• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2022

This study examined difficulties middle school students have in learning mathematics and proposed a flipped classroom consisting of Khan Academy activities, small-group problem solving, and mathematical modeling to help improve their learning. A mixed-method approach was used to identify difficulties students have in learning mathematics, explore how the flipped classroom helped them reduce the learning difficulties identified, and examine if there were differences in students' mathematics achievement and their affective characteristics after participating in the flipped classroom. Qualitative analyses showed that students had difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts and finding effective ways to learn as well as negative views towards learning mathematics. This study also found that each activity of the flipped classroom had a different impact on student learning. Before class, the Khan Academy activities were most likely to help students understand mathematical concepts. In class, small-group problem solving activities were most helpful for students who had trouble finding effective learning methods and environments. Mathematical modeling activities were most likely effective in changing students' negative views towards mathematics. A quantitative analysis showed that the flipped classroom not only significantly improved the students' mathematics achievement, but also positively affected their confidence and motivation and how much they valued learning mathematics.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2009

Purpose: To explore the barriers and solutions of immunization programs for children among vulnerable classes in the position of service providers in Community health centers. Method: Data were collected through focus group interviews with 3 groups (17 providers), and were analyzed according to the analytic method of Morgan (1998) and Krueger (1998). Results: The following five categories were identified: difficulties in obtaining a list of children among vulnerable classes, difficulties in first contact with them, difficulties in up-to-date immunization, various difficulties according to the types of vulnerable family and suggestions of solution. These results indicated that there are many difficulties in providing expanded immunization service for children among vulnerable classes in terms of manpower, cooperation of departments in public health centers and linkages between health and welfare. Finally, the characteristics of the types of vulnerable family need to be elucidated. Conclusion: To increase immunization rates among children of vulnerable classes, policies need to be prepared at the public health organization itself and the linkages between health and welfare and need for hiring additional personnel.

• 한국노년학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1429-1444
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 감정조절 어려움이 삶의 질에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지를 살펴보고 감정조절 어려움을 예방 또는 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 조사는 65세 이상의 노인대학과 경로당을 이용하고 있는 노인 345명을 대상으로 방문 조사하였다. 감정조절 어려움에 대한 측정도구는 Gratz와 Roemer(2004)가 개발한 것을 본 연구에 적합하게 재구성하여 요인분석을 한 결과, 감정조절 어려움은 5가지 요인으로 재분류하여 내적 감정반응 처리곤란, 표출된 감정의 통제곤란, 명확한 감정인식의 곤란, 감정대처의 어려움, 감정수용의 어려움으로 명명하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별과 수입유무, 경제적 상태, 과거 3개월 이내 입원력과 질환유무 등에서 개인특성에 따라 감정조절의 어려움에 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 노인의 삶의 질은 성별, 연령, 배우자유무, 거주형태, 교육정도, 수입유무, 경제적 상태, 과거 입원력, 질환유무 등에서 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인의 감정조절의 어려움이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 삶의 질 전체로 분석한 결과, 개인특성에서는 남성노인이, 수입이 있으면서, 질환이 적은 경우에 삶의 질은 높게 나타났다. 그리고 감정반응에 대해 처리가 곤란하거나 감정통제가 잘 안되고, 감정처리능력이 부족할 때 노인의 삶의 질이 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 감정조절의 어려움과 노인의 삶의 질과의 관련성은 높다고 할 수 있으며, 이러한 연구 결과를 기초로 개인특성에 따른 감정조절 어려움을 극복할 수 있는 접근방법과 노인의 감정조절 어려움을 다차원적으로 분류하여 경감 및 보완하기 위한 구체적인 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2008

In this investigation, various factors affecting manufacturing conductive inks are presented, examined and discussed. The discussion includes inherent difficulties in making conductive inks successful and at the same time offers ways in which these difficulties might be overcome. One of the solutions to overcome such difficulties is to use low melting metals and alloys. This aspect is also detailed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-186
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• 1999

