• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.263-273
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• 2002

This paper presents desirable water environmental management to a closed watershed. In order to obtain spatially distributed environmental information, GIS data have been used. Elevation data are used to extract stream channels automatically and to divide networks of a watershed. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been developed, validated, and adopted to estimate the runoff of total nitrogen pollutant from watershed. This GIS-linked model can be applied effectively to the watersheds with many sub-streams, and for the estimation of pollutant runoff considering land use change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 2011

LiDAR technology is a combination of laser ranging, satellite positioning technology and digital image technology for study and determination with high accuracy of the true earth surface features in 3 D. Laser scanning data is typically a points cloud on the ground, including coordinates, altitude and intensity of laser from the object on the ground to the sensor (Wehr & Lohr, 1999). Data from laser scanning can produce products such as digital elevation model (DEM), digital surface model (DSM) and the intensity data. In Vietnam, the LiDAR technology has been applied since 2005. However, the application of LiDAR in Vietnam is mostly for topological mapping and DEM establishment using point cloud 3D coordinate. In this study, another application of LiDAR data are present. The study use the intensity image combine with some other data sets (elevation data, Panchromatic image, RGB image) in Bacgiang City to perform land cover classification using neural network method. The results show that it is possible to obtain land cover classes from LiDAR data. However, the highest accurate classification can be obtained using LiDAR data with other data set and the neural network classification is more appropriate approach to conventional method such as maximum likelyhood classification.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2011

In this study, a digital elevation model (DEM) in tidal flat of Suncheon Bay, one of the most ecological preserved area in the world, was generated from digital aerial stereo-images. The focal lengths for the aerial stereo-images were adjusted using ground control points (GCPs) in order to improve the accuracy of camera parameters. We proposed matching sizes suitable for generating DEM in tidal flat and a method for eliminating excessive position errors using intersection-distance($P_R$) threshold value. The accuracies of the DEM generated from the proposed method as well as the commercial S/W were compared with the elevation profiles measured by Total Station in the filed. As the results, the DEM generated by the proposed method showed better result (maximum deviation is a -21 centimeters) with detailed topography than DEM by the commercial S/W in the region. These results suggest that the DEM of tidal flat, which hardly obtained with the traditional methods, can be generated from digital aerial images by applying the proposed method in this study. We believe that the generated DEM in tidal flat can be an essential data for monitoring the sediment erosion and deposit of the tidal flat.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1165-1176
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• 2016

The accuracy of digital elevation models (DEMs) is crucial for properly estimating flood inundation area. DEM pixel size is especially important when generating flood inundation maps of small streams with a channel width of less than 50 m. In Korea, DEMs with large spatial resolutions of 30 m have been widely applied to generate flood inundation maps, even for small streams. Additionally, when making river master plans, field observations of stream cross-sections, as well as reference points in the middle of the river, have not previously been used to enhance the DEM. In this study, it was graphically demonstrated that high-resolution DEMs can increase the accuracy of flood inundation mapping, especially for small streams. Also, a methodology was proposed to modify the existing low-resolution DEMs by adding additional survey reference points, including river cross-sections, and interpolating them into a high spatial resolution DEM using the inverse distance weighting method. For verification purposes, the modified DEM was applied to Han stream on Jeju Island. The modified DEM showed much better accuracy when describing morphological features near the stream. Moreover, the flood inundation maps were formulated with the original 30 m pixel DEM and the modified 0.1 m pixel DEM using HEC-RAS modeling of the actual flood event of Typhoon Nari, and then compared with the flood history map of Nari. The results clearly indicated that the modified DEM generated a similar inundation area, but a very poor estimate of inundation area was derived from the original low-resolution DEM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) photogrammetry provides a cost-effective option for collecting high-resolution 3D point clouds compared with UAV LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry. The main objectives of this study were to (1) validate the accuracy of 3D site model generated, and (2) determine the differences between Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and Digital Surface Model(DSM). In this study, DEM and DSM were shown to have varying degree of accuracy from observed data. The results indicated that the model predictions were considered tend to over- and under-estimated. The range of RMSE of DSM predicted was from 8.2 and 21.3 when compared with the observation. In addition, RMSE values were ranged from 10.2 and 25.8 to compare between DEM predicted and field data. The predict values resulting from the DSM were in agreement with the observed data compared to DEM calculation. In other words, it was determined that the DSM was a better suitable model than DEM. There is potential for enabling automated topography evaluation of the prior-harvest areas by using UAV technology.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2008

