• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study were to suggest the method of sex education by designing and implementing multimedia program about sex education, to search the efficiency between a teaching using multimedia program and a teaching of traditional method. To put above aims into practice, these were required : 1. are there any differences in the alteration of sex attitude according to teaching methods. 2. are there any differences in the completion of sex knowledge according to teaching methods. 3. are there any differences in the alteration of sex attitude according to learning level and teaching methods. 4. are there any differences in the completion of sex knowledge according to learning level and teaching methods. 5. are there any differences in the alteration of sex attitude according to sex and teaching methods. 6. are there any differences in the completion of sex knowledge according to sex and teaching methods. To carry out a reseach for this purpose, the subjects for this study were 160 sixth grade students from 2 elementary schools in Pu-Chun, Kyung Ki. The tools for study were two kind of questionnaires: sex knowledge test, sex attitude test. Each test consists of 20 items. Collected data was analysed with t-test by means of SPSS program. The main results of this study are as follow: 1. The Alteration of sex attitude according to teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods(P<.001). a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the alteration of sex attitude. 2. The Completion of sex knowledge according to teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods(P<.001). a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge. 3. The Alteration of sex attitude according to learning level and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the superior class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the alteration of sex attitude(P<.001). However, there was not a significant difference among teaching methods in the inferior class(P>.05). 4. The Completion of sex knowledge according to learning level and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the superior class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.001). Also, there was a significant difference among teaching methods in the inferior class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.001). 5. The Alteration of sex attitude according to sex and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the man class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the alteration of sex attitude(P<.01). However, There was not a significant difference among teaching methods in the woman class(P>.05). 6. The Completion of sex knowledge according to sex and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the man class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.001). Also, there was a significant difference among teaching methods in the woman class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.05).

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2008

The research was conducted to 100 child patients selected by random sampling, which got a Dentocult-SM test in the first visit and then was being continuously managed, out of child patients of a pediatric clinic located in Gyeonggi-do. The period of there search is one year from June 2007 to May 2008, Using Dentocult-SM test, we analyzed the correlation between the distribution of dental plaque, a streptococcus mutans in saliva and condition of dental caries cavity in the teeth of child patients, then we measured the distribution of a streptococcusmutans. According to SM score, we applied incremental oral heath care for child patients to clinical and obtained the following results, 1. In terms of the age of child patients in research, the number of 3 years old patients was 29(lst ranked), the number of 2 years old patients was 28(2nd ranked). 2. The result of SM score showed that female child patients(52.0%) was higher than male ones in negative, male child patients(52.0%) was higher than female ones in mild, female child patients(68.2%) was higher than male ones in moderate, male child patients(57.1%) was higher than female ones in severe. 3. At the first visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference between dt and dmft. We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 4. At the second visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 5. At the third visit, The SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 6. The comparison of dmft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative and mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in moderate and severe. 7. The comparison of dt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative, mild, and moderate, In addition to that, we can con firm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in severe. 8. The comparison of mt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild and moderate, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences m severe. 9. The comparison of ft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in negative, moderate, and severe. 10. According to the comparison of dmft index to the age, the 4 years old patients showed the highest number(5.50 in the first visit and 6,08 in the second one). In the third visit, the 6 years old patients showed the highest number(7.00). By the above results, we can find that the incremental oral heath care by SM score makes the results of oral care better. Therefore, the improvement or maintenance in oral health of child patients needs continuing personal oral health management and regular systematic management focused on prevention by the specialist.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the differences of perceived stress level and stress coping behavior for 360 elementary school children in rural area and 360 in urban area. The questionnaire survey was done from December 10 to December 20, 2001. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference of perceived stress level between rural and urban areas, but there were significant difference of stress coping behavior between them. 2. Significant difference of perceived stress level and stress coping behavior among groups of grade was found. 3. There was significant difference of perceived stress level and stress coping behavior between male and female. 4. There was significant difference of stress coping behavior according to perceived stress levels In conclusion, perceived stress level and stress coping behavior in elementary school children were different according to their grade and sex. It is important to teach them proper stress coping method, depending on their grade and sex. But, we have to focus on the development and application of stress self-control program, which enables children to cope with stress for themselves. Based on: 1. Before starting the study, the subjects should be examined about whether they have ever been on stress education program before or not. 2. The educational environments and the development and implementation of teaching program for the proper stress coping method are needed. 3. This study was performed through the questionnaire for perceived stress level and stress coping behavior, but various methods like observation, person-to-person interview should be used for the further in-depth study.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.181-211
• /
• 2002

