• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.207-221
• /
• 2023

In this investigation, the interaction between opening space and neighboring joint has been examined by experimental test and Particle flow code in two dimension (PFC2D) simulation. Since, firs of all PFC was calibrated using Brazilian experimental test and uniaxial compression test. Secondly, diverse configurations of opening and neighboring joint were provided and tested by uniaxial test. 12 rectangular sample with dimension of 10 cm*10 cm was prepared from gypsum mixture. One quarter of tunnel and one and or two joint were drilled into the sample. Tunnel diameter was 5.5 cm. The angularities of joint in physical test were 0°, 45° and 90°. The angularities of joint in numerical simulation were 0°, 30°, 60°, -30°, -45°, -60° and its length were 2cm and 4cm. Loading rate was 0.016 m/s. Tensile strength of material was 4.5 MPa. Results shows that dominant type of crack which took place in the model was tensile cracks and or several shear bands develop within the model. The Final stress is minimum in the cases where oriented angle is negative. The failure stress decrease by decreasing the joint angle from 30° to 60°. In addition, the failure stress decrease by incrementing the joint angle from -30° to -60°. The failure stress was incremented by decreasing the number of notches. The failure stress was incremented by decreasing the joint length. The failure stress was incremented by decreasing the number of notches. Comparing experimental results and numerical one, showed that the failure stress is approximately identical in both conditions.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.1297-1309
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• 과학기술학연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.51-68
• /
• 2001

사회적 차원에서의 '과학문화'는 심리적 차원에서의 '과학교양, 과학적 소양'의 개념과 반드시 상관성을 지닌다. 성숙된 과학문화를 발전시키기 위해서는 우선, '과학문화의 평가가능성'에 대한 신념과 더불어 '평가기준의 모색'이 전제되어야 한다. 본 논문은 이러한 두 가지 전제에 바탕을 두고, OECD 주관 하에 시행중인 PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment)가 채택한 '과학적 소양'의 개념이 어떠한 과학철학적-인지과학적 배경 위에 서 있는지를 분석한다. 그리고 실제로 활용된 예제 문항들을 검토해보고, 결론적으로 PISA의 '과학적 소양' 개념은 <논리경험주의, 자연주의 과학철학, 사회적 구성주의>의 세 가지 입장이 함께 상보적으로 반영되었음을 주장한다. 마지막으로 최근의 과학철학적-인지과학적 연구에 입각해, 과학문화의 증진을 위해 보다 적극적인 과학적 소양 개념이 필요하며, 장차 그러한 과학적 소양 개념에 반영되어야 할 점 몇 가지를 제안한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.761-773
• /
• 2021

This study presents a 3D non-linear finite element (FE) assessment of dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI). The numerical investigation has been performed on the time domain through a Finite Element (FE) system, while considering the nonlinear behavior of soil and the multi-directional nature of genuine seismic events. Later, the FE outcomes are analyzed to the recorded in-situ free-field and structural movements, emphasizing the numerical model's great result in duplicating the observed response. In this work, the soil response is simulated using an isotropic hardening elastic-plastic hysteretic model utilizing HSsmall. It is feasible to define the non-linear cycle response from small to large strain amplitudes through this model as well as for the shift in beginning stiffness with depth that happens during cyclic loading. One of the most difficult and unexpected tasks in resolving soil-structure interaction concerns is picking an appropriate ground motion predicted across an earthquake or assessing the geometrical abnormalities in the soil waves. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized to properly forecast the non-linear behavior of soil and its multi-directional character, which demonstrated the accuracy of the ANN based on the RMSE and R² values. The total result of this research demonstrates that complicated dynamic soil-structure interaction processes may be addressed directly by passing the significant simplifications of well-established substructure techniques.

