• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1995

Weldability of DS100 and HY type high strength-toughness steel plates, tentatively produced as domestic production, was investigated. DS100 and DS130A had nearly same hardenability in HAZ in spite of its difference in Ceq. Based upon the y-groove test results, cold cracking susceptibility of DS130 was superior to that of DS100 because of its lower hydrogen level in weld metal. Solidification cracking tested by the Trans-Varestraint test was occured in all of the weld metals, and its susceptibility was high in the row of DS100, DS130A and DS130B. However, no liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking tested by the Longi-Varestraint test with 6.0% augmented strain were detected in base metal and reheated weld metal. Toughness in the GMA welding joint was satisfied with the relative Mill Spec, even though welded joint of DS100 had relatively low impact energy especially at the weld metal.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1987

선박용 강판(KR Grad A-3)과 라임티타니아계 피복 아아크 용접봉(E4303)을 이용하여 대기중용접 및 습식 수중 용접하여 TRC 임계응력치, 열 사이클, 경도분포, 확산성 수소량, micro조직 등을 실험적으로 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. TRC 시험에 의한 초기 임계응력치 $\sigma$ 하(cr) 은 대기중 용접 및 수중용접의 어느 쪽에서도 Y groove 형상의 경우가 각각 71kg/mm 상(2), 51kg/mm 상(2) 로서 가장 높고, 반대로 45$^{\circ}$r 형 groove의 경우가 각각 52kg/mm 상(2), 41kg/mm 상(2)로서 최저이며, 수중용접부의 냉파괴 감수성이 대기중용접보다 높다. 2. 용접부의 경도는 조립 열영향부에서 가장 높고 대기중용접에서 약 H 하(k) 365, 수중용접에서는 급격한 냉각속도 때문에 약 H 상(k) 670으로 높게 되어 후자의 경우 파괴 감수성의 증가에 의한 낮은 임계응력치를 갖게 된다. 3. 48시간 동안의 확산성 수소량은 대기중용접에서 약 18cc/100g-weld-metal, 수중용접의 경우 약 48cc/100g-weld-metal로서 수중용접의 경우가 약 3배 정도 더 침입하고 있으므로 이의 방지책이 필요하다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15-15
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• 1987

선박용 강판(KR Grad A-3)과 라임티타니아계 피복 아아크 용접봉(E4303)을 이용하여 대기중용접 및 습식 수중 용접하여 TRC 임계응력치, 열 사이클, 경도분포, 확산성 수소량, micro조직 등을 실험적으로 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. TRC 시험에 의한 초기 임계응력치 σ 하(cr) 은 대기중 용접 및 수중용접의 어느 쪽에서도 Y groove 형상의 경우가 각각 71kg/mm 상(2), 51kg/mm 상(2) 로서 가장 높고, 반대로 45°r 형 groove의 경우가 각각 52kg/mm 상(2), 41kg/mm 상(2)로서 최저이며, 수중용접부의 냉파괴 감수성이 대기중용접보다 높다. 2. 용접부의 경도는 조립 열영향부에서 가장 높고 대기중용접에서 약 H 하(k) 365, 수중용접에서는 급격한 냉각속도 때문에 약 H 상(k) 670으로 높게 되어 후자의 경우 파괴 감수성의 증가에 의한 낮은 임계응력치를 갖게 된다. 3. 48시간 동안의 확산성 수소량은 대기중용접에서 약 18cc/100g-weld-metal, 수중용접의 경우 약 48cc/100g-weld-metal로서 수중용접의 경우가 약 3배 정도 더 침입하고 있으므로 이의 방지책이 필요하다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.396-401
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• 2002

A practical method for evaluating the possibility of the occurrence of cracking in actual thick-plate T-joint weldments is presented in this study. Systematic experiments based on the method of the design of experiment are conducted in order to investigate the crack tendency in relation to typical welding parameters such as diffusible hydrogen, restraint intensity, preheating temperature and so on. The elastic analysis using the [mite element techniques is employed to quantify the restraint intensities of the specimens. The defined restraint intensities are treated in numerical way for the sake of considering the most uncertain factor among some major factors that govern the cracking phenomena due to welding. The critical plane for judgment of the crack occurrence or crack density is presented as a function of typical welding parameters including determined restraint intensities. The results of numerical estimation by the proposed method for the experimental specimens show the usefulness as a practical tool in welding induced crack problem having extensive uncertainties.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2014

In the past, cold crack was commonly observed in the HAZ(heat affected zone) of high-strength steels. Applying to TMCP(thermo-mechanical controlled process) and HSLA(high strength low alloy) steels, cold crack tends to increase the occurrence in the weld metal. It is generally understood that cold crack occurs when the following factors are present simultaneously : diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal, a susceptible microstructure and residual stress. In particular, many studies investigated the microstructural effect on the cold crack in HAZ and the cold crack in weld metals starts to receive the special attendance in modern times. The purpose of the study is to review the effect of weld microstructures (grain boundary ferrite, Widm$\ddot{a}$nstatten ferrite, acicular ferrite, bainite and martensite) on cold crack in the weld metals. Among various microstructures of weld metals, acicular ferrite produced the greatest resistance to the cold crack due to the fine interlocking nature and high-angle grain boundary of the microstructure.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2004

A practical method for evaluating the possibility of the occurrence of cracking in actual thick-plate T-joint weldments is presented in this study. Systematic experitrients based on the method of the design of experiment are conducted in order to investigate the crack tendency in relation to typical welding parameters such as diffusible hydrogen, restraint intensity, preheating temperature and so on. The elastic analysis using the fmite element techniques is employed to quantify the restraint intensities of the specimens. The defined restraint intensities are treated in numerical way for the sake of considering the most uncertain factor among some major factors that govern the cracking phenomena due to welding. The critical plane for judgment of the crack occurrence or crack density is presented as a function of typical welding parameters including determined restraint intensities. The results of numerical estimation by the proposed method for the experimental specimens show the usefulness as a practical tool in welding induced crack problem having extensive uncertainties.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2011

Cyclic AMP receptor-like protein (Clp), is known to be a global transcriptional regulator for the expression of virulence factors in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Sequence analysis showed that Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) contains a gene that is strongly homologous to the Xcc clp. In order to determine the role of the Clp homolog in Xoo, a marker exchange mutant of $clp_{xoo4158}$ was generated. Virulence and virulence factors, such as the production of cellulase, xylanase, and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and swarming motility were significantly decreased in the $clp_{xoo4158}$ mutant. Moreover, the mutation caused the strain to be more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and to over-produce siderophores. Complementation of the mutant restored the mutation-related phenotypes. Expression of $clp_{xoo4158}$, assessed by reverse-transcription realtime PCR and clp promoter activity, was significantly reduced in the rpfB, rpfF, rpfC, and rpfG mutants. These results suggest that the clp homolog, $clp_{xoo4158}$, is involved in the control of virulence and resistance against oxidative stress, and that expression of the gene is controlled by RpfC and RpfG through a diffusible signal factor (DSF) signal in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae KACC10859.