• Title/Summary/Keyword: Digestion gas

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Reuse of Hydrogen Sulfide by Ferric Chelate Reaction of Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion Gas, Sulfur Recovery and its Economic Evaluation (킬레이트 착화학반응에 의한 음식물폐기물 혐기소화가스 중 황화수소의 제거와 황회수 및 경제성평가)

  • Park, Young G.;Yang, Youngsun
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.367-374
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    • 2014
  • Several experiments have been done to investigate the removal of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) synthetic gas from biogas streams by means of chemical absorption and chemical reaction with 0.1-1 M Fe/EDTA solution. The roles of Fe/EDTA were studied to enhance the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide because of oxidizing by chelate. The motivation of this investigation is first to explore the feasibility of enhancing the toxic gas treatment in the biogas facility. The biogas purification strategy affords many advantages. For instance, the process can be performed under mild environmental conditions and at low temperature, and it removes hydrogen sulfide selectively. The end product of separation is elemental sulfur, which is a stable material that can be easily disposed with minor potential for further pollution. As the Fe-EDTA concentration increased, the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide increased because of the high stability of Fe-EDTA complex. pH as an important environmental factor was 9.0 for the stability of chemical complex in the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide.

Optimization of Cu/CeO2 Catalyst for Single Stage Water-Gas Shift Reaction: CeO2 Production Using Cerium Hydroxy Carbonate Precursor and Selection of Optimal Cu Loading (단일 수성가스 전이 반응용 Cu/CeO2 촉매 최적화: 수산화탄산세륨 전구체를 이용한 CeO2 제조 및 최적 Cu 담지량 선정)

  • HEO YU-SEUNG;JEONG, CHANG-HOON;PARK, MIN-JU;KIM, HAK-MIN;KANG, BOO MIN;JEONG, DAE-WOON
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.455-463
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    • 2021
  • In this study, CeO2 support is synthesized from cerium hydroxy carbonate prepared using precipitation/digestion method using KOH and K2CO3 as the precipitants. The Cu was impregnated to CeO2 support with the different loading (Cu loading=10-40 wt. %). The prepared Cu/CeO2 catalysts were applied to a single stage water gas shift (WGS) reaction. Among the prepared catalysts, the 20Cu/CeO2 catalyst contained 20 wt.% of Cu showed the highest CO conversion (Xco=68% at 400℃). This result was mainly due to a large amount of active sites. In addition, the activity of the 20 Cu/CeO2 catalyst was maintained without being deactivated for 100 hours because of the strong interaction between Cu and CeO2. Therefore, it was confirmed that 20 Cu/CeO2 is a suitable catalyst for a single WGS reaction.

A Study on Establishment of Technical Guideline of the Installation and Operation for the Biogas Utilization of Transportation and City Gas: Design and Operation Guideline (고품질화 바이오가스 이용 기술지침 마련을 위한 연구(III): 도시가스 및 수송용 - 기술지침(안) 중심으로)

  • Moon, HeeSung;Kwon, Junhwa;Park, Hoyeon;Jeon, Taewan;Shin, Sunkyung;Lee, Dongjin
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2019
  • In this study, to optimize the production and utilization of biogas for organic waste resources, the precision monitoring of on-site facilities and the energy balance by facility were analyzed, and the solutions for field problems were investigated, and the design and operation guidelines for pretreatment facilities and generators were presented. Gas pre-treatment is required to solve frequent failures and efficiency degradation in operation of high quality refining facilities, and processing processes such as desulfurization, dehumidification, deoxidization, dust treatment, volatile organic compounds, etc. Since these processes are substances that are also eliminated from the high-quality process, quantitative guidelines are not presented in the gas pretreatment process, but are suggested to operate during the processing process as a qualitative guideline. In particular, dust, siloxane, and volatile organic compounds are the main cause of frequent failure of high-quality processes if they are not removed from the gas pretreatment process. Design of the biogas high-quality process. The operation guidelines provide quality standards [Methane content (including propane) of 95% or more] with 90% or more utilization of the total gas generation, two systems, and a margin of 10% or more. It also proposed installing gas equalization tank, installing thermal automatic control system for controlling equalization of auxiliary fuel, installing dehumidification device at the back of high quality for removing moisture generated in the process of gas compression, installing heat-resisting facilities to prevent freezing of facilities in winter and reducing efficiency, and installing membrane facilities in particular.

