, we detected $SO_2$ over 10mg/kg. (omitted)

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2001

In the result of investigating the drugs for replenishing Qi in many herbal books, we could get consistent relation in their immunopharmacologic effects as follows: 1. The effects of drugs for replenishing Qi was shown in the Shen Nong's Herbal, but its classification was natural such as trees and plants, insects and beasts, fruits, vegetables, and we think that trial about classification of drugs for replenishing Qi was accomplished in the ben-cao-jiu-zhen(本草求眞). 2. Main drugs for replenishing Qi was Gingseng Radix, Codonopsis pilosulae Radix, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix. 3. Drugs for replenishing Qi commonly contain polysaccharides as much, and it was thought that they have also immunopharmacolologic effects by means of activating T and B cells, secreting cytokines, making lymphocytes, activating NK cells, increasing abilities of voracity and generating antibodies. 4. Drugs for replenishing Qi mainly replenish lung-Qi and Wei-Qi so that they have also effects of activating T and B cells, secreting cytokines, making lymphocytes, activating NK cells, increasing abilities of voracity and generating antibodies. 5. Drugs for replenishing Qi modulate content of cAMP and inhibit Na(+)-K(+) ATPase, so that they have effects of treating indistinctive pulse from Qi deficiency by means of inhibition delivery of chemical substances, activating lymphocytes. promoting contraction of myocardium.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Objectives To research oriental medical treatments for diabetic nephropathy by literature study Methods We reviewed oriental medical book concerning the diabetic nephropathy. Results & Conclusions 1. The diabetic nephropathy has relation to edema, dizziness, exhaustion of strenght, obstruction and rejection among the transformations of emaciation and thirst. 2. The causes of diabetic nephropathy are dry heat caused congenital defect, mental depression and greasy diet damages liquid nutrients and thereafter Gi and Yang deficiency produces blood stagnation, dampness and phlegm-turbidity. 3. The medical treatments are invigorating Gi, promoting blood flow to remove blood stasis and removing dampness through diuresis. The frequently used herb are Radix Astragali, Poria, Fructus Corni, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, etc. and Dansam is meanigfull of all herbs for invigorating blood and dispelling blood stagnation.