• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1992

A $\alpha$-l, 4-D-glucan maltohydrolase $(\beta$-amylase), secreted by the mesophilic aerobic bacterium Bacillus polymyxa No.26, was purified and characterized. The enzyme production was increased after a logarithmic phase of bacterial growth and paralleled with the onset of bacterial sporulation. By applying anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration the enzyme was purified 16.7-fold and had a specific activity of 285.7 units/mg. Two enzyme activities were eluted on a column of DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and they were designated as E-I for a major enzyme peak and E-II for a minor peak. Of them, E-I enzyme peak was further purified by using gel chromatography. The molecular mass of this enzyme was determined to be 64, 000 daltons and consisted of a single subunit, showing an isoelectric point of 8.9. The enzyme was able to attack specifically the $\alpha$-l, 4-glycosidic linkages in soluble starch and caused its complete hydrolysis to maltose and $\beta$-limited dextrin. This amylolytic enzyme displayed a temperature optimum at $45^\circ{C}$ and a pH optimum at 7.0. The amino acid composition of the purified enzyme was quite similar to the other bacterial $\beta$-amylases reported. Surprisingly, the purified enzyme from this aerobe only exhibited hydrolytic activity on soluble starch, not on starch granules. The degradation of from starch by $\beta$-amylase was greatly stimulated by pullulanase addition. These results differentiated from other $\beta$-amylases reported. Based on a previous result that showed the enzyme system involves in effective degradation of raw starch granules, this result strongly suggested that the purified enzyme (E-I) can be a synergistic part of starch granule-digestion and E-II plays a crucial role in digestion of starch granules.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

Gastrointestinal (GI) medications have been administered to many patients without any gastrointestinal diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate use of GI drugs and assess related factors. Medical records of 600 outpatients were reviewed from January 1997 to December 1997 at A Hospital, Kyunggi-do, Korea. Fifty patients every month among all outpatients were randomly selected up to total 600 patients. Surgical patients, visitors for regular health examination and inpatients were excluded. GI symptoms included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, constipation, heartburn, dysphagia and abdominal pain. The prescribed gastrointestinal drugs were antacids. $H_2$-antagonist, sucralfate, cisapride, omeprazole, laxatives, digestive enzymes and antidiarrheal agents. Patients without GI symptoms were 348 out of 600 outpatients who were screened. Two hundred and eighty two of 348 patients $(81\%)$ were given GI drugs though they did not have any GI symptoms. There were no differences in regard to sex and age of patients. Most of medical departments prescribed gastrointestinal drugs for these patients. The most frequently prescribed drugs were in order of digestive enzyme, antacids and $H_2$-antagonists. In view of economic aspects, patients paid 12.28 percents of total cost per prescription for unnecessary medicines. The medical practice of prescribing GI drugs should be assessed to define appropriate subgroups to have benefits with prophylactic administration and to reduce adverse effects caused by drug interactions. Pharmacists would have a significant role to promote rational drug therapy.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2023

Purpose: Since 2013, marine dumping of wastewater has been banned, and research on eco-friendly and efficient land treatment has emerged. This study compared and tested changes in biogas production and anaerobic process efficiency depending on whether or not enzyme pretreatment was performed during anaerobic digestion from single-phase and two-phase to medium-temperature. Research design, data and methodology: The total sugar, direct sugar, pH, and acidity before and after fermentation were analyzed by G/C by anaerobic fermentation of the liquor wastewater, food wastewater 1, and food wastewater 2 at 30℃ for 67 hours, and the amount of methane gas generated was analyzed by balloon volume. Results: It was found that stable organic acid concentration and pH were found in the enzyme-treated food wastewater 2, and the amount of methane gas generated was also increased. Conclusions: When anaerobic digestion of the liquor wastewater and the food wastewater together, the performance of enzyme pretreatment resulted in increased digestive efficiency. It will be the basic data that can contribute to carbon neutrality and greenhouse gas reduction by increasing the production of biogas.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2002

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many functions. Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin C de novo, because they lack the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Previous Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin C were based on prevention of deficiency with a margin of safety. However preventing deficiency may not be equivalent to ideal nutrient intake. Recommendation should be based on vitamin function in relation to concentration. For this goal, data set of the relationship between wide-range of vitamin C dose and resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues and characterization of functional outcomes in relation to these concentrations should be acquired. This article reviews the current knowledge in these areas and suggest how this knowledge may contribute toward establishing dietary guideline for ideal vitamin C intake.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2002년도 추계 심포지움초록
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• pp.1157-1168
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• 2002

