• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to determine the normative strength value for cervical flexors, extensors and right lateral flexors, left lateral flexors to provide a guideline for rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy patients. The isometric evaluation of cervical flexors, extensors and lateral flexors by using the Hand-held dynamometer was performed on 50 males and 50 females. The result were as follows. The average cervical muscle strength were 5.7 kg in flexor. 10.5 kg in extensors, and 6.6 kg in right lateral flexor, 6.5 kg in left lateral flexor. There was statistically significant difference between the cervical flexors and extensors(p<0.01) but no significant difference between right lateral flexor and left lateral flexor. There was statistically significant difference between male and female(p<0.01). When one of cervical muscle was strong, also the others did in subjects(p<0.01) and the body weight was significantly releated to the cervical muscle strength(p<0.01).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of recombinant BST formulation treatment on the milk yield, milk components, mastitis, and general cow health condition when the formulations of retinyl palmitate, cholecalciferol and rBST were administered after the peak period of milk production. The milk yields of treatment groups (Group I, II, III and IV) were increased from 21.5% to 29.0% than that of control group. There was significant difference in milk production between treatment group II, IV and control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in milk production between treatment group I, III and control group (P<0.05). And the addition of retinyl palmitate and cholecalciferol into rBST formulation did not increase the milk yield. The milk of treatment groups with sustained-release rBST did not show significant difference in milk components (milk fat, protein, lactose, and solid not fat). However, there were minor changes, primarily in fat content of milk, during the first few weeks of rBST administration. There was no incidence of clinical mastitis between rBST treatment groups and control group. Addition of high and medium concentration of retinyl palmitate and cholecalciferol into sustained-release rBST formulation was efficient in reduction of somatic cell count in milk. There was great energy deficit in all treatment groups compared with control group during the early study period. Thus, the body condition score of all treatment groups showed lower value than control group. No evidences of metabolic health problems, such as ketosis, milk fever, and downer cow were observed. Incidence of general lameness did not appear on all treatment groups during 140 days of this study.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study was to explore the development of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction and the perspective-taking ability and to examine its relation. The subjects were 104 children, 13 boys and 13 girls each at the age of 3, 4, 5, and 6. The performance of four age groups were compared on illusion appearance-reality, color appearance-reality, perceptual perspective-taking, and cognitive perspective-taking tasks. The data were collected by individual testing and analyzed by the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The major results were as follows. 1. In children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction, significant differences were found between 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds, and 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds. While between 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds showed no such differences. Besides, gender did not affect the children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction. 2. There was significant difference in performance according to the type of tasks. That is 3-year-olds perform better illusion appearance-reality distintion than color appearance- reality distintion, while 4, 5, 6 year old children's performance of color appearance-reality and illusion appearance-reality distinction showed no difference. 3. In children's ability of perceptual perspective-taking, significant difference was found between 3, 4, 5-year-olds and 6-year-old children. And in ability of cognitive and perspective-taking, significant difference was found between 3, 4-year-olds and 6-year-old children. Besides, gender did not affect the children's perceptual and cognitive perspective-taking. 4. The color appearance-reality distinction and perceptual perspective-taking showed significant correlation. That is, the children of high grade for perceptual perspective-taking were better understanding of color appearance-reality distinction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.3-7
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• 2004

An electric power efficiency of electrodeless fluorescent lamp has big relativie property of gas in lamp, gas pressure, lamp formation, ingredients of magnetic substance and shape and action frequency etc. We used magnetic substance that open self-examination material of electrodeless fluorescent lamp antenna. Ferrite that is used in this experiment was Mn-Zn type. We have examined resistance kind, impedance, Q-factor's frequency characteristic by ferrite. Impedance, resistance and capacitance did not show difference in start frequency 2.65 [MHz] but there was difference quantity. We could know Q-factor's difference according to material, and Q-factor's is important part of antenna design.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2004

An electric power efficiency of electrodeless fluorescent lamp has big relative property of gas in lamp, gas pressure, lamp formation, ingredients of magnetic substance and shape and action frequency etc. We used magnetic substance that open self examination material of electrodeless fluorescent lamp antenna. Ferrite that is used in this experiment was Mn-Zn type. We have examined resistance kind, impedance, Q-factor's frequency characteristic by ferrite. Impedance, resistance and capacitance did not show difference in start frequency 2.65 [MHz] but there was difference quantity. We could know Q-factor's difference according to material, and Q-factor's is important part of antenna design.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.697-708
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• 1996

