• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2010

Early results from a field trail of Agathis loranthifolia are reported from a progeny test of 100 open-pollinated families in west Java, Indonesia. The average of height and diameter at root collar (DRC) was 40.18 cm and 0.52 cm at age 15 months. Family survival rate ranged from 86.5% at age 10 months to 81.7% at age 15 months. Family means of 10 best and 10 poorest families for each trait indicated that there was a large difference of growth performances among individual families. For height and DRC growth, the poorest groups had averages of 33.98 cm and 0.43 mm while the averages of the best groups were 47.35 cm and 0.62 mm at age 15 months as a difference of 39.36% and 43.65%, respectively. Differences between the best group and the test population mean, which is the selection differential, were implying that genetic gain from selection for the improvement of height and DRC growth would be achieved. The family variances of DRC and height were relatively small compared to replicate and residual variances. Family heritabilities for both studied traits were fluctuated, and the genetic coefficients of variation for DRC and height at age of 15 months were 7.19% and 5.22%, respectively.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1963

It is well known that the graphite flakes become spherulite, when a suitable amount of nodulizing element, such as cerium or magnesium, is added to the cast iron. The change of graphite from flake to nodular shape improves not only the tensile strength but the ductility as well. However, the mechanism of spheroidization of graphite in cast iron has not yet been clearly understood, and various theories proposed by a number of investigators were such that it may be due to the special nucleation effect, prevention of flake formation by the adsorption of magnesium vapour on the graphite surface or file surface free energy difference between plain graphite and magnesium-adsorbed graphite. Regardless of the speculations of spheroidizing mechanism of the graphite in the cast iron, the final phenomenon comes to the conclusion that it may be due to the lack of wettability between graphite and iron matrix. In order to collaborate this fact through an experimental method, the authors have constructed a vacuum arc furnace for the wettability measurement as its first step. Our study and experiments were then directed to the comparison of the wettability between iron and graphite on the two cases (namely, the one where magnesium was preliminarily coated on the graphite surface and the other not coated), by means of contact angle measurements. The result was such that a significant difference of the contact angles has been shown between the above two cases. indicating the spheroidization of graphite which might have resulted from the lack of wettability between magnesium-adsorbed graphite and iron matrix.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1404-1414
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• 2004

This study examines how the stereotype in a society toward the roles of teachers and students affects their hair styles and ornaments and defines it through the cultural tag, 'like'. A survey of 362 male and female students in colleges located in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas was conducted. The data analysis was done by SPSS 10.0 and the difference of sample means between the groups in addition to basic statistics was evaluated. The t-test was made to test statistically significant difference between the groups. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows: First, the hair styles, shoes and ornaments that are recognized as appropriate for the roles of male students are short cut and black hair, sneakers and necktie. In that case of female students, medium and long hair style, black and brown hair, Loafer, hairpin and hairband are recognized properly. The hair styles, shoes and ornaments that are recognized as appropriate for the roles of male teachers are short cut and black hair, oxfords and necktie. In that case of female teachers, cut, medium, long, permanent and up style, 1)lack and brown hair, pumps, necklace, ring, earring, bracelet, hairpin, hairband, scarf and muffler are recognized appropriately. Second, the stereotype of male students and teachers's roles was more traditional, normative, and limited than that of female students and teachers's. The role of female teachers showed more generous than that of male students, female students, and male teachers.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.378-378
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• 1996

Human beings and chimpanzees are very much alike. and scientists say there is only 1% difference between them. Contrary to our expectations, the difference lies not in brains but in tracheas ( windpipes ). Those of human beings are bigger and longer than those of chimpanzees. Thu means more air is inspired and expired as breath. About breath there are interesting descriptions in the Bible. In the Genesis it says God made a man out of soil and breathed life-giving breath into his nostrils and the man began to live. In other part it says life exists between incoming breath and outgoing breath. Thus breath plays key role is our life. In Hebrew and Greek, breath and spirit are the same words. In Hebrew it is ‘Luahf’ and in Greek, ‘Pneuma’ With breath and mouth organs human beings produced voice, and with haritage and through leaning we train our voice to reach the level of language which convey our culture. My contention is to realize the gift of voice and train it so that it can perform proper function as a tool of conveying our thought and culture. This is a kind of practice of speech and it may be called speechology. It includes the following practical methods: 1. Try to read aloud. 2. Encourage recitation, 3. Make public speaking as possible. 4. Learn theories of phonetics; such as about pronunciation, accent, intonation, prominence, assimilation and so on.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the road safety of the super-elevation transition section of a left turn curve and suggest the minimum longitudinal grade of a super-elevation transition section to be used before and after a left curved section. METHODS : We evaluated the road condition by means of the safety-criterion-evaluation method involving side friction factors, and then solve the problem by introducing the minimum longitudinal grade criterion based on conditions described in the hydraulics literature. RESULTS : It was calculated that when a road satisfies hydroplaning conditions, the difference between side friction assumed and side friction demanded is less than -0.04. In this case, the safety criterion for the condition is unsatisfied. Conversely, when a road is in a normal state under either wet or dry conditions, it was calculated that the difference between side friction assumed and side friction demanded is more than 0.01. Thus, the safety criterion for this condition is found to be satisfied. After adjusting the minimum longitudinal grade applied to a super-elevation transition section, the hydroplaning condition can be eliminated and the safety criterion can be met for all sections. CONCLUSIONS : It is suggested that a minimum longitudinal grade should be provided on super-elevation transition sections in order to prevent hydroplaning.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1985

