• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.741-751
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• 2021

There has been a deep interest in trying to find better-performing fuel clad motivated by the desire to decrease the likelihood of the reactor barrier failure like what happened in Fukushima in recent years. In this study, the effect of move towards accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding as the most attracting concept for improving reactor safety is investigated for SMART modular reactor. These reactors have less production cost, short construction time, better safety and higher power density. The SiC and FeCrAl materials are considered as the most potential candidate for ATF cladding, and the results are compared with Zircaloy cladding material from reactor physics point of view. In this paper, the calculations are performed by generating PMAX library by DRAGON lattice physics code to be used for further reactor core analysis by PARCS code. The differential and integral worth of control and safety rods, reactivity coefficient, power and temperature distributions, and boric acid concentration during the cycle are analyzed and compared from the conventional fuel cladding. The rod ejection accident (REA) is also performed to study how the power changed in response to presence of the ATF cladding in the reactor core. The key quantitative finding can be summarized as: 20 ℃ (3%) decrease in average fuel temperature, 33 pcm (3%) increase in integral rod worth and cycle length, 1.26 pcm/℃ (50%) and 1.05 pcm/℃ (16%) increase in reactivity coefficient of fuel and moderator, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.3_1spc
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• pp.615-621
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• 2013

A blind system for window glass has been designed and manufactured as a CapStone Design project at Seoul National University of Science and Technology. This system automatically controls the interior illuminance to maintain a uniform temperature. The aim of this project was to support an air conditioning system and heating equipment to maintain a good indoor environment. Proportional integral differential (PID) control using cadmium sulfide (CdS) sensors was applied to control it. Polaroid film was attached to the new blind system to reflect sunlight. It was found that the system had the potential to reduce energy consumption and may be used with a building energy management system (BEMS).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.755-764
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• 2009

This paper presents a switched self-biasing and a tail current-shaping technique to suppress the 1/f noise from a tail current source in differential cross-coupled inductance-capacitance (LC) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). The proposed LC VCO has an amplitude control characteristic due to the creation of negative feedback for the oscillation waveform amplitude. It is fabricated using a 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS process. The measured phase noise is -117 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset from a 4.85 GHz carrier frequency, while it draws 6.5 mA from a 0.6 V supply voltage. For frequency tuning, process variation, and temperature change, the amplitude change rate of the oscillation waveform in the proposed VCO is 2.1 to 3.2 times smaller than that of an existing VCO with a fixed bias. The measured amplitude change rate of the oscillation waveform for frequency tuning from 4.55 GHz to 5.04 GHz is 131 pV/Hz.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5A
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• pp.255-266
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• 2012

Main cable of a suspension bridge is the important member which shows the overall structure integrity at bridge completion. Configuration of main cable is a free hanging state at cable erection completion and is different from that at bridge completion supporting the dead loads such as hanger, girder, and so on. Accordingly, the configuration control under cable erection is considerably significant because the configuration at cable erection completion has direct influence on that at bridge completion. That is performed by sag adjustments at center, side span and tension adjustments at anchor span. The former needs the sag sensitivity which represents the control quantity of strand length corresponding to that of sag. The latter requires the tension sensitivity which shows the change of strand tension according to that of strand temperature. In this study, the fundamental equations of cable were derived with the assumption of either catenary or parabola shape, the differential-related equations using chain rule on horizontal tension were drawn from those and finally the estimation methods of the sag / tension sensitivity were proposed from both those. The nonlinear numerical analysis flow charts of sag sensitivity based on the catenary equations were proposed and the sag sensitivities grounded on the differential-related equations were compared with the results using them for various parameters of sag change. Also, considering the combinations of sag change parameters, the calculation method of the final variation for the cable sag was suggested. For the real suspension bridge under construction with PPWS method, the sag/tension sensitivity were estimated considering the construction conditions like the change of PPWS length, PPWS temperature, bridge span, etc.. We hope that this study will be a systematic guideline for the configuration control under main cable erection and improved highly by field verification in the real bridge site.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.42-48
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• 2008

This study was conducted to discuss the effects of hardener and extender contents on peak temperature, reaction enthalpy (${\Delta}H$), gelation time, viscosity change, and pH value in three types of UMF (urea-melamine- formaldehyde) resin with the help of perpHecT LogR meter, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES), The results indicated that the pH value of Control A steeply decreased to 5,2 in the early stage but relatively remained constant thereafter as in Synthesis 1 and Synthesis 2, The peak temperature and time decreased as well, whereas ${\Delta}H$ and viscosity increased with the increase of hardener content. On the other hand, ${\Delta}H$ was not changed up to the extender content of 5% and then decreased with its further addition, And the pH value and peak temperature showed no change with the increase of extender content at the hardener content of 5% in three types of UMF resin, The effect of hardener content in this experiment, however, appeared more conspicuous in Control A than in the other two types of Synthesis 1 and Synthesis 2, These results might be caused by higher molecular weight with longer chains of methylene ($-CH_2-$) and methylene ($-CH_2-O-CH_2-$) ether bridges or much more branched chains in Control A.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1029-1062
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• 2016