The study on increasing of biodegradability by pre-treatment of municipal wasted sludge in anaerobic digestion process (도시하수슬러지의 전처리에 따른 혐기성 소화공정의 생분해율 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2002
  • The slow degradation rate of sludge in anaerobic digestion is due to rate-limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. To upgrading of sludge hydrolysis and biodegradabiliry, the pre-treatment had been carried out using acidlc (pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline (pH 9, 10, 13), thermal (50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$), and ultrasonic treatment (400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the Soluble SCOD Ratio(%)of treated/untreated sample were increased 102% in acid (pH5), 986% in alkali (pH 13), 595% in thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic (35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acid treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity in vial test, the thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) pre-treatment was the highest, followed by thermal ($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic (90min), alkaline (pH 9), and ultrasonic (50min). We compared untreated samples and the most efficient pre-treatment samples(at $200^{\circ}C$, for 30min) on gas productivity with changes of HRT in continuous experiments IN thermal treated samples were 2.5 times in SCOD, 2 times in soluble protein and 3.3 times high in soluble carbohydrate than untreated ones. In gas productivity, the thermal treated samples were average 2 times high than untreated ones. And HRT 7 days was most effective. followed by HRT 10, HRT 15 days. But The gas productiviry of HRT 2.5 days was less than untreated, the reason of low gas productivity was come from high organic acids accumulation within reactor.

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Effects of Exogenous Enzymes on Ruminal Fermentation and Degradability of Alfalfa Hay and Rice Straw

  • Yang, H.E.;Son, Y.S.;Beauchemin, K.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.56-64
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the use of exogenous enzymes as a potential means of improving the ruminal digestion (i.e., degradability) of alfalfa hay and rice straw. Twenty six enzyme-additives were examined in terms of protein concentration and enzymic activities on model substrates. The exogenous enzymes contained ranges of endoglucanase, xylanase, ${\beta}$-glucanase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and protease activities. Six of the enzyme additives were chosen for further investigation. The enzyme additives and a control without enzyme were applied to mature quality alfalfa hay substrate and subsequently incubated in rumen batch cultures. Five of the enzyme additives (CE2, CE13, CE14, CE19, and CE24) increased total gas production (GP) at 48 h of incubation compared to the control (p<0.05). The two additives (CE14 and CE24) having the greatest positive effects on alfalfa hay dry matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) degradability were further characterized for their ability to enhance degradation of low quality forages. The treatments CE14, CE24, a 50:50 combination of CE14 and CE24 (CE14+24), and control (no enzyme) were applied to mature alfalfa hay and rice straw. For alfalfa hay, application of the two enzyme additives, alone and in combination, increased GP compared to the control at 48 h fermentation (p<0.05), whereas only CE14 and CE14+24 treatments improved GP from rice straw (p<0.05). Rumen fluid volatile fatty acid concentrations throughout the incubation of rice straw were analyzed. Acetate concentration was slightly lower (p<0.05) for CE14${\times}$CE24 compared to the control, although individually, CE14 and CE24 acetate concentrations were not different from the control. Increases (p<0.05) in alfalfa hay NDF degradability measured at 12 and 48 h of incubation occurred only for CE14 (at 12 h) and for CE14+24 (at 12 and 48 h). Similarly, ADF degradability increased (p<0.05) with CE14 and CE14+24. As for rice straw, increased DM degradability was observed at 12 and 48 h of incubation for all enzyme treatments with an exception for CE14 at 12 h. The degradability of NDF was improved by all the enzyme treatments at either incubation time, while ADF degradability was only enhanced at 48 h. Overall, the enzymes led to enhanced digestion of mature alfalfa and there was evidence of improved digestibility of rice straw, an even lower quality forage.

Optimum Recovery of Biogas from Pig Slurry with Different Compositions (돈분 슬러리 성상에 따른 최적 바이오가스 회수)

  • Park, Woo-Kyun;Jun, Hang-Bae;Kwon, Soon-Ik;Chae, Kyu-Jung;Park, Noh-Back
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate the optimum conditions for efficient methane production through anaerobic digestion of pig waste slurry. The examined parameters were organic matter content of the pig slurry, the ratio of seed sludge to pig slurry, and stirring intensity of the digestion reactor. The effects of types of slurry produced from different purpose-based pigs fed with different feeds were also tested. The methane concentration in the produced biogas was 45% when the ratio of seed sludge to pig slurry was 50% and total solid (TS) concentration was 1%, and it increased in proportional to TS concentration increases from 3 to 7%. At 3 and 5% of TS concentration, increasing mixing velocity from 80 to 160 rpm resulted in higher biogas production amount. However, mixing amount of seed sludge did not cause any significant effect on biogas production. Overall, the most efficient biogas production was achieved at 3-5% TS concentration in combination with 50% seed sludge inoculation and mixing velocity at 120 rpm. Among pig slurry types, gestating sow waste slurry showed the highest biogas production probably due to higher the degradation rate than other types of pig waste slurry being affected by the feeds components.