본 고에서는 한국노동패널자료를 이용하여 승진가능성 및 승진경험에 있어 남녀의 성별격차를 실증적으로 분석하고 승진가능성 및 승진경험이 성별 임금격차에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 있다. 먼저 근로자의 특성과 승진경험과의 관계를 파악하기 위해 logit모형을 추정하고 의태분석을 실시하였다. 다른 설명변수를 통제하였을 때. 근로자가 현 직장에서 승진하였을 확률은 남성이 여성의 2배에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 분석대상을 승진가능성이 있거나 승진경험이 있는 임금근로자로 제한하면 성별 격차가 크게 완화되어 남성의 57.1%와 여성의 44.4%가 승진경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 여성 임금근로자의 70% 정도가 승진가능성이 없는 직종에 취업하고 있다는 사실을 반영하고 있으며, 승진가능 직종의 여성 취업확대가 중요하다는 점을 나타낸다. 또한 근속기간의 증가에 따라 남녀 모두 승진경험의 확률이 높아진다는 결과는 여성의 승진을 위해 경력단절 완화가 중요함을 시사한다. Oaxaca and Ransom의 방법론을 사용하여 성별 임금격차를 분해한 결과 인적자원, 거주지역 등의 설명변수가 임금격차의 62 9%를 설명하고 있었다 그러나 설명변수에 승진가능성 및 승진경험을 포함시켰을 경우에는 설명변수가 남녀 임금격차의 69.5%를 설명하였다. 승진가능성 및 승진경험이 성별 임금격차의 13.9%를 설명하여 임금에 미치는 승진의 중요성이 확인되었고. 여성의 경우 승진가능성 및 승진경험의 임금영향력이 상대적으로 높게 추정되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.728-733
• /
• 2011

This study was designed to analyze the results of stress index by heart rate variability test. The subjects were workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. The subjects consisted of 23,767 workers who had answered about questionnaires of a job position, age, smoking, drinking, exercise state and sex. The stress index(SI) and stress resistance(SR) were examined by SA3000P. We analyzed the differences of SI and SR according to job positions, ages, the state of smoking, drinking, exercise and sex by T-test or ANOVA with SPSS ver. 17.0. Regarding the differences of SI among job positions, the SI was highest in sales positions. Among ages, the SI was highest in 30s. In smoking, the SI was lower in non-smoking group. In drinking, there was no significant differences in SI. In exercise, the SI was lower in exercise group. In sex, there was no significant difference. The case of SR, SR was lowest in sales positions. Among ages, the SR was lowest in 40s. In smoking, the SR was lower in smoking group. In drinking, there was no significant differences in SR. In exercise, there was no significant difference. In sex, the SR was lowest in male. According to these results, we should establish the methods of controlling stress from the perspective of Korean traditional medicine.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2006

In this paper, our study focuses on obtaining the differences of emotional speech in three different vocal tract sections. The vocal tract area was computed from the area function of the emotional speech. The total vocal tract was divided into 3 sections (vocal fold section, middle section and lip section) to acquire the differences in each vocal tract section of emotional speech. The experiment data include 6 emotional speeches from 3 males and 3 females. The 6 emotions consist of neutral, happiness, anger, sadness, fear and boredom. The measured difference is computed by the ratio through comparing each emotional speech with the normal speech. The experimental results present that there is not a remarkable difference at lip section, but the fear and sadness have a great change at the vocal fold part.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2007

