• Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.240-248
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• 2018

Objective Determine differences between faculty, residents, and nurses regarding night shift preparation, performance, recovery, and perception of emotional and physical health effects. Methods Survey study performed at an urban university medical center emergency department with an accredited residency program in emergency medicine. Results Forty-seven faculty, 37 residents, and 90 nurses completed the survey. There was no difference in use of physical sleep aids between groups, except nurses utilized blackout curtains more (69%) than residents (60%) and faculty (45%). Bedroom temperature preference was similar. The routine use of pharmacologic sleep aids differed: nurses and residents (both 38%) compared to faculty (13%). Residents routinely used melatonin more (79%) than did faculty (33%) and nurses (38%). Faculty preferred not to eat (45%), whereas residents (24%) preferred a full meal. The majority (>72%) in all groups drank coffee before their night shift and reported feeling tired despite their routine, with 4:00 a.m. as median nadir. Faculty reported a higher rate (41%) of falling asleep while driving compared to residents (14%) and nurses (32%), but the accident rate (3% to 6%) did not differ significantly. All had similar opinions regarding night shift-associated health effects. However, faculty reported lower level of satisfaction working night shifts, whereas nurses agreed less than the other groups regarding increased risk of drug and alcohol dependence. Conclusion Faculty, residents, and nurses shared many characteristics. Faculty tended to not use pharmacologic sleep aids, not eat before their shift, fall asleep at a higher rate while driving home, and enjoy night shift work less.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-134
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• 2006

This study is conducted to examine how purchase behaviors of consumers have affected by the promotion of coupons in internet shopping mall. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying the differences In purchase behavior based on consumer's perception and experience of internet shopping mall coupons, and based on consumers' perception of cost and value of coupons, using a theoretic framework presented in previously conducted studies. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, based on the perception of coupons, there were significant differences in intent to use and intent to re-use at the time when coupons are offered, and at the time when coupons are offered, no significant differences were found between the level of interest and the importance of coupon at the time of visiting the shopping mall; however, significant differences were found in the overall purchase behavior based on perception of coupons. Second, when overall differences In purchase behavior based on experience in coupon use was observed, having experience in using coupons showed a higher average than did having no experience in using coupons, showing a significant difference. It was found that compared to those without experience in using coupons, those with experience with coupons had higher intent to use at the time when coupon is offered, intent to re-use at the time when coupon is offered, and higher level of purchase behavior In the importance of coupons at the time of visiting the shopping mall. Third, when relationship between purchase behaviors, cost of coupon, and perception of convenience was observed, a clear static relationship was found. This suggests that as the cost and perception of convenience of coupon increases, purchase behavior also increases. Such result suggests that there is a difference in purchase behavior based on experience in coupon use. When relationship of purchase behavior by variables of cost of coupon and perception of convenience is observed, it has a positive relationship with the perception that the use of coupon includes saving money, financial help, enjoyment of use, habitual use, has a short effective date, and has a negative relationship with the perception that it saves little money and is a waste of time. Therefore, it can be seen that purchase behavior has the highest relationship with enjoyment of coupon use and habitual coupon use. Such results suggest that purchase behavior will be significantly influenced based on cost of coupon and perception of convenience.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2023

