• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.716-721
• /
• 1999

It has been known that continuous cultivation of hairy root is difficult to maintain for a long period of time compared to the microbial and callus cultures. Chemostat cultivation was successfully carried out in order to economically produce a plant-based colorant, betacyanin, from red beet hairy root for more than 85 days in a 14-1 fermentor. The result from the chemostat cultivation was compared to those of the batch and fed-batch cultivations of red beet hairy roots. It was shown that hairy root reached its steady state within 50 days of the cultivation, and then maintained for about 25-30 days in a wide range of dilution rates. Total betacyanin production from the continuous process was also calculated to be 2.65g at 0.28(l/d) of dilution rate, compared to 0.196g from fed-batch cultivation. It was found that betacyanin production was a partially growth related process, yielding 0.376 mg/g-fresh wt. cell and $1.89{\times}10^{-5}$ mg/g-fresh wt. cell/d, with 0.92 of correlation factor in a partial growth-product model. It was also shown that the cell growth required was relatively large for maintenance amount of energy at a low dilution rate. The growth of hairy root was inhibited by high light intensity in following a photo-inhibition model. The growth parameters were estimated to be 0.3(l/d), $10.56kcal/\textrm{m}^2/h$,{\;}and{\;}35.81kcal/\textrm{m}^2/h$ for the maximum specific growth rate, half saturation light intensity, and inhibition light intensity, respectively.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
• /
• pp.840-845
• /
• 2001

Development of a small gas-turbine combustor for 100kW class APU(Auxiliary Power Unit) has been performed. This combustor is a reverse-annular type and has a tangential swirler in the liner head to improve the fuel/air mixing and flame stability. Three main and three pilot fuel injectors of the simplex pressure-swirl type are used. The performance target at the design condition includes a turbine inlet temperature of 1170K, a combustion efficiency of 99%, a pattern factor of 30%, and an engine durability of 3000 hours. Under developing the combustor, we conducted performance test of our first prototype(TS1) with some variants. As a result of the test, the performance targets of the combustor are satisfied except that the pattern factor is about 4% higher than target value. So, we redesigned the second prototype(TS2) and conduct performance test with the critical focus on pattern factor and exit mean temperature. We adopted TS2 four variant to check the improvement of pattern factor. As the result, the pattern factors of several variants were satisfied with the performance target. Finally, We chose the TS2A variant as a final combustor for our APU model.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제65권10호
• /
• pp.1694-1696
• /
• 2016

Present thin film solar cells with hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO:H) as an absorber suffer from low fill factor(FF) of 61~64 [%] in spite of its benefits related to high open circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$). Since degraded quality of a-SiO:H absorber by alloying with oxygen can affect the FF, we aimed to achieve high photosensitivity by minimizing $CO_2$ gas addition. Improving optical gap($E_{opt}$) has been attained by strong hydrogen dilution combined with lowering substrate temperature down to 100 [$^{\circ}C$]. Small amount of the $CO_2$ was added in order to disturb microcrystalline formation by high hydrogen dilution. The developed a-SiO:H has high photosensitivity (${\sim}2{\times}10^5$) and high $E_{opt}$ of 1.85 [eV], which contributed to attain remarkable FF of 74 [%] and high $V_{oc}$ (>1 [V]). As a result, high power conversion efficiency of 7.18 [%] was demonstrated by using very thin absorber layer of only 100 [nm], even though we processed all experiment at extremely low temperature of 100 [$^{\circ}C$].

• 태양에너지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 1989

The Buoyant Jets were analysed experimentally changing flow rate (0.0291/s, 0.0371/s, 0.0451/s), ratio of nozzle tip area to throat area (aspect ratio ${\beta}$=0.4, 1.0, 1.9), and also the temperature difference (${\Delta}T=Ti-T{\infty}$) between the temperature of the inflow water into the storage tank ($1m{\times}1m{\times}3m$) and the mean temperature of the water in the storage tank were changed as $25^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$. The more aspect ratio decreased, the more the trajectories of Buoyant Jets center-line were decreased and not the more the trajectories of Buoyant Jets centerline were influenced by the increment of the difference of the temperature. The more aspect ratio decreased, the more the half widths and dilution ratio of Buoyant Jets were increased and not the more the half widths and dilution ratio of Buoyant Jets were influenced by the increment of the difference of the temperature. Fr number is the factor that can predict the flow pattern over the whole flow field. And yet for the consideration the near field of Buoyant Jets flow pattern is dominated by magnitude of momentum and buoyancy force.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.417-430
• /
• 2018

The concentration fields in the proximities of a local gas emission source are experimentally analyzed in several combinations of wind incidences and source emissions. These conditions are determined by the plume buoyancy, emission velocity and incident flow wind speed. Concentration measurements are performed by an aspirating probe in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The analysis included the mean concentration values and the intensity of concentration fluctuations in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer flow. Different configurations are tested: an isolated stack in a homogeneous terrain and a stack with a bluff body in close proximity, located windward and leeward from the emission source. The experimental mean concentration values are contrasted with Gaussian profiles and the dilution factor is analyzed with respect to the empirical curves of the minimum dilution. Finally, a study on the plume intermittency is performed in a cross-sectional plane near the emission source. It is possible to highlight the following observations: a) plume vertical asymmetry in the case of an isolated emission source, b) significant differences in the dispersion process related to the relative location of the emission source and bluff body effects, and c) different probabilistic behavior of the concentration fluctuation data in a cross-sectional measurement plane inside the plume.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2015

