• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-149
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the brand awareness, attributes and purchase behaviors for luxury products in the age of mcluxury. In-depth interviews were conducted to 18 consumers(10 singles, 8 married) in the age range of 20~49 and having purchased luxury products twice in last 1 year. The interviews were directed by a trained mediator according to the interview guidelines and recorded. Interviewees were asked to talk freely and protocols were made for data analysis. Similarities were found regarding the salient attributes, brand awareness of luxury products as known in general; however, the perceived importance of each attribute of luxury products seemed to be changed as mcLuxury has continued. Moreover, the consumers' attitudes toward the luxury products consumption tended to become favorable than before, and the motives to buy luxury products were more value-oriented and self fulfillment rather than display one's wealth. The buying behaviors of luxury products vary among different age groups. However, most of them tended to purchase luxury products at duty-free shops and premium outlets while traveling abroad, or bought them on sale at domestic department stores.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.835-840
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• 2021

This study was conducted to understand the quality characteristics of 89 types of commercial salt-fermented fishery products by measuring their physiochemical compositions and biogenic amine contents. All samples had the following measurements; 41.59-89.20 g/100 g of moisture, 1.71-25.70 g/100 g of salinity, 3.21-7.05 of pH, 0.80-2.93 g/100 g of total nitrogen, 87.02-1,296.78 mg/100 g of amino nitrogen, and 7.30-926.34 mg/100 g of volatile basic nitrogen. The physicochemical components differed extensively between samples from different raw materials, including, fish, shellfish, and others. Histamine (0 to 1,072.2 mg/kg), putrescine (0 to 2,536.4 mg/kg), cadaverine (0 to 545.2 mg/kg of cadaverine), tryptamine (0 to 1,287.9 mg/kg), and tyramine (11.3 to 563.3 mg/kg) were the major biogenic amines detected in the samples. These findings suggest that salt-fermented fishery products meet the domestic criteria but have different ingredient compositions and most had high biogenic amine contents. The results suggest that it is necessary to establish criteria for evaluating the quality characteristics using the ingredient composition and biogenic amine contents of commercial salt-fermented fishery products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.340-346
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• 1996

In order to find out if staphylococci occur in significant numbers in Korean fermented fish products, a total of 40 different fermented fish products were collected from different markets in Korea and analyzed for their physico-chemical and microbiological states. The pH, salt concentration and water activity of the products were measured and the total viable cell count and the number of Staphylococcus grown on mannitol salt agar were determined. The identification of the strains of Staphylococcus were made by API Staph Strip and MIS identification kits, and the physiological properties of the identified strains were further characterized by different conventional methods. The pH, salt content and water activity of fermented fish samples varied widely from 4.8 to 7.1, 7.4-28.7$%$ and 0.77-0.84, repectively, depending on the type of product. The total viable cell count varied from $10^4-10^9$ cfu/ml, and most of the samples had $10^5-10^6$ cfu/ml No correlation was found between the viable cell count and the pH, NaCl concentration and water activity of the samples. Among the 35 colonies identified as Staphylococcus strains by the identification kits, S. xylosus was the most frequently occurring strain marking 17, and S. warneri was 8, S. epidermidis 4 and S. cohnii 2. S. hominis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus and S. aureus were also identified once each. In some samples (K-3, P-6, K-8, G-5 and G-10), 2-3 different species of Staphylococcus were found. Considering the region of sampling, among the 10 samples from Kunsan 5 were identified as S. warneri, while in the other regions S. xylosus was predominant. Although the physiological characteristics of the identified strains were generally consistent with those in Bergey's Manual, some discrepances were also observed. All the strains were highly salt tolerant, growing in the media containing over 18$%$ NaCl. All the strains except S. aureus (G-11) showed negative in hemolysis activity, plasma coagulation and DNase tests. All the strains including S. aureus (G-11) showed negative in enterotoxin test.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Our government finally understood the true meaning of this wisdom and is attempting to revive the rural area by establishing local produce exhibition hall. This is to allow different regions to promote their specialties and provide diverse experience to the public. However, the reality is that unstructured marketing and PR is not achieving much. Marketing in the past was a paradigm of function and benefit. As we passed 20th century, this was challenged, leading to experiential marketing. Customers' cultural urge and interest in experience and participation are getting stronger. With the facilitation of Promotion Center for local special products, local special products and relevant local communities will be promoted, and the distribution business will grow further. This research was performed to establish basic research materials for planning information center in order to invigorate regional products. This study brought about the following results: first, the Promotion Center for local special products can acquire emotional elements by associating the elements with local special products; secondly, the Promotion Center for local special products can acquire cognitive elements by harmonizing local communities' unique identities with their own other special products; thirdly, the Promotion Center for local special products can acquire behavioral elements by enjoying various experiences and events; fourthly, the Promotion Center for local special products can acquire relational elements by integrating other new spaces.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-169
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• 2007

By the environment-friendly(hereafter EF) agricultural policy and toward the safety food of consumers, there is much glowing supply and demand fur EF agricultural products, in Korea. But, in general, EF agricultural products are blown as unique, unreasonable and high price system. This study aims to make clare the main bodies and competition structure in EF agricultural products and the different from the agricultural products. The mail results of this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, farmers and consumers directly participate in the distribution, and the major distributors participate in the market of EF agricultural products after the certification system is got ready. Because EF agricultural products is not dealt and the price system is not built up in agricultural wholesale market. Secondly, the distribution route of EF agricultural products is organized the unified organization by the main bodies such as farmers, consumers co-op, and special distributors. In any step of distribution, the main body of distribution surely deals with the contracted farmers, consumers co-op, and special distributors. Accordingly, it is said that EF agricultural products has the competition structure between the distribution route organized the unified organization rather than between main bodies in the each steps of distribution.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2022