Most efforts to improve tuberculosis treatment adherence target the patient and his or her behavior. This study examined the effects of behavioral modification training for these patients. Based on Bandura's behavioral principles of modeling, intervention strategies using a video program were devised to elicit specific patient target behaviors considered to improve patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment regimens. A random assignment, two-group(experimental group and control group) research design including 81 subjects was used. The main outcomes measured were pill taking measured with the Medication Event Monitoring System(MEMS) Medication Cap, patients' self-efficacy, and their knowledge of tuberculosis. The findings are as follows : 1) There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in patients' feelings of self-efficacy. That is, the patients who received the behavior modification program showed greater feeling of self-efficacy to initiate and change their behavior for the tuberculosis treatment regimen than the patients who did not receive the program(t=3.51, p=0.01). 2) There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in patients' knowledge of tuberculosis. That is, the patients who received the behavior modification program showed higher level of knowledge of tuberculosis than the patients who did not receive the program(t=2.15, p=0.03) 3) There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment regimens. That is, the patients who received the behavior modification program showed greater adherence to the treatment regimens than the patients who did not receive the program(t=5.11, p=0.00). The study findings provided useful insights into nursing practice, particularly in planning intervention strategies aimed at enhancing patients' adherence in tuberculosis that may also be relevant to other chronic diseases with patient adherence problems.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.201-230
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• 2023

The Innovation Procurement Policy was introduced as part of the strategic public procurement policy to improve firms' innovation capabilities and enhance the public sector's ability to solve social problems by designating and purchasing so-called 'innovative products.' The pilot procurement project for innovative products was first introduced in 2019, and the policy system for designating and discovering innovative products by government departments, as well as the priority purchase system, was established in 2020. Hence, this study conducted a quantitative analysis focusing on the effectiveness of the innovation procurement system in supporting firms after it was fully implemented. For this purpose, corporate financial and employment data from 2017 to 2021 were used, and propensity score matching(PSM) and difference-in-difference(DID) methods were utilized as analytical tools. The study found that the innovation procurement system contributed to corporate growth and employment and created additional public and private sales channels. Moreover, it is necessary to enhance the innovation procurement system, such as matching innovative product-producing companies with existing SME support policies, for companies to become self-sustaining after the innovative product designation ends.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1345-1351
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• 2013

Leaf characteristics of two representative deciduous-tree species in Korean peninsula were compared to assess directional ridge effect on leaf traits of both species. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA) of Rhododendron schilippenbachii in south-facing ridge slope was significantly higher than that in north-facing ridge slope, while Quercus mongolica did not change LMA. Leaf mass of Q. mongolica was increased depending on leaf size irrespective of slope. However, leaf mass of R. schilippenbachii changed differently in responding to expansion of leaf area between both slopes resulting from retardation of leaf expansion in south-facing slope. R. schilippenbachii showed higher leaf nitrogen concentration per unit area (LNCA) in south-facing slope than that in north-facing slope, while Q. mongolica indicated no difference in LNCA between southand north-facing slopes. However, both species revealed no significant difference in leaf nitrogen concentration per unit mass (LNCM) between south- and north-facing slopes. LNCA of Q. mongolica was about two times higher than that of R. schilippenbachii. These results indicate that there is a difference in leaf characteristics including leaf thickness and nitrogen allocation between Q. mongolica and R. schilippenbachii, suggesting the difference of plasticity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.221-231
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in service patterns of a forward and backward soft tennis players using 3D motion analyzer. Subjects were 4 forward players of $24.0\pm5.23$yrs and 4 backward players of $23.5\pm1.73$yrs. The results were as following: 1. There was no difference among each positions on swinging-time. The longest racket swinging-time was in the phase of takeback, the second one was in follow-through. The shortest one was in the phase of forward-swing so called force production phase, which had an influence on ball's velocity. 2. The racket speed on impact was 16.3m/s in forward subject and 19.53m/s in backward subject, when each velocity of balls was 44.6m/s, 52.9m/s. Although there was no significant difference along by positions, backward subject showed faster result. 3. The maximum speed of each performance was reached before the impact, and the speed at impact along by positions did not show any significant difference. The summation of velocity was measured in good order as following; hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, top of racket. 4. In the angular velocity of all examine except one, the angular velocity of forearm was bigger than the one of racket top although there was no statistically significant difference between forward and backward subject. 5. The service grip of the forward players was shorter than that of backward players.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.249-260
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• 2023

Duck farming restriction refers to a program in which duck farms suspend their operations for a certain period at times when the risk of avian influenza (AI) is high and receive compensation from the Korean government. This study analyzed the effect of this duck farming restriction on the incidence of AI using data on regional AI incidence rates, the program participation rate, and characteristics of poultry farming in 2016 (before the implementation of the restriction), as well as data from 2020 and 2021 (when new AI outbreaks occurred). In this study, the treatment group was divided into five subgroups according to the policy participation rate and a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation was conducted using certain covariates, in this case the average number of ducks raised, the land area, the number of high-susceptibility farms, the number of low-susceptibility farms, the average number of farms within a 3 km radius, the average distance to the nearest farm, and a year dummy. The results showed that when more than 30% of all duck farms in a region participated in the farming restriction, it had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of AI. Specifically, when more than 30, 40, 50, and 60% of all duck farms participated in the farming restriction, the AI incidence rate decreased by 0.7184, 1.0025, 1.5844, and 1.5843%p, respectively.