Background: Preoperative traditional software planning (TSP) is a method used to assist surgeons with implant selection and glenoid guide-pin insertion in shoulder arthroplasty. Mixed reality (MR) is a new technology that uses digital holograms of the preoperative plan and guide-pin trajectory projected into the operative field. The purpose of this study was to compare TSP to MR in a simulated surgical environment involving insertion of guide-pins into models of severely deformed glenoids. Methods: Eight surgeons inserted guide-pins into eight randomized three-dimensional-printed severely eroded glenoid models in a simulated surgical environment using either TSP or MR. In total, 128 glenoid models were used and statistically compared. The outcomes compared between techniques included procedural time, difference in guide-pin start point, difference in version and inclination, and surgeon confidence via a confidence rating scale. Results: When comparing traditional preoperative software planning to MR visualization as techniques to assist surgeons in glenoid guide pin insertion, there were no statistically significant differences in terms of mean procedure time (P=0.634), glenoid start-point (TSP=2.2±0.2 mm, MR=2.1±0.1 mm; P=0.760), guide-pin orientation (P=0.586), or confidence rating score (P=0.850). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that there were no significant differences between traditional preoperative software planning and MR visualization for guide-pin placement into models of eroded glenoids. A perceived benefit of MR is the real-time intraoperative visibility of the surgical plan and the patient's anatomy; however, this did not translate into decreased procedural time or improved guide-pin position.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study is to provide clinical data when reverse-water's-view was carried out about pediatric who did not communicate by applying self-development jaw lift tool. This study were conducted in a subject of 23 children who examined revers-water's-view from 2013 July 6 to 2013 August 5 at our hospital. Two group time which were carried out revers-water's with tool and without tool were measured. also, Image of two group were evaluated. Evaluation data obtained by measuring the average difference were analyzed by independent-t-test. After apply self-development-jaw-lift-tool, time was reduced by 35.2%(36.6sec). the results indicated significant differences(p< .05). Image evaluation was increase 43.5%(1.03point), It was statistically highly significant difference (p< .01). If apply self-development-jaw-lift-tool in pediatric revers-water's-view, operator can provide fast, convenience, high quality image to pediatric.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acoustic characteristics of crying infants according to the communication intents such as hunger and pain in terms of acoustic differences in the fundamental frequency ($F_0$), jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio(NHR), habitual pitch, and intensity. The subjects were 20 healthy, normal infants, less than seven days old, from the city of Seoul and were born after 38 to 42 weeks(full term) of pregnancy. The sound of crying was recorded for three minutes. The crying due to pain was induced by means of the inborn metabolism error test, whereas the crying due to hunger was verified by means of the rooting reflex by waiting for the designated eating time. The results were as follows: (1) the fundamental frequency, noise-to-harmonic ratio(NHR), and intensity of the infants' crying due to pain was higher than that by hunger, showing a significant difference between the mean values. (2) the infants' crying due to hunger and that by pain did not have a significant difference in the mean jitter and shimmer values but both of them were largely outside of the normal threshold values(jitter by 1.04% and shimmer by 3.81%). This study was significant in the sense that it showed the acoustic characteristics of infants' crying from hunger and pain were very different from each other according to the communication intents in terms of the six acoustic parameters.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.864-872
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• 2008

This study investigated store attributes, VM factors, and store loyalty for store choice behavior by G sensibility types. A total of 425 usable questionnaires were obtained from students who enrolled at universities in Busan, Korea. For data analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and ANOVA were conducted by using SPSS 10.1. The major results were as follows: First, G sensibility was classified into five types: G1(My pace type), G2(Active type), G3(Whimsical type). G4(Mania type), and G5(Sensational type). Particularly, G3 was most highly observed in male and female groups. Second, there was significant difference in the importance of store attribute, such as merchandise assortment among G sensibility types. Third, there were significant differences in VM factors of store image, physical facilities, and display and layout among G sensibility types. Especially, G5 type consumers considered store image, physical facilities, and merchandise display and layout more importantly, than did the other types. Fourth, there was significant difference in store loyalty among G sensibility types. This study discussed managerial implications of visual merchandising strategy for apparel retailers.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was conducted with senior women of ages 65 in Community Center to identify effective exercise methods for preventing falling accidents by enhancing balancing skills through aerobic and foam roller exercise programs. There were 24 subjects : 11 aerobics group and 13 foam roller group. 30 minute exercise programs were conducted against both groups 12 times 6 weeks. Various tests, including Time up and go test, Forward reach test, One-leg standing with eyes open/closed and Y-Balance were conducted prior to commencing the exercise program. Wilcoxon's Signed-ranks test was executed to analyze the changes in balance of the aerobic and foam roller exercise group prior to and after the experiment, and Mann-Whitney test was executed to compare the difference between the two groups. The Y-Balance(post. medial) show statistically significant differences in the amount of change before and after exercise between the two groups, except for Timed up and go test, Forward reach test, Y-Balance(ant.), and Y-Balance(post. lateral), which did not showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Foam roller exercises are effective methods to enhance the balancing skills in senior women to prevent falling accidents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.175-189
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• 1994

