• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.614-620
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• 2011

This study attempted to identify differences in Korean food consumption behaviors between groups of Japanese consumers segmented in accordance to their food-related lifestyles. This study was performed to provide Korean food service companies basic information to implement a strategy for the globalization of Korean food. As a result of the empirical analysis, the food-related lifestyles of Japanese consumers were deduced to the following four factors: "health and safetyoriented lifestyle", "palate and safety-oriented lifestyle", "economic efficiency-oriented lifestyle", and "simplicity-oriented lifestyle". Further, as a result of the cluster analysis, food-related lifestyles were classified into the following three groups: "a group highly interested in food-related life", "an economic efficiency-oriented group", and "a simplicity-oriented group". Second, there were significant differences in demographic characteristics and the characteristics of Korean food consumption behaviors between the groups. Third, also in a comparison of satisfaction with and loyalty to Korean restaurants with crucial attributes during the selection of Korean food, there were significant differences between the groups. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various Korean food products that will cater to Japanese consumers in accordance with each segmented group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify 24 hours blood pressure variations among adults over 40 years of age. Method: The participants(50 adults) were recruited from P hospital and B company. The participants were divided into normotensive and hypertensive tendency groups and then sub-divided into non-dipper, dipper, and extreme dipper. The data were collected from April, 2003 to September, 2004 and analyzed using SPSS for Window program. Results: 1) There were significant differences in cardiovascular risk factor, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and LDH, diet between the normotensive and hypertensive tendency groups. 2) Dippers in both groups showed a marked decrease in blood pressure during the night, but non-dippers in both groups didn't show a marked nocturnal decrease in blood pressure. 3) There were significant differences in heart rate, WHR, BMI, LDH, triglyceride, glucose, affective-oriented coping strategies between dippers and non-dippers. 4) There were significant differences in heart rate, WHR, BMI, LDH, triglyceride, affective-oriented coping strategies between dipper and non-dipper within hypertensive tendency group. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to provide effective intervention in hypertension when applying 24 hour blood pressure monitoring.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2020

We conducted this study to identify the accommodation applications users' lifestyle types and the composition factors for consumers' accommodation applications selection attributes and to identify the difference in the selection attributes perception of accommodation applications between groups classified by user's lifestyle types. According to the study, 6 factors were derived as the accommodation applications users' lifestyle types and were named social/leisure-oriented type, fashion-seeking type, culture-seeking type, self-examining type, self-centered type, family-oriented type. Also 6 factors were derived as the accommodation applications selection attributes and were named convenience, interactivity, economic efficiency, transaction reliability, product reliability and informativeness. Valid clusters were divided into four groups and were named culture/tourism group, self-examining group, passive and cautious group and Social and practicality-seeking group. Most of the selection attributes perception of accommodation applications between groups had statistically significant differences(p<.05), except for some items of transaction reliability. Based on the results of this study, we should strive to establish effective marketing strategies that reflect differences in the selection attributes perception of the accommodation application between groups classified by users' lifestyle types.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2001

Objective: To assess the potential clinical utility of in-vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with various malignant and benign breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with untreated primary malignant breast lesions (group I), eight patients with untreated benign breast lesions (group II) and seven normal breasts (group III) were included in this study. In-vivo 31P MRS was performed using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. Because of the characteristics of the coil, the volume of the tumor had to exceed 12 cc (3×2×2 cm), with a superoinferior diameter at least 3 cm. Mean and standard deviations of each metabolite were calculated and metabolite ratios, such as PME/PCr, PDE/PCr, T-ATP/PCr and PCr/T-ATP were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: Significant differences in PME were noted between groups I and III (p=0.0213), and between groups II and III (p=0.0213). The metabolite ratios which showed significant differences were PME/PCr (between groups II and III) (p=0.0201), PDE/PCr (between groups I and III, and between groups II and III) (p=0.0172), T-ATP/PCr (between groups II and III) (p=0.0287), and PCr/T-ATP (between groups II and III) (p=0.0287). There were no significant parameters between groups I and II. Conclusion: In-vivo 31P MRS is not helpful for establishing a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions, at least with relatively large lesions greater than 3 cm in one or more dimensions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.165-183
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• 2005

Training in self-expression was provided 24 times over 8 weeks for 5-year-old children in two classes in A kindergarten at an elementary school located in G metropolitan city. The posttest conducted at the conclusion of the training session confirmed significant statistical differences between the two groups. All the subfields on initiative, such as emotional ability, communication, and achievement motivation showed significant differences between groups.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-204
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• 1999