우리나라의 중·저준위 방사성폐기물은 월성환경관리센터를 이용하여 처분된다. 처분시설의 안전성을 확인하기 위하여 자연현상에 의한 시나리오뿐만 아니라 인간침입에 의한 시나리오도 고려하여 평가한다. 인간침입 시나리오는 제도적관리기간 이후 처분시설의 존재를 모르는 인간에 의해 시추 등과 같은 행위로 인해 일어나는 시나리오로서, 우물이용 시나리오는 처분부지 내 우물의 시추확률이 수십 년 생애기간에 시나리오에 의한 피폭을 한번이라도 경험할 수 있는 가능성이 낮음을 보여 인간침입 사건범주로 구분하였으며, 보수적인 가정을 사용하여 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 우물의 위치 및 처분시설로부터 누출된 오염물질의 우물 유입비율을 지하수 유동 모델링을 통하여 계산되었으며, 이에 대한 방법론을 소개하였다. 또한, 이 방법론을 핵종이동 모델링에 적용하여 처분시설에 미치는 영향을 평가하여, 평가된 시나리오는 성능목표치를 만족하고 있음을 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2008

The guidelines for indoor air quality of public transportations such as subway, train and bus was presented by Korean Ministry of Environment last end of year 2006 based on the great consequence of indoor air quality in daily life. Two main parameters, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) and particulate matters smaller than $10\;{\mu}m(PM_{10})$, were selected as index pollutants for the management of indoor air quality. The former pollutant, $CO_2$, is regarded as index of ventilation status and the major source of $CO_2$ in the train or subway is the exhalation of passengers. It is publically perceived that the high $CO_2$ concentration in a crowded subway will be reduced and ventilated with outdoor air by door-opening taken every 2 or 3 minutes when the train stops each station. However, there has not been any scientific proof and quantitative information on the effect of door-opening on the $CO_2$ reduction by ventilation with outdoor air. In this study, $CO_2$ concentration and number of passengers were measured at each station on the 3 lines of Korail metropolitan subway. In order to evaluate the effect of $CO_2$ reduction by door opening, the theoretical approach using the $CO_2$ balance equation was performed. By comparing the predicted data with monitoring one, the optimum $CO_2$ dilution factor was determined. For the first time, it was quantified that about 35% of $CO_2$ concentration in the subway indoor was removed by the door-opening at each station.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.488-493
• /
• 1996

농약의 토양 표면유출에 관한 연구의 일차단계로 사과 과수원에서 자연강우를 이용한 captafol의 토양 표면 유출 실험을 수행하였다. Captafol 유출농도는 약제를 살포한 직후 강우가 있었던 5차시기에 가장 높은 180 ppb의 수준을 보였으며, 그 이외의 시기에는 대부분 20 ppb 이하였고, 전체 유출된 양은 처리한 유효성분량에 대하여 0.1% 이하 수준이었다. 지천과 합류되는 지점에서 captafol의 희석배율은 과수원의 배출구와 바로 인접한 지천에서는 약 10배, 좀 더 이동되어 큰 지천과 합류되는 지점에서는 약 50배의 수준이었다. 따라서 captafol이 유출로 인하여 인접 하천으로 유입되는 경우는 희석요인(약 $10{\sim}50$배로 희석)과 빠른 가수분해성을 고려할 때 환경생물에 대한 급성적인 독성은 문제가 되지 않을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2004

A numerical study was conducted to determine the effects of high temperature air, including equivalent ratio on flow field, temperature, evaporation, and overall temperature distribution in gas turbine combustor. A sector model of a typical wall jet can combustor, featuring introduction of primary air and dilution air via wall jet, was used in calculations. Flow field and temperature distribution were analyzed. Operating conditions such as inlet temperature and overall equivalent ratio were varied from 373 to 1300 K, and from 0.3 to 0.6, respectively, while any other operating conditions were fixed. The RNG ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model and eddy breakup model were used for turbulence and combustion model respectively. It was found that the increase with the inlet air temperature, velocity in the combustor is accelerated and evaporation of liquid fuel is not affected in primary zone, high temperature inlet air enhances the evaporation and improves overall temperature distribution factor.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2005

The uncertainty of measurement in nitrate from burley leaf tobacco by continuous-flow analysis method was evaluated following internationally accepted guidelines. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of nitrate were weight of standard and sample, purity of standard, dilution of standard solution, calibration curve, water content, etc. The calculation of uncertainty based on the GUM(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) and EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. An expanded uncertainty was obtained by multiplying the combined standard uncertainty with a coverage factor (k) calculated from the effective degree of freedom. The concentration of nitrate from burley leaf tobacco was $2.09\%$ and the expanded uncertainty by multiplying by the coverage factor(k, 2.20) was $0.13\%\;at\;a\;95\%$ confidence level.