• 경영정보학연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.127-154
• /
• 2017

서비스와 기술 간 융합 현상이 가속화되고 있는 비즈니스 환경 속에서 서비스 혁신 활동을 간명하게 파악하고 이들 간의 관계에 대한 직관을 얻을 수 있는 새로운 패턴분류체계의 필요성이 증대하고 있다. 본 연구는 서비스의 상호연관 되고 다차원적인 특성을 고려하여, 퍼지셋 질적 비교분석 방법을 채택하여 서비스 혁신 패턴을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 기존 연구를 기반으로 4개의 서비스 혁신 차원(i.e., 서비스 창출, 서비스 전달, 고객 상호작용, 그리고 기술)과 서비스 혁신 환경(기업 규모) 등 5개의 원인 변수들을 도출하고 기업 성과(매출성장률)를 결과 변수로 두고 분석을 시도하였다. 국내의 198개의 지식 서비스 기업들을 대상으로 데이터가 수집되었으며, 이를 기반으로 분석한 결과 높은 기업 성과를 보이는 4개의 서비스 혁신 패턴과 낮은 기업 성과를 보이는 4개의 서비스 혁신 패턴이 도출되었다. 연구결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 고객 상호작용 혁신은 높은 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 핵심 조건이나, 단독으로 수행되기보다 기술 혁신이나 서비스 전달 혁신 활동과 상호작용을 하였을 경우 높은 기업성과를 보였다. 기술 혁신은 비기술 혁신(i.e., 서비스 창출, 서비스 전달, 고객 상호작용)과 결합하였을 경우 높은 기업성과를 가져오는 서비스 혁신의 핵심 활동인 것으로 나타났으나, 이 경우 결합되는 하나 이상의 비기술 혁신 활동이 핵심 조건으로 수행되어야만 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기업혁신은 서비스 혁신에서 단독으로 수행될 경우 오히려 낮은 기업성과를 가져왔다. 서비스 창출 혁신과 서비스 전달 혁신은 기술 혁신과 모두 핵심 조건으로 결합되어 수행되었을 때 높은 기업성과를 보였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of exposure time and image resolution on fractal dimension calculations for determining the optimal range of these two variances. Materials and Methods : Thirty-one radiographs of the mandibular angle area of sixteen human dry mandibles were taken at different exposure times (0.01, 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.40, 0.64, and 0.80 s). Each radiograph was digitized at 1200 dpi, 8 bit, 256 gray level using a film scanner. We selected an Region of Interest (ROI) that corresponded to the same region as in each radiograph, but the resolution of ROI was degraded to 1000, 800, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 dpi. The fractal dimension was calculated by using the tile-counting method for each image, and the calculated values were then compared statistically. Results: As the exposure time and the image resolution increased, the mean value of the fractal dimension decreased, except the case where exposure time was set at 0.01 seconds (α = 0.05). The exposure time and image resolution affected the fractal dimension by interaction (p<0.001). When the exposure time was set to either 0.64 seconds or 0.80 seconds, the resulting fractal dimensions were lower, irrespective of image resolution, than at shorter exposure times (α = 0.05). The optimal range for exposure time and resolution was determined to be 0.08- 0.40 seconds and from 400-1000 dpi, respectively. Conclusion : Adequate exposure time and image resolution is essential for acquiring the fractal dimension using tile-counting method for evaluation of the mandible.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.292-320
• /
• 2024

The amount of data a related to a person is so substantial that it appears that a digital version of them can be built thereon. They are usually handled as personal information, and the attempts made to understand personal information have led to bundling and unbundling of various data, yielding numerous fragmented categories of personal information. Therefore, we attempt to construct a generalizable lens for a deeper understanding of person-related data. We develop a theoretical framework that provides a fundamental method to understand these data as an entity of a digitally represented person based on literature review as well as the concepts of inforg and infosphere. The proposed framework suggests person-related data consist of three informational inforg dimensions that can preserve the archetype of a person, form, content, and interaction. Subsequently, the framework is examined and tested through several analyses in two different contexts: social media and online shopping mall. This framework demonstrates the suggested dimensions are interrelated with certain patterns, the prominent dimension can determine the data characteristics, and the dimensional composition of data types can imply the characteristics of the digitally represented person in certain contexts.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.38-55
• /
• 2019

Purpose / Approach : This study aims to analyze the level of public service motivation and its antecedents by using survey data of 1,498 professional employees in public and private hospitals. Findings : Among job-related, organization-related, and socialization-related factors of professional employees, the socialization factors have a strong effect on individual's overall and the four sub-dimensions of public service motivation. While the effect of organizational identification is prominent in the public hospital, professional identification is more powerful in the private hospital. Person-job fit and person-organizational value fit also play a significant role in determining public service motivation. Organizational vision salience in public hospital has negative effect on public service motivation and attraction-to-public-service dimension. The significant determinants and its effect size are different according to hospital type and each sub-dimension of public service motivation. Practical Implications : The empirical findings show that individual's level of public service motivation in hospitals could be enhanced through the interaction between individual and their organization, and various organization-related factors. Further implications of the study are discussed from human resource management perspective in hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Prolotherapy is a method that has gained popularity in recent years and has been reported to have positive short-term and long-term clinical results in maxillofacial surgery, especially temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the trabecular structure of mandibular condyles in patients who underwent prolotherapy due to TMJ hypermobility using the fractal analysis method. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients who received dextrose prolotherapy at a concentration of 20% and fifteen control patients were included in the study. All patients had panoramic radiographs just before (T0) and six months after treatment (T1). The patients who received treatment were divided into three groups according to the number of prolotherapy injections. The regions of interest were selected from bone areas close to the articular surfaces of the condyles. The fractal dimension (FD) values were calculated. Results: The main effect of time on the FD value was significant [F (1, 56)=86.176, P<0.001]. This effect was qualified by a significant time×group interaction effect [F (3, 56)=9.023, P<0.001]. The decreases in FD values in all treatment groups between T0 and T1 times were significant (P=0.004). However, changes in FD values were not significant in the control group (P=0.728). Conclusion: Dextrose prolotherapy without the effect of the number of injections caused a decrease in FD values in the mandibular condyles over time.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This is a qualitative study to identify dimensions of long-term care hospital care quality that provide high-level medical services for long-term care patients in Korea. Methods: Service consumers and providers were interviewed, and collected data were analyzed into thesis, type and dimension. The focus group method was applied to two provider groups and individual interview was applied to two persons who had experienced a long-term care hospital. Results: The results of analyzing the consumers and providers was integrated into 8 dimensions: physical environment, staff, clinical care and nursing, multiplicity of activity program, atmosphere, interaction with family, nutrition, and quality improvement system. Conclusion: The dimensions of long-term care hospital care quality from this study can be used as a basis of quality indicators. Quantitative studies to test these dimensions are required for establishing quality management systems.