The 20 five-year-old kindergarteners in the experimental group participated in 14 art criticism activities over an 8 week period. Analysis of the data by frequency, percentage, and t-test showed differences between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group improved in Visual Cue-Attendance and Evaluative Judgmental categories. Children in the experimental group also showed higher scores in organization of pictures and materials in their expressive art work. There were no differences between groups in sequence and contents of expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.56-64
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• 2014

There were a total of 65 accidents of helicopers between 1990 and 2013. The overall accidents rate has remained around 8 accidents per 100,000 flight hours, and the fatal rate has stayed at about 8 accidents per 100,000 flight hours. In this study, we conduct a series of statistical analyses to investigate the significance of latent failure of groups that operate the helicopter. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in the latent condition score for the 3 groups, with the lower accidents rate groups reporting better scores of latent condition. Results indicated that there are the significant differences of latent condition in accidents between groups of high accidents rate and groups of low accidents rate.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

Introduction : The aim of the study is to investigate the suppressive action of electroacupuncture on cold alloynia development in the rat model of neuopathic pain. Methods : To produce neuropathic pain, the right superior caudal trunk was resected $1{\sim}2\;mm$ between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. The rats were divided into control and four electroacupuncture groups: Two electroacupuncture groups were given 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture for 20 minutes everyday after the sacral nerve injury. Other two electroacupuncture groups were given 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture for 20 minutes just one session at one hour after the sacral nerve injury. The right point of Joksamni (ST36) was applied for electroacupuncture. The control group was induced neuropathic pain without electroacupuncture. The cold allodynia was assessed by immersing the tail in $4^{\circ}C$ water. The latency to an abrupt tail movement after rat tail immersion was measured with a cut-off time of 15 sec at 4th, 7th and 14th day after the sacral nerve injury. Results : The results were as follows; 1. At 4th experimental day, there were no significant differences between 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups and the control group. 2. At 7th experimental day, everyday 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups showed significant differences compared with the control group. But There were no significant differences between 2 Hz and 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups. 3. At 14th experimental day, everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group showed significant differences compared with the control group. But everyday 100 Hz electroacupuncture group showed no significant difference compared with the control group and everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group. 4. There were no significant differences between the control and 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups which were done just one session at one hour after the surgery. 5. Everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group showed significant differences in the one session of the 100 Hz electroacupuncture group. Conclusion : Everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture exerts a suppressive action on cold allodynia development in the rat model of neuropathic pain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2879-2883
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate differences in mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and relationships with clinicopathological features in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between Uygur and Han ethnic groups. Methods: The Scorpions amplification refractory mutation system (Scorpions ARMS) was used to measure mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the EGFR gene in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from NSCLC cases, and statistical analysis was performed to investigate links with clinicopathological features in different histological types of NSCLC. Results: Results from ARMS testing showed EGFR mutations in tumor tissues from six (6) of 50 NSCLC patients of Uygur ethnic group, with a positive rate of 12.0%; four of them (4) had exon 19 deletion in EGFR, and two (2) had L858R point mutation in exon 21 of EGFR. Statistically significant difference was noted in EGFR genetic mutation between adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), but no differences with gender, age group, smoking status, or stage (P > 0.05). EGFR mutations were detected in tumor tissues from 27 of 49 NSCLC patients of Han ethnic group, with a positive rate of 55.1%; 19 of them had exon 19 deletions, seven (7) had L858R point mutations in exon 21 of EGFR and one (1) had mutations in both exon 18 G719X and exon 20 T790M of EGFR. Statistically significant differences were noted in EGFR genetic mutations between genders and between adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma (P<0.05), but not with age group, smoking status, or stage (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were noted in the positive rates of EGFR genetic mutations in NSCLC patients between Uygur and Han ethnic groups, with lower positive rates for the Uygur cases.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2010

This study regarded fashion selection criteria as clothing consumption value and desired fashion images, and examined selection differences according to regional subculture groups. Clothing consumption value is a direct value that people seek with clothing products and a perceived value which is divided into emotional, social, price, quality values. Fashion image which is a feeling communicated to others by wearing a certain fashion style is the most superficial value. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed to test the differences between regional subculture groups in clothing consumption values and desired fashion images. We found some differences in clothing consumption value specifically in emotional value and social value. The group differences were remarkably significant in fashion image comparison. 'Kang-nam' group pursued 'lively', 'sophisticated', 'charming', feminine', 'gorgeous' image more than 'Kang-buk' group. While 'Kang-buk' group produced lower scores in ideal fashion images, the group had significant higher seeking in 'sportive' image compared to 'Kangnam' group.