The quality of orthoimages mainly depends on the elevation information and exterior orientation (EO) parameters. Since LiDAR data directly provides the elevation information over the earth's surface including buildings and trees, the concept of true orthorectification has been rapidly developed and implemented. If a LiDAR-driven digital surface model (DSM) is used for orthorectification, the displacements caused by trees and buildings are effectively removed when compared with the conventional orthoimages processed with a digital elevation model (DEM). This study utilized LiDAR data to generate orthorectified digital aerial images. Experimental orthoimages were produced using digital terrain model (DTM) and DSM. For the preparation of orthorectification, EO components, one of the inputs for orthorectification, were adjusted with the ground control points (GCPs) collected from the LiDAR point data, and the ground points were extracted by a filtering method used in a previous research. The orthoimage generated by DSM corresponded more closely to non-ground LiDAR points than the orthoimage produced by DTM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.73-81
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• 2004

National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) in Korea, through National Geographic Information System (NGIS) Program, has prepared to generate and disseminate digital elevation data for Korea. This is a pilot research to propose a policy for generation, maintenance, and supply of Korea Digital Elevation Data (KDED). Customer demands for accuracy and resolution of DEM was surveyed through questionnaire. In order to investigate the quality, the technical efficiency and the production cost, a tentative DEM in a small test site was generated based on digital topographic maps (original paper map scale 1 :5,000), analytical plotter, and LIDAR. Accuracy standard for KDED was derived based on source data and generation methods. As results of this research, we recommend uniformly spaced grid model for KDED. Its preferable grid space is 5m in urban and its vicinity; and 10m in field and mountainous area. LIDAR has been valuated as a proper KDED generation method fulfilling customers demand for the accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2018

DEM(Digital Elevation Model) being fundamental data in geospatial domain is produced from different data and using various methods. As they are derived their precision varies and altering derivative in application. In this work, we compare two widely used DEMs namely(Advanced Land Observing Satellite World 3D 30m and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 30m) around coastal islands in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. First statistics of each DEM were calculated and later overlapped in Landsat image for visual comparison of areas below and above zero-meter elevation. As a result, it was found that DEMs were highly correlated with each other and had similar statistics. Besides having few high differences in hilly land area, they were able to represent the coastal lines. It has also been noted that they have many negative values and should carefully select study area covering full watershed in coastal regions to avoid negative elevation even after filling the sinks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

Kompsat-3 is an optical high-resolution earth observation satellite launched in May 2012. In addition to its 0.7m spatial resolution, Kompsat-3 is capable of in-track stereo acquisition enabling quality Digital Elevation Model(DEM) generation. Typical DEM generation procedure requires accurate control points well-distributed over the entire image region. But we often face difficult situations especially when the area of interests is oversea or inaccessible area. One solution to this is to use existing geospatial data even though they only cover a part of the image. This paper aimed to assess accuracy of DEM from Kompsat-3 with different scenarios including no control point, Rational Polynomial Coefficients(RPC) relative adjustment, and RPC adjustment with control points. Experiments were carried out for Kompsat-3 stereo data in USA. We used Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle(DOQ) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM) as control points sources. The generated DEMs are compared to a LiDAR DEM for accuracy assessment. The test results showed that the relative RPC adjustment significantly improved DEM accuracy without any control point. And comparable DEM could be derived from single control point from DOQ and SRTM, showing 7 meters of mean elevation error.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 1997

In hydrology analysis, the result of a slope analysis for terrain have an very important effect on water quality and water quantity Recently, a slope analysis tend to use the digital elevation model rater than the traditional map sheet. But a terrain slope analysis by the digital elevation model depends on grid size of the digital elevation model. Hence the effect of a slope analysis by the digital elevation model is a important factor. In this study, therefor, in order to determine a hydrological parameter and a terrain parameter for simulation of the water quality and the hydrological property, we adapted two sample area that are the Nerin stream of the basin of the Soyang lake and a Osip stream of Samchuk, and its individual coverages are $640\;km^2$ and $33\;km^2$. Also to analyze the effect of grid size in the slope of a basin, we apply DEM changing a grid size respectively at intervals of 100 m from 100 m to 1.000m for the Nerin stream basin and at intervals of 10 m from 20 m to 300 m for the Osip stream basin.