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many functions. Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin C de novo, because they lack the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Previous Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin C were based on prevention of deficiency with a margin of safety. However preventing deficiency may not be equivalent to ideal nutrient intake. Recommendation should be based on vitamin function in relation to concentration. For this goal, data set of the relationship between wide-range of vitamin C dose and resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues and characterization of functional outcomes in relation to these concentrations should be acquired. This article reviews the current knowledge in these areas and suggest how this knowledge may contribute toward establishing dietary guideline for ideal vitamin C intake.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 및 총회
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• pp.54-70
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• 2002

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many functions. Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin C do novo, because they lack the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Previous Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin C were based on prevention of deficiency with a margin of safety. However preventing deficiency may not be equivalent to ideal nutrient intake. Recommendation should be based on vitamin function in relation to concentration. For this goal, data set of the relationship between wide-range of vitamin C dose and resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues and characterization of functional outcomes in relation to these concentrations should be acquired. This article reviews the current knowledge in these areas and suggest how this knowledge may contribute toward establishing dietary guideline for ideal vitamin C intake.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.438-443
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• 1999

A livetin solution(LS) containing yolk immunoglobulins(IgY) was separated by treating the egg yolk with natural gum, carrageenan. Carrageenan has been used as a food ingredient. Relative absorbance of IgY LS after proteolysis was investigated. IgY LS was fairly stable to pepsin digestion at pH 3.0. However, IgY LS appeared to be susceptible to pepsin digestion at pH 2.0, showing 18% of relative absorbance and complete breakdown H chain after 30 min exposure. Relative absorbance of IgY LS was considerably high after exposure to trypsin and chymotrypsin for 8 hr. IgY LS showed especially good stability to chymotrypsin digestion.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1487-1492
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• 2012

복숭아는 오래 전부터 알레르기를 일으키는 식품으로 알려져 있으나 특정 식품과의 교차반응에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서 재배되고 있는 복숭아, 앵두, 고추의 단백질을 추출하여 복숭아 알레르기를 가진 환자가 앵두와 고추에 대해 교차반응성을 일으키는지 확인하고 이 단백질들의 소화효소처리에 따른 안정성을 조사하였다. 복숭아, 앵두 및 고추 단백질 추출물은 Tricine-SDS-PAGE상에서 3 kDa부터 26 kDa 이상까지 넓은 범위의 단백질 분포를 보였으나 각기 다른 패턴을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 복숭아 단백질의 항원성을 확인하기 위해 복숭아 민감성 환자의 혈청과의 IgE반응성을 확인한 결과, 환자 혈청은 모두 복숭아의 주요 항원성 단백질 lipid transfer protein로 예상되는 9 kDa 부근에서 강한 IgE결합력을 보였으며 또한 9 kDa 단백질이 anti-LTP1 polyclonal antibody에 의해 검출되는 것을 확인하였다. 앵두와 고추 단백질 추출물은 23 kDa 부근에서의 IgE결합력이 9 kDa과의 반응성보다 크게 나타났다. 복숭아, 앵두 및 고추의 소화효소에 대한 안정성을 SDS-PAGE 상에서 확인한 결과, 복숭아, 앵두 및 고추의 항원성 단백질은 인공 위액 및 장액에 의해 완전히 분해되지 않아 알레르기를 유발할 잠재성이 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 복숭아, 앵두 및 고추 단백질 추출물이 소화효소처리에 안정성을 가지는 특성을 가지며 복숭아 알레르기 증상을 가지는 사람에게 앵두 및 고추는 교차반응성을 일으킬 가능성이 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2020

본 연구는 선씀바귀의 항산화 및 탄수화물 소화효소 억제 효과를 평가하여 제 2형 당뇨환자에게 중요한 항산화제 및 혈당 상승 억제제로서의 가능성을 타진하고자 하였다. 선씀바귀 추출물의 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량과 in vitro 항산화 활성 및 소화효소 저해 활성을 조사한 결과 ISE가 ISW보다 총페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 높았고 항산화 활성 및 소화효소 저해 활성 또한 높았다. ISE의 계통분획물 중에 에틸아세테이트 분획물과 부탄올 분획물의 소화효소 저해 활성이 가장 우수하고, 추출물의 항산화활성과 탄수화물 소화효소 억제효과가 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드함량과 높은 상관성을 가지는 것으로 볼 때, ISW에 비해 상대적으로 높은 ISE의 항산화 및 소화효소 저해 활성은 페놀 화합물, 특히 플라보노이드 화합물 때문임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 ISE와 에틸아세테이트 그리고 부탄올 분획물은 우수한 항당뇨 기능성 소재라고 판단된다.