A Proposal of Sequencing the Combined Processes for Resources Recovery and Nitrogen Removal from Piggery Waste (슬러리형 돈사폐수에서 자원회수와 질소제거를 위한 순차적 결합공정 제안)

  • Hwang, In-Su;Min, Kyung-Sok;Bae, Jin-Yeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 2006
  • The combined ADEPT(Anaerobic Digestion Elutriated Phased Treatment)-SHARON(Single reactor system for High Ammonium Removal Over nitrite)-ANAMMOX(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation) processes were operated for resources recovery and nitrogen removal from slurry-type piggery waste. The ADEPT process operated at an acidogenic loading rates of 3.95 gSCOD/L-day, the SCOD elutriation rate and acid production rate were 5.3 gSCOD/L-day and 3.3 gVFAs(as COD)/L-day, respectively. VS reduction and SCOD reduction by the hydrolysis were 13% and 0.19 $gSCOD_{prod.}/gVS_{feeding}$, respcetively. Also, the acid production rate was 0.80 $gVFAs/gSCOD_{prod}$. In methanogenic reactor, the gas production rate and methane content were 2.8 L/day($0.3m^3CH_4/kgCOD_{removal}@STP$) and 77%, respectively. With these operating condition, the removals of nitrogen and phosphorus were 94.1% as $NH_4-N$(86.5% as TKN) and 87.3% as T-P respectively.

Characteristics and Roles of the Submerged Separation Membrane in Anaerobic Digestion (혐기성소화에 있어서 침지형분리막의 역학과 특성)

  • Cha, Gi-Cheol;Chung, Hyung-Keun;Noh, Sao-Hong;Seo, Yang-Chan;Kim, Young-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.417-427
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    • 2000
  • The substrate metabolism and bacterial population in an anaerobic digestion with the submerged separation membrane were investigated by using a laboratory-scale reactor at the hydraulic retention time(HRT) 1.0 and 0.5 day. The removal efficiencies of carbohydrate at the HRT 1.0 and 0.5 day were 99.8~99.9% and 98.0~99.6%, respectively. After the 58 days, the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS) concentration at the HRT 1.0 and 0.5 day were approximately 6,050 and 7,750 mg/L, respectively. According to the measurement by the most probable number(MPN) method, the numbers of acidogenic bacteria, $H_2$-utilizing and acetate-utilizing methc.nogenic bacteria were found to be $10^9$, $10^7{\sim}10^8$ and $10^6{\sim}10^8MPN/mL$, respectively. The composition of $CH_4$ in the produced gas was 46~50%. It is suggested that sulfate-reducing bacteria $10^7{\sim}10^8MPN/mL$ play an important role in producing $H_2$ and acetate in sulfate-depleted environment.

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The Treatment of Source Separated Food Waste by Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion System with Leachate Recirculation (중온 침출수 재순환 혐기성 소화 시스템을 이용한 음식물류 폐기물 처리)

  • Cho, Chan-Hui;Lee, Byonghi;Lee, Yong-Woon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2016
  • In this study, mesophilic anaerobic digestion of source separated food waste was carried out by leachate recirculation system and methane gas was produced. Two systems - system A and B were fabricated and placed within water bath to maintain $36^{\circ}C$. Each system was comprised of an anaerobic bioreactor and a leachate tank. Leachate in bioreactor was separated through the screen located at 30 mm above the bottom and a pump was installed to transfer collected leachate to the leachate tank. Everyday, 2.5 L of the leachate was pumped from the bioreactor to the leachate tank for 30 min and transferred leachate was pumped back to the top of the bioreactor for 30min, sequentially. Source separated food waste used for this experiment was washed by water before transferring to the laboratory. Transferred food waste was warmed to $36^{\circ}C$ before being fed to bioreactors. System A was fed to 49.1 g VS (Volatile Solids) and System B was fed to 54.0 g VS at every two weeks, respectively. $NH_4{^+}-N$ and salinity were monitored to see the inhibition toward anaerobic bioreaction and it was found that concentrations of these materials were not high enough to affect the bioreaction. Although the food waste was fed biweekly for 112 days and 140 days at system A and B, respectively, there was no sludge withdrawal from each system. Average methane productions rates were 0.439 L $CH_4/g$ VS and 0.368 L $CH_4/g$ VS for system A and B, respectively.

Effect of Sludge Conditioner on Dewaterability of Sludge Produced from the Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste (음식물 쓰레기의 혐기성 소화 슬러지의 응집 및 탈수 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Jong-Bu;Choi, Sung-Su;Park, Seung-Kook;Hur, Hyung-Woo;Han, Seung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.104-110
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    • 2001
  • In this study, the effect of physico-chemical variables on sludge conditioning was determined to enhance dewaterability of effluent produced from the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. The gas production rate and methane content during the anaerobic digestion of food waste were $1.1m^3/kg$ VS and 63%, respectively, and the biodegradability of volatile solids was 87.5%. The concentrations of CODcr, TKN and TP of effluent from digestor were 18,500mg/L, 2,800mg/L, and 582mg/L, respectively. At the jar test to screen the flocculant for the dewatering of effluent from digestor, $FeCl_3$ and strong cationic polymer were effective on making flocs in the effluent. The condition of flocculation of effluent were 500mg/L of $FeCl_3$ and 50-100 mg/L of strong cationic polymer, respectively. As the result of measuring of dewaterability potential of effluent to determine the mixing ratio between $FeCl_3$ and polymer by capillary suction time(SCT), optimum condition was 500mg/L of $FeCl_3$ and 80mg/L of strong cationic polymer.

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