Utilizing the quantitative analysis methodology of questionnaire, the study explores the differences in the factors of achievement motivation, learning mathematics attitude and learning mathematics self-confidence and also the relationship between mathematics academic achievement and these factors in three areas in China. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The subjects from different development level areas have significant differences in motivation, attitude and self-confidence in mathematics; 2. The subjects from different areas who possess the same ethnic group have significant differences. But the subjects from same area who possess different nationalities have little difference. It can be concluded that that the differences in these factors can be contributed to regional differences, rather than to ethnic differences; 3. The subjects from undeveloped areas have significant gender differences, and the levels of males are higher than those of female.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.393-397
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted in an effort to determine the effects of various abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on the thickness and length of the transversus abdominis (TrA) when using lumbar stabilization exercises on healthy adults. Methods: 72 healthy adults were divided into four groups of 18 subjects each, to which different ADIM methods were applied. 1) a simple ADIM exercise, 2) an ADIM with pressure bio-feedback units, 3) an ADIM exercise with sling, and 4) an ADIM exercise with sling and vibration. Changes in the thickness and sliding length of TrA were measured when ADIM was conducted in the supine position prior to exercise and again when beginning the exercises. Following exercise, changes in the thickness and sliding length of TrA were measured using the same methods. Differences in group measurements prior to and following exercise were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. A paired t-test was applied to compare the before and after differences within each group. Results: Differences in TrA thickness change revealed that the ADIM exercise with sling and vibration group showed a significant difference in measurements taken prior to and following exercise. Differences in TrA length change revealed that the ADIM exercise with sling and vibration group showed a significant difference in measurements taken prior to and following exercise. Conclusion: ADIM exercise with vibration stimulation conducted in the bridge posture while in a prone position using a sling can be recommended as an effective exercise to improve the function of lumbar TrA.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1974

A study was performed to investigate the degree of similarities and differences in components of craniofacial complex between Korean twins and normal children by lateral cephalometric analysis. Dimensions of S-N, S-Ba, N-Ba, Go-Me, Ar-Go and Ar-Me were against linear measurement and angles of N-S-Ba and gonial against measurement in twins and control groups. The lateral cephalograms of twin were composed of 88 twins aged from 7 to 12:44 males aged 10.65 and 44 females aged 9.55, while those of 50 normalities were composed of 25 males and 25 females aged 10.9 respectively. In order to analyze growth proportion and sexual differences, twins were divided into 3 groups according to two year age intervals and the author compared male with female in 3 groups. For the purpose of observing similarities and differences in twins and normalities by sex, total twins were compared with normalities. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There was no difference in craniofacial complex between plotted angular normalities. 2. In general, the measurements of male were larger than both twins and normalities, but there were no statistical sexual differences in both groups. 3. The growth proportion of mandible by aging was larger than that of face twins and those of female significances of in twins. 4. The growth pattern of gonial angle showed slightly reducing tendency in twins by aging. 5. There was little difference in the growth proportion of both male and female.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.91-109
• /
• 2005

The goal of this research was to determine whether gender differences exist in impact force and impact shock variables at stance phase during a preferred running. Ten male and ten female subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Impact force was quantified by using a surface-mounted force plate. In addition, Axial accelerations of the tibias and mouth were measured using low-mass accelerometers. Comparison of parameters relating to impact force and impact shock which attained from time domain, and impact shock parameters which were analyzed in frequency domain were made between genders. The conclusions based on results were as follows; 1. There were no significantly differences in impact force, mouth and tibia acceleration peak in time domain between two genders. 2. The male group was greater in impact shock peak of PSD(power spectral density) at the tibia than female group(p<.05), but no differences in active impact of PSD at the tibia and the mouth between two genders. 3. Female subjects exhibited that a peak of impact shock attenuation analyzed in frequency domain moved toward a high frequency, but no difference in time domain between two genders.