This study investigated behavior problems of toddlers in the day care setting and difficulties of the caregivers due to such behaviors. The subjects were 24 toddlers enrolled in two day care centers and 56 caregivers at day care centers in Seoul. Toddlers were observed and teachers filled out questionnaires. Analysis of the data by $x^2$ and correlations revealed the kind of behavior problems frequently shown by toddlers, sex differences, differences between centers, and the caregivers' points of view regarding the frequency and difficulties of such behaviors.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2005

Problem solving is an important aspect of learning mathematics and has been extensively researched into by mathematics educators. In this paper we analyze the difficulties students encounter in various steps involved in solving problems involving physical and geometrical applications of mathematical concepts. Our research shows that, generally students, in spite of possessing adequate theoretical knowledge, have difficulties in identifying the hidden data present in the problems which are crucial links to their successful resolutions. Our research also shows that students have difficulties in solving problems involving constructions and use of symmetry.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2017

Feeding is an interaction between a child and caregiver, and feeding difficulty is an umbrella term encompassing all feeding problems, regardless of etiology, severity, or consequences, while feeding disorder refers to an inability or refusal to eat sufficient quantities or variety of food to maintain adequate nutritional status, leading to substantial consequences, including malnutrition, impaired growth, and possible neurocognitive dysfunction. There are 6 representative feeding disorder subtypes in young children: infantile anorexia, sensory food aversion, reciprocity, posttraumatic type, state regulation, and feeding disorders associated with concurrent medical conditions. Most feeding difficulties are nonorganic and without any underlying medical condition, but organic causes should also be excluded from the beginning, through thorough history taking and physical examination, based on red-flag symptoms and signs. Age-appropriate feeding principles may support effective treatment of feeding difficulties in practice, and systematic approaches for feeding difficulties in young children, based on each subtype, may be beneficial.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1976

단일 펄스의 Nd-YAG 레이저를 발생시키기 위한 Q-스인치로서 LiNbO3 크리스탈을 사용할때 생기는 난점을 해결하기 위하여 그 중계자 특성을 조사하였으며 간단한 해결 방법을 제시하였다. To eliminate some difficulties encountered in the operation of LiNbO3crystal as a Q-switch for generating a single pulse Nd-YAG laser, the operational characteristics of the crystal, was investigated. Also a simple method for solving the difficulties was presented.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.137-156
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• 2009

This case study examines language learners' oral interactive practices and what they learn along with these practices. Language learners who study abroad take on the challenge of living in a foreign place and undergo difficulties in communicating and interacting with people in their new country. These difficulties, caused by cultural differences, are experienced most particularly in their daily interactions. Language learners' trials and efforts to learn English while dealing with a different culture and the difficulties are mainly observed for this paper. The process of learning a second culture is closely related to the process of learning a second language. Oral interactive practices can give the study abroad language learners opportunities to learn their target culture. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss how participating in interactive practices assists the learners in understanding their target culture while they deal with their difficulties inherent in studying abroad. This study adds weight to the notion that culture is an essential and major factor in learning a language, and that only active participation in interactions can be effective in learning both a language and its culture.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2018

Exports play an important role in Korea's economy and industry. Korea's share in world trade is also increasing. Governments and trade organizations are making great efforts to promote exports. However, since SMEs lack resources of enterprises, SMEs have a lot of difficulties in increasing exports compared to large enterprises. For this reason, in this study, we analyzed the difference of perception of export difficulties according to characteristics of small and medium export companies. As a result, four factors such as overseas market information, price and cost, competitiveness and regulation of importing country were derived. In addition, we investigated the differences in recognition of export difficulties by the stage of growth of company, period of export, products exported, export department, size of company. There was a significant difference in recognition. Especially, The companies which are the early stages of growth, short export period, finished product, the smaller the size of exports companies are more difficult in export difficulties.