• 음성과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2004

The fundamental frequency of a vowel is known to be affected by the identity of the preceding consonant. The general agreement is that strong consonants trigger higher F0 than weak consonants. However, there has been a disagreement on the shape of this segmentally affected F0 contours. Some studies report that shapes of contours are differentiated based on the consonant type, but others regard this observation as misleading. This research attempts to resolve this controversy by investigating shapes and slopes of F0 contours of Korean word level speech data produced by four male speakers. Instead of entirely relying on traditional human intuition and judgment, I employed an automatic F0 contour analysis technique known as tilt parameterisation (Taylor 2000). After necessary manipulation of an F0 contour of each data token, various parameters are collapsed into a single tilt value which directly indicates the shape of the contour. The result, in terms of statistical inference, shows that it is not viable to conclude that the type of consonant is significantly related to the shape of F0 contour. A supplementary measurement is also made to see if the slope of each contour bears meaningful information. Unlike shapes themselves, slopes are suspected to be practically more practical for consonantal differentiation, although confirmation is required through further refined experiments.

• 치과방사선
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-49
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• 1987

Using ³H-proline as a radioactive tracer, the relationship between the ultrastructural differentiation and the site of protein synthesis has been investigated in developing red blood corpuscles. The general ultra-structure of erythropoietic cells in differentiation after 60 minutes of in vitro labeling has confirmed the results from previous investigations by Bessis, M., Thiery, J. and others. In dividing nuclei more than two-thirds of the labeling were present at the interface between heterochromatin and euchromatin. In less differentiated cells most of the grains in interphase cells was localized over the nucleus. As the cells continued to develope beyond a stage where cytoplasmic density was clearly increased over other cell lines in bone marrow, the majority of grains localized over the cytoplasmic area was decreased in more mature cells, as judged by the density of cytoplasm, and the structural changes in mitochondria, Golgi complex and polysomal configurations. These results show; 1) that the cytoplasm of erythroblast series does not change under in vitro conditions employed in the study; 2) that protein synthesis in the nucleus occurs largely at the interface between euchromatin and heterochromatin in active nuclei; and 3) that cytoplasmic synthesis of proteins continues to take place well into the normoblast stage solong as the physically visible polysomes are present in maturing red blood corpuscles.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1611-1620
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• 2010

This research compares the difference of each preference segments' subjective hands and sensibilities in order to analyze the correlations among preference, subjective hands, and sensibilities. Preference segments were classified into wool, acrylic, and long stitch length-preferred clusters in previous research. To evaluate the subjective hands and sensibilities of knit fabrics, the 20's and 30's women rated twelve knit fabrics by touching, using a questionnaire with a seven-point semantic differential scale. These twelve knit fabrics were differentiated by controlling the mixture ratio and stitch length using a computer-controlled automatic flat knit machine. The difference of each preference segments' subjective hands and sensibilities was determined using the conjoint analysis. The clusters perceived the subjective hands and sensibilities differently according to preferred constituent characteristics. There was no correlation between surface unevenness and preference in wool-preferred cluster, while there were negative correlations in other clusters. The acrylic-preferred cluster had a preference in coolness compared to other clusters; in addition, the long stitch-preferred cluster preferred flexibility/bulkiness and extensibility than the others. All clusters preferred modem and natural sensibilities that were caused by different constituent characteristics of knit fabrics.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1403-1414
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• 2010

Consumer decisions and responses about the price to pay vary. Some consumers might decide the appropriate price range prior to shopping, while others compare and evaluate prices. Especially, consumers can have different reference points for price evaluation based on various price searching behavior that represent heterogeneous responses for prices in the clothing purchase decision-making process. This research identifies how consumers evaluate the price and helps explain their decision-making based on price searches. By analyzing qualitative research, we found that consumers recalled price information as a representative indicator and product level price information through the internal search. Their level of internal references can be an important factor affecting price evaluations. In addition, each consumer groups were subdivided into high and low external searching. The four types of responses to price were classified in the price search process and the identified differences in the price evaluation. Therefore, pricing strategy needs to be differentiated for these various consumer types.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2011

The concept of the modern consumption is not limited to the value of use by mere purchasing and using of the products. The consumers in modern capitalistic society, consumes the semiotic value whose meaning is socially granted, as well as the value for using. Therefore, that tendency that the symbolic sign of the products is consumed to differentiate oneself from the others and express oneself appears. The designed hotel that reflects the features of sign consumption in the modern society and where the discriminate experience can be enjoyed through the unique and diversified design expression is drawing our attention. Therefore, in this paper, based on the theoretical consideration of semiotics, the tendency of sign consumption and its feature appearing in the modem society has been studied. And through the case studies of the hotels which have been built since the 2000s, how such features can be expressed in the space has been studied. As a result of the study, as for the features of expression of modern semiotic consumption society shown in the design hotels, the diversity breaking from the uniformity by the diversified thinking, the hybrid attribute, and the attribute of the differentiated entertaining images, based on hedonism, the inherent symbols and narrative attribute, and the flexible interactions through the experience of emotional consumption, are appearing.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2004