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution era, with its accelerating radical changes and innovation, fashion is rapidly advancing to sustain social changes introduced by technological convergence. In light of this, the study investigates the social and cultural characteristics of technologizing fashion products: creative modifications emerge from technological convergence with fashion products and result in a realm separate from technology. By focusing on the nature of fashion, this study analyzes the technologization of fashion products for added value creation in the fashion system. Based on the findings, it interprets different attitudes toward technologizing that changes fashion products. Accordingly, this study reviews previous literature and qualitatively examines empirical cases based on inductive reasoning. In particular, it analyzes commercialized cases of fashion-technology convergence in fashion products found on online fashion media outlets between January 2007 and May 2021, a central period in intellectual and technological innovation. The characteristics of technologized fashion products are identified as follows: expansion of physical functions and categories, interaction with emotional sensibilities, artistry through combination with technologies, and computer-generated imagery(CGI) fashion as digital goods. Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of technologization, focusing on the social and cultural properties of fashion products. The findings provide opportunities to understand the paradigm shift of these products that was catalyzed by technologizing.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2024

Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia, and to test the hypothesis that production area or production methods can impact the chemical composition of wheat co-products. Methods: Samples included seven barley grains, two malt barley rootlets, one corn gluten feed, one corn gluten meal, one corn bran, eight wheat brans, one wheat mill mix, and four wheat pollards. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, and insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber. Malt barley rootlets and wheat co-products were also analyzed for sugars. Results: Chemical composition of barley, malt barley rootlets, and corn co-products were in general similar across countries. Wheat pollard had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium compared with wheat bran, whereas wheat bran had greater (p<0.05) concentration of copper than wheat pollard. There were no differences in chemical composition between wheat bran produced in Australia and wheat bran produced in Thailand. Conclusion: Intact barley contains more starch, but fewer AA, than grain co-products. There were only few differences in the composition of wheat bran and wheat pollard, indicating that the two ingredients are similar, but with different names. However, corn gluten meal contains more protein and less fiber than corn bran.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.5 s.118
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• pp.60-65
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• 2006

The physical and mechanical properties of linerboard were shown to be affected by changing atmospheric conditions. Two atmospheric conditions were measured in order to investigate how they were affected by different atmospheric conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of domestic linerboard. The basis data set for the standardization research was provided in this study. It is confirmed that the relative humidity seemed to be a major factor on the quality deterioration of a linerboard. Experimental results have shown that the short span compression test (SCT) could be used to evaluate the quality characteristics of linerboardat different moisture content and relative humidity.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.29-50
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• 2020

Although companies perform societal marketing activities across different cultural regions, previous research was predominantly centered on a specific cultural region-the West. To address this limitation in the literature, the current research examines societal marketing in the Chinese market considering cultural characteristics. China has become the largest market in the world with great potential growth for its vast consumer base. Since there is heterogeneity among regions in China, it is imperative to divide China into several markets for better understanding. Thus, this study investigates different responses of Chinese regional (coastal vs. inland) consumers toward Cause-related Marketing (CM). Our findings reveal that Chinese consumers, in general, prefer utilitarian CM products compared to hedonic CM products, which is the opposite result of findings of the previous research. Further, this was truer for consumers in inland regions, while coastal consumers did not display any preference by product type. The academic and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

Purpose - Increasing sales of PB rice products can hinder the growth of domestic brands of rice, notwithstanding that the government is promoting domestic brands of rice. This analysis evaluated the influencing relationship among the variables of PB image, product credibility, and purchase intention of consumers who have never bought PB rice, to know the factors influencing consumers' decisions to purchase PB products. Research design, data, and methodology - PB products' brand image was analyzed as the factor that has a direct effect on purchase intention. The mediation effect of credibility on PB products is also analyzed, in terms of influencing the relationship between PB products' brand image and purchase intention. The analysis is performed on consumers that have not purchased a PB product and consumers who have purchased PB products from major distributors. Data is collected through questionnaires, from 389 of responders, and the AMOS 19.0 statistics package is used as a statistical tool. Results - It is proven that brand image has direct effects on the credibility of the product, and the credibility of product has a direct effect on purchase intention. However, it is revealed that brand image does not directly affect purchase intention, but that brand image indirectly affects it through the credibility of the product. Although the customers' recognition about PB image is low, the result shows that PB products' external attributes have effects on customers' purchase intention relating to the PB product. Therefore, it is important to establish the credibility of the PB product more than other products in terms of marketing. Conclusions - The following are the implications of the study. First, in a rice brand promotion, the credibility of the product should be ensured by a uniform brand image. To ensure the credibility of a product, the RPC brand and other brands should be unified, and the unified brand image should be applied to every product. Second, the package must possess a design as well as contents that could build consumers' perception of product credibility. Products' external attributes contribute to their credibility, which leads the consumers to purchase the products, including those consumers who have never bought PB rice products. Therefore, the products' credibility and sales can be reinforced by applying information about consumers' considerations when buying the PB rice product in different colors, font sizes, and packaging designs. This study is meaningful in two ways. First, it seeks to identify an NB revitalization strategy by exploring the purchasing behavior of customers who have no experience in buying PB rice products. Second, the results of previous studies about general brands are considered and applied in this study in order to investigate the influencing relationship among different factors of PB products. However, this study is a consumer awareness investigation; therefore, its results only have limited meaning to the relationship between brand image and purchase intention.