In this research, the nonlinear free vibration analysis of boron-nitride micro ribbon (BNMR) on the Pasternak elastic foundation under electrical, mechanical and thermal loadings using modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) is studied. Employing the von $K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ nonlinear geometry theory, the nonlinear equations of motion for the graphene micro ribbon (GMR) using Euler-Bernoulli beam model with considering attached mass and size effects based on Hamilton's principle is obtained. These equations are converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations by elimination of the time variable using Kantorovich time-averaging method. To determine nonlinear frequency of GMR under various boundary conditions, and considering mass effect, differential quadrature element method (DQEM) is used. Based on modified strain MSGT, the results of the current model are compared with the obtained results by classical and modified couple stress theories (CT and MCST). Furthermore, the effect of various parameters such as material length scale parameter, attached mass, temperature change, piezoelectric coefficient, two parameters of elastic foundations on the natural frequencies of BNMR is investigated. The results show that for all boundary conditions, by increasing the mass intensity in a fixed position, the linear and nonlinear natural frequency of the GMR reduces. In addition, with increasing of material length scale parameter, the frequency ratio decreases. This results can be used to design and control nano/micro devices and nano electronics to avoid resonance phenomenon.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1256-1258
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• 2003

The solar cells should be operated at the maximum power point because its output characteristics are greatly fluctuate on the variations of insolation, temperature and loads. To obtain maximum power from solar cell, photovoltaic system cell power system usually requires maximum power point tracking controller. This paper propose Maximum power point tracking method using zero slope of differential value of maximum power. The power compare method traces to maximum power point rapidly but oscillate on the maximum power point largely, when quantity insolation variation is big. The power compare method is traces to maximum power point slowly but oscillate maximum point on the maximum power point smally, when quantity insolation variation is small. To solve two problem of the power compare method, designed zero slope of differential value of maximum power.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.304-311
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• 2008

This study examined Jeung-pyun(JP) Retrogradation in samples containing 3% whole protein, 7S protein, or 11S protein(w/w) that were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 6, 12, 24 and 72 hr. Rheometery and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were used in the analysis. The pH of the dough decreased during the fermentation process, but it increased after steaming. The JP prepared with soybean protein isolate(SPI) had higher pH than the control group. During storage the textural characteristics of the JP showed effects according to the additions of SPI. After 6 hr of storage, the JP samples containing soybean flour, whole protein, 7S protein, and 11S protein had lower hardness valuse. From 4 hr to 12 hr, higher springiness values were found in the samples containing whole protein, 7S protein and 11S protein. At 0 hr, the control group had the highest cohesiveness value, but after 24 hr it presented the lowest value. For gumminess, after 6 hr of storage, the control group offered the lowest value. Whereas after 12 hr of storage the whole protein group showed the highest value, and at 24 hr, the whole protein, 7S protein, and 11S protein groups had higher values. According to the DSC results, the 11S protein group had lower enthalpy values(${\bigtriangleup}H$) suggesting that adding 11S protein to JP might improve starch retrogradation. After 72 hr of storage, the control group had the highest onset temperature($T_{o}$) and peak temperature($T_{p}$) whereas the 7S and 11S protein JP samples had higher conclusion temperatures($T_{c}$). Therefore, based on the different analysis result between the control and treatment groups, the addition of SPI to Jp had effects on retrogradation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1008-1014
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• 2019

This study investigated the effects of pressure-mediated protein changes on the ice nucleation temperature of pork loins. To variate chemical state of meat proteins, pork loin was pressurized at varying pressure levels (100-500 MPa) for 3 min, and moisture content, expressible moisture (EM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Although, all treatments showed similar moisture content, EM and degree of protein unfolding of pork loin showed different features as of 300 MPa. At moderate pressure treatments (100-200 MPa), all protein fractions were detected in DSC experiments, and pork loin had lower EM than control (p<0.05). Meanwhile, myosin and actin of pork loin treated at greater than 300 MPa were completely unfolded, and the treatments showed high EM compared to control (p<0.05). Unfolding of meat proteins was a factor suppressing ice nucleation, and the ice nucleation temperature tended to decrease with increasing applied pressure level. The ice nucleation characteristics of pressurized pork loin exhibited a potential application in freezing storage of pressurized meat with less tissue damage comparing to freeze fresh meat, and further exploration regarding the quality change after freezing of fresh and pressurized meat was warranted.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2010

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the shape control of plates via embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. An extensive body of literature proposes the use of SMA wires to actively modify the shape or stiffness of a structure; in most cases, however, the study focuses on modeling and little experimental data is available. In this work, a simple proof of concept specimen was built by attaching four prestrained SMA wires to one side of a carbon fiber laminate plate strip. The specimen was clamped at one end and tested in an environmental chamber, measuring the tip displacement and the SMA temperature. At heating, actuation of the SMA wires bends the plate; at cooling deformation is partially recovered. The specimen was actuated a few times between two fixed temperatures $T_c$ and $T_h$, whereas in the last actuation a temperature $T_f$ > $T_h$ was reached. Contrary to most model predictions, in the first actuation the transformation temperatures are significantly higher than in the following cycles, which are stable. Moreover, if the temperature $T_h$ is exceeded, two separate actuations occur during heating: the first follows the path of the stable cycles; the second, starting at $T_h$, is similar to the first cycle. An interpretation of the phenomenon is given using some differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements. The observed behavior emphasizes the need to build a more comprehensive constitutive model able to include these effects.