Five isolates of Belonolaimus longicaudatus collected from different geographical locations and hosts in southeastern United Stated were tested to determine their host specificity and reproductive compatibility. Both the Georgia and Lake Alfred isolates reproduced well on cotton, bermudagrass, and citrus. On the other hand, the North Carolina and Gainesville isolates reproduced poorly on all crops. The Hastings isolate reproduced well on cotton and potato. The Lake Alfred and Hastings isolates showed greater host specificity to their original host of citrus and potato, respectively. Except for the Hastings isolate, all isolates reproduced poorly on potato, which clearly differentiated the Hastings isolate from others (P>0.05). Hybridization test presented reproductive compatibility among five different isolates of B. longicaudatus by generating F$_1$ offspring. The Gainesville males showed comparatively poor ability to fertilize other females and generated a lower number of offspring. In contrast, the North Carolina males were attracted by all the other isolates of sting nematode, and produced the highest number of juveniles.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.501-505
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• 2007

최근에 한국과학기술정보연구원은 계량서지분석에 활용하기 위한 독립형 데이터 분석 시스템 Knowledge Matrix를 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 시스템의 성능 수준을 이 분야에서 잘 알려진 분석툴인 VantagePoint와 BibTechMon과 비교분석 하였다. 기능 비교는 데이터, 행렬, 분석, 시각화, 데이터 전처리 부문에서 수행 하였다. 분석결과 각 분석툴의 특장점이 서로 다르지만 전반적으로 KnowledgeMatrix가 좀 더 우수한 기능을 보였다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2017

Escherichia coli responds to ever-changing external and internal stresses by rapidly adjusting its physiology for better survival. This adjustment occurs at all levels including metabolites as well as mRNAs and proteins. Although there has been many reports describing E. coli's adaptation to various stresses regarding transcriptomics or proteomics, only a few investigations have been reported regarding this adaptation viewed from metabolites' perspective. We applied four different types of stresses at four different doses as imposed by NaCl, sorbitol, ethanol, and pH to investigate the similarities or differences among the stresses, and which stress causes the largest perturbation of the metabolite composition. We profiled the metabolites under such external stresses by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and identified 39 metabolites including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and nucleic acids. According to our statistical analysis, the osmotic stress caused by sorbitol differentiated itself from others, while NaCl showed the largest dose dependent metabolic perturbations. We hope this work will form a foundation on which an approach to a successful protein production is systematically provided by a favorable metabolic environment by imposing proper external stresses.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 기존의 한정합리적인 모델에서 자주 언급된 운전자의 인지의 한계와 정보처리능력의 한계에 초점을 두어 운전자의 경로선택 행동에 대한 모델링과 정보제공에 따른 운전자의 교통환경에 대한 신념(belief) 형성과정을 살펴보기로 한다. 나아가 기존의 운전자의 기대형성 및 경로선택 행동에서 자주 인용된 모델들이 가지는 문제점과 현실에서 도입을 위한 한계점을 지적하고 실제의 도로 네트워크를 가정한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 운전자의 이질 성에 따른 경로선택 행동과 운전자의 도로 환경에 대한 신념 형성의 과정을 모델링 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도로의 특성 및 운전자 그룹의 특성에 따라 운전자의 학습 과정과 정보의 가치가 달라짐을 확인 할 수 있었다. 먼저 교통량의 증가에 민감하게 도로의 혼잡이 심해지는 환경에서 정보의 효용이 커지는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 운전하는 횟수의 차이에 따라 정보의 가치가 차이가 남을 확인할 수 있었다. 나아가 한정된 교통환경하에서 매일 주행하는 운전자의 비율 차이가 운전자가 형성하게 되는 경로의 특성에 대한 신념의 차이로 이어짐도 확인할 수 있었다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.171-195
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• 2007

Gyeonggi rice has been placed relatively favorable market position in the domestic rice market. With the superiority of its quality, gyeonggi rice has been well recognized to consumers. The price of gyeonggi rice has placed higher position than that of others. But, gyeonggi rice are facing crisis on the competition by regional brands. Therefore, this study was carried out to find the differentiated marketing strategies on problem related with the product differentiation and brand marketing of gyeonggi rice. In order to find out how much the effort on the product differentiation of gyeonggi rice affects the price and brand recognition, fifty RPCs in gyeonggi province were surveyed. As the results, $22{\sim}23%$ of harvested rice which was gathered into RPC was come out 'obscurity of production origin' when we consider material hull rice in the original production territory by collecting time and channel. With comparing sales weight of gyeonggi rice by the place of shipment, agricultural cooperative channel was the highest by 44.7%. And, wholesaler comes to 17.7%, discount outlet store was 13.9%, large quantity delivery in business was 11.1%, and department store was only 5.2%. Finally, we could consider to adopt the traceability system on gyeonggi rice distribution system from production to consumers' table to get consumers' credibility and compete imported high quality rice.