This study examined the daily rhythmic patterns of mood in shift workers. Ten rotating shift nurses (shift worker group) were matched with ten non-rotating student nurses (non - shift worker group) working under the same conditions at University Hospital. The subjects completed the Mood Adjective Checkist (MAC) every two or three hours from 6AM to 9-11 PM for six consecutive days. The MAC was constructed by Mansour and conversed the mood factors of Anger - Depression. Happiness, Mental, and Social. These data were analyzed by using Cosinor method. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was no difference in mean scores for Anger - Depression, Happiness, Mental, and Social mood rhythm between the shift workers and the non - shift workers. 2. There was no difference in the amplitude of Anger - Depression, Happiness and Social mood between the two groups, but the shift workers had a higher amplitude of Mental mood. 3. The acrophases of the Anger - Depression mood were between 1:28 and 2:05, and those of Happiness, Social, and Mental mood were between 12:5 and 15:03 for both groups. There were no differences between the groups. 4. The number of the subjects with statistically significant mean cosinor rhythms for Anger-De-pression and Mental moods were higher in the shift workers than in the non-shift workers, but there were no differences between the shift workers and the non-shift workers in those of Happiness and Mental mood. This study showed that the mod manifested circadian periodicities, and a rapidly rotating shift system did not changed the circadian rhythm of mood. It is expected that this study will facilitate a better understanding of circadian rhythm in mood in the shiftworkers.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2021

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been used to alleviate proprioceptive damage by musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. However, no study has determined whether wearing shoes while applying WBV can affect proprioception precision of the knee joint. Objects: This study aimed to determine the differences in the proprioceptive precision of the knee joint before and after WBV and to compare the proprioceptive precision of the knee joint between barefoot and shoe-wearing conditions. Methods: This study recruited 33 healthy participants. A passive-to-active angle reproduction test was used to measure the proprioception precision of the knee joint using an electrogoniometer, and the target angle was set to a knee flexion of 30°. Proprioception precision was calculated using the error angle (angular difference from 30°). Proprioceptive precision was measured in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing positions before and after applying WBV for 20 minutes at 12 Hz in barefoot and shoe-wearing conditions. Mixed repeated analysis of variance was used to determine the differences in changes in the proprioceptive precision of the knee joint according to foot conditions. Results: There were significant improvements in the weight-bearing (p = 0.002) and non-weight-bearing (p < 0.001) proprioceptive precision of the knee joint after applying WBV. However, there was no significant difference in the change in proprioceptive precision of the knee joint after applying WBV between the barefoot and shoe-wearing conditions. Conclusion: WBV stimulation had an immediate effect on improving the proprioceptive precision of the knee joint. However, foot conditions (barefoot or shoe-wearing) during WBV application did not influence the proprioceptive precision of the knee joint.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to identify the clinical effectiveness of two different penetration depths of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Twenty-four patients requiring the removal of the upper first premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The control group participants did not undergo MOPs. Participants in the experimental group underwent three MOPs each at 4-mm (MOP-4) and 7-mm (MOP-7) depths, which were randomly and equally performed to either the left or right side distal to the canine. The retraction amount was measured on three-dimensional digital models on the 28th day of retraction. MOP-related pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Between-group statistical differences in the VAS scores were determined using an independent t-test and those in canine retraction were determined using analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test. Results: No significant difference was found between the MOP-4 (1.22 ± 0.29 mm/month) and MOP-7 (1.29 ± 0.31 mm/month) groups in terms of the canine retraction rate. Moreover, both the groups demonstrated a significantly higher canine movement than the control group (0.88 ± 0.19 mm/month). MOPs did not significantly affect the mesialization of the posterior teeth (p > 0.05). Moreover, the pain scores in the MOP-4 and MOP-7 groups were similar and showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Three MOPs with a depth of 4 mm can be performed as an effective method to increase the rate of tooth movement. However, three MOPs with depths of 4-7 mm does not additionally enhance tooth movement.