This study was attempted to investigate the relationship between the academic achievement and the internal and external motivation of academic achievement. Here, the internal motivation of academic achievement refers to the case that a student feels the necessity of study and h satisfaction, expects rewards, or has interest in his study; external motivation of academic achievement means that a student has outward motivation such as other's recognition, rewards, or compulsion. As the result of this study, there showed significant difference in the academic achievement in proportion as the level of internal and external academic achievement motivation (P<.001). the students with the higher internal motivation and the lower external motivation turned out to have the highest effect of academic achievement; on the other hand, the students with the lower internal motivation and the higher external motivation showed the least academic achievement. There was 11.60 points-difference on the average between those two groups in terms of grade. The academic achievement and the internal motivation shows significant correlation(r=.25, P<.001) while academic achievement and the external motivation presents negative tendency (r=-.10). Through the results of regression analysis, the estimation of the academic achievement by the two variables to academic achievement motivation was 6.22%(P=.0001)

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore family perception of adolescence through the Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD), and to explore its relation with the family system. The Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) and Family System Diagnosis Scale (FSDS) were administered to 356 adolescent children. Data were analyzed using the regression analysis and the discriminant analysis. The results were as follows: First, there was a significant difference among the KFD family adaptability variables of boys' KFD and the flexibility and rigidity variables of the FSDS in the family relationship. For example, That is; for sons', it means that if there is a greater the satisfaction for their family in their drawings, then the family relationship will be more flexible. Especially with the son's KFD, there was an indication that if there is a greater the activity level of the self, then he has more flexibility in his family relationship. Second, there is a significant difference in the relationship between the KFD family hierarchy variables of girls' KFD and the parent coalition·cross-generational triads variable of the FSDS. For girls 'KFD, the result of this study indicated that when there is a greater the distance between the father figure and the child figure, the cross-generational triads we greater.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.817-825
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• 2007

During thirty years, deterministic chaos has moved center stage in many areas of applied mathematics. One important stimulus for this, particularly in the early 1970s, was work on nonlinear aspects of the dynamics of plant and animal populations. There are many situations, at least to a crude first approximation, by a simple first-order difference equation. Past studies have shown that such equations, even though simple and deterministic, can exhibit a surprising array of dynamical behavior, from stable points, to a bifurcating hierarchy of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations. But higher-order spectral analyses of such behavior are usually not considered. Higher-order spectra of a signal contain important information that is not present in its power spectrum. So, if we find the spectral pattern and get information from it, it will be able to be used effectively in so many fields. Hence, this paper uses auto bicoherence and bicoherence residue which are sort of bispectrum. Applying these to behavior of logistic difference equation, which is typical chaotic signal, the phenomenon of phase coupling and the appearance of frequency band can be analyzed. Such information means that bispectral analysis is useful to detect nonlinearity of signal.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1570-1576
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• 2000

Objective : To evaluate objectively the sites of injury in patients with posttraumatic olfactory deficits and to suggest the diagnostic procedure for evaluation of posttraumatic anosmia. Methods : Ten patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction were examined by means of olfactory testing, sinoscopy, contrast filled paranasal sinus computed tomography(contrast filled PNS CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Five normal persons without olfactory dysfunction were also evauluated. The aerodynamic patency of olfactory cleft was examined by contrast filled PNS CT. The olfactory system(oflactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, inferior frontal region, hippocampi, or temporal lobes) was investigated in detail with MRI. The difference in the size of the olfactory bulb between normal volunteers and anosmic patients was evaluated by Student's t test. Results : Contrast filled dynamic CT scan was useful method for the evaluation of dynamic patency of the olfactory cleft. Paranasal CT scan of the all anosmic patients showed dynamic reflux of contrast media in olfactory cleft on valsalva maneuver. For the largest cross-sectional area and great height, the difference in olfactory bulb size between normal volunteers and patients was statistically significant(p<0.001) in MRI study. Conclusion : Posttraumatic anosmia was completely evaluated by olfactory testing, sinoscopy, and contrast filled CT scan for differentiation between conductive type and neurogenic type. Neurogenic anosmia was confirmed by perfect localization with MRI study.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2004

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the child rearing attitudes and the maternal role strain of mother with infants. Method: This study is designed as a descriptive research study and the data was collected from 82 mothers and infants by means of an interview and questionnaire in a period from July 2002 to December 2002, when they came to screen their infant's growth and developmental state at a public health center. Result: The results of this study were as follows: There was a significant positive correlation between the child rearing attitudes and maternal role strain(r.=.53, p=.000). There was a significant difference between the father's employment state and child rearing attitude of mothers(t.=5.22, p<.000). There was a significant difference between male infant and female infants in maternal role strain(t.=3.8, p=0.04). Conclusion: When the child rearing attitude was positive, the subject's maternal role strain was high. Also further research is needed on social support or other factors in the subjects in child-rearing attitudes and maternal role strain.