• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

무선 센서망에서 이동노드의 위치를 추정하는데 센서노드의 클럭주파수 차이는 TOF 추정에 중요한 파라메타이며, 이동노드와 고정노드 간의 거리 추정에 크게 영향을 미친다. IEEE802.15.4a에서는 별도의 유선 등에 의한 망동기 공급이 없는 상태에서도 주파수 차이에 둔감한 비동기 TWR 및 SDS-TWR 거리 추정 방식을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 제안된 비동기 TWR 및 SDS-TWR 방식은 여전히 노드 쌍에 따른 주파수 차이, 프레임 처리 시간, 프레임 처리 시간 차이 등에 의한 영향을 충분히 제거하지 못하고 있다. 특히 주파수 차이가 큰 저가의 발진기 사용, 서로 다른 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어에서 동작하는 센서노드는 더 큰 위치추정 오류를 유발할 수 있다. 본 논문은 주파수 차이를 추정하는 방식을 제안하고, 기존의 TWR 및 SDS-TWR 방식에 적용하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 주파수 차이 추정을 적용한 제안된 방식은 주파수 차이의 영향을 감소시켜 TWR 및 SDS-TWR 등의 성능을 개선시켰으며, 25cm 이하의 위치오류가 발생하는 것을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.2514-2526
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• 2013

This paper presents a detection method for least significant bit matching revisited (LSBMR) steganography. Previous research shows that the adjacent pixels of natural images are highly correlated and the value 0 appears most frequently in pixel difference. Considering that the message embedding process of LSBMR steganography has a weighted-smoothing effect on the distribution of pixel difference, the frequency of the occurrence of value 0 in pixel difference changes most significantly whereas other values approximately remain unchanged during message embedding. By analyzing the effect of LSBMR steganography on pixel difference distribution, an equation is deduced to estimate the frequency of difference value 0 using the frequencies of difference values 1 and 2. The sum of the ratio of the estimated value to the actual value as well as the ratio of the frequency of difference value 1 to difference value 0 is used as the steganalytic detector. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect LSBMR steganography and can outperform previous proposed methods.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제12권2호통권28호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

In the presence of incident waves with different frequencies, the second order sum and difference frequency waves due to the nonlinearity of the incident waves come into existence. Although the magnitudes of the forces produced on a Tension Leg Platform(TLP) by these nonlinear waves are small, they act on the TLP at sum and difference frequencies away from those of the incident waves. So, the second order sum and difference frequency wave loads produced close to the natural frequencies of TLPs often give greater contributions to high and low frequency resonant responses. The second order wave exciting forces and moments have been obtained by the method based on direct integration of pressure acting on the submerged surface of a TLP. The components of the second order forces which depend on first order quantities have been evaluated using the three dimensional source distribution method. The numerical results of time domain analysis for the nonlinear wave exciting forces in regular waves are compared with the numerical ones of frequency domain analysis. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 2차 고조파 성분과 차주파수 성분의 새로운 조합을 통해 전력 증폭기에서 발생되는 3차와 5차 혼변조 성분을 개별적으로 조절할 수 있는 전치왜곡 선형화기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 2차 고조파 성분과 차주파수 성분은 포락선 검파기와 두 개의 주파수 체배기를 사용하여 발생시켰다. 제안된 전치왜곡 선형화기는 3차와 5차의 혼변조 성분을 개별적으로 조절하여 전력 증폭기의 선형화 특성을 극대화하였다. 측정 결과, 2137.5~2142.5 MHz 대역의 W-CDMA 1-FA의 30 dBm 출력에서 11 dB ACPR 개선 효과를 얻었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2019

배열의 설계주파수보다 높은 주파수의 표적신호가 수신되는 경우 공간 에일리어싱에 의해 빔형성에 모호성이 발생한다. 이를 극복하기 위해 Abadi가 차주파수 빔형성 기법을 제안하였다. 하지만 차주파수 빔형성 기법은 차주파수의 값에 따라 최소한의 대역폭이 필요한 제약조건이 있다. 본 논문에서는 주파수-파수 스펙트럼의 특성과 라돈변환을 이용하여 공간 에일리어싱이 발생하는 표적신호의 방위를 추정하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 대역을 가지는 신호의 주파수 대역 내에서 방위추정의 모호성은 발생하지 않고, 표적의 방위를 추정할 수 있다. 하지만 대역을 가지는 신호에만 적용이 가능한 제약조건이 있다. 광대역 신호에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 알고리즘을 구현하고, 이를 SAVEX15 (Shallow Water Acoustic Variability EXperiment 2015)의 딱총새우 소음신호를 이용하여 차주파수 빔형성 기법의 결과와 비교 검증하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2018

The Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is important commercially and ecologically as a basic component of the Antarctic Ocean ecosystem. To manage this resource, it is important to determine the distribution and standing of krill in the water layer. Acoustic methods can capture information about the entire water layer quickly. Acoustic surveys were conducted from March 3 to March 14, 2017, using the commercial fishing boat Sejong (7,765 tons). Acoustic systems with a frequency of 38 kHz and a 200 kHz commercial echo sounder (ES70, Simrad, Norway) were used and the acquired data were processed using post processing software. The density and standing of Antarctic krill were determined using the two-frequency difference method, using the characteristics of two frequencies. To compare the frequency difference of krill, the method using the frequency difference according to the krill length, recommended by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) and the values extracted according to the krill length at survey stations where only krill were collected during the study period, were compared. The frequency difference ranges were 3.96-5.91 dB and -3.0~13.8 dB, respectively.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2003

If a sinusoidal excitation force moves back and forth along a structure with a certain frequency, the structure will be excited with the difference frequency of these two frequencies. A low frequency vibration shaker has been developed using this force frequency shifting without actually moving a shaker The shaker consists of an ordinary eccentric mass shaker, a plate, constant springs, and time varying dampers. The dampers are turned on and off in a sequential manner to simulate a traveling slide of an excitation force. The operation of the shaker is simulated by solving the equations of motion of the shaker. Characteristics of the shaker have been found and they can be utilized to design efficient low frequency shakers.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.718-720
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• 1999

This paper describes a charge pump PLL architecture which achieves high frequency operation and fast acquisition. This architecture employs multi-phase frequency detector comprised of precharge type phase frequency detector and conventional phase frequency detector. Operation frequency is increased by using precharge type phase frequency detector when the phase difference is small and acquisition time is shortened by using conventional phase frequency detector and increased charge pump current when the phase difference is large. By virtue of this multi-phase frequency detector structure, the maximum operating frequency of 694MHz at 3.0V and faster acquisition were achieved by simulation.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.186-199
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• 2002

This study is carried out to examine the purpose of utilization and the degree of satisfaction on the information collected from the Internet site for the understanding of the reality of clothing information for college students. The results are as fellows; 1 . Three primary factors have been abstracted for the satisfaction of information. 2. The difference in the purpose of utilizing information, depending on the individual characteristic of students and the features related to computer, was shown in the difference of major and school year, number of the internet connection per day, capability of using computer, period of using computer, and frequency of information searching. The more the number of internet connection per day, the less the capability of using computer, and searching for information when required, internet can be utilized for study and work. 3. The difference in the degree of information satisfaction, depending on the individual characteristic of students and the features related to computer, was shown in the difference of major, school year, opportunity to take computer-related course, frequency of searching information, and etc. More positive and satisfactory response was derived from these not majoring in clothing rather than those majoring, those taking computer course related to clothing, and those searching for clothing information periodically. 4. The primary factors affecting the satisfaction on the overall information of clothing show difference in terms of sex and frequency of searching information. Female students show lower degree of satisfaction than male students and more satisfaction on the information searched as the frequency of searching becomes less.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 1994

An instantaneous frequency analysis is a technique to examine a signature for the rotating machinery if the signal has several transitions within a cycle. This paper discusses the conditions of existing negative frequency components in the instantaneous frequency. By using a signal consisted of two frequency components, the instantaneous frequency analysis is conducted while the amplitude ratio between two frequency components has been changed. The analysis shows that, depending on the amplitude ratio, the instantaneous frequencies have averaged, zero-valued, or negative components. It turns out that the negative-valued instantaneous frequencies, which have been regarded as the noise effect, are the consequence of the calculation process for the multisignal components. The criteria of existing the negative values in instantaneous frequencies is given in terms of the relative amplitude ratio and the frequency difference. Especially when the amplitude ratio approaches to 1, the instantaneous frequency fluctuates ${\pm}\infty$ in theory, which implies that instantaneous frequency has unstable region around the amplitude ratio, 1.Also, as the frequency difference between major signal components is increased, the region of existing negative instantaneous becomes broader. In an instantaneous frequency analysis, therefore, a narrow band analysis is suggested, with extreme care if the amplitude ratio approaches to 1. In this paper, a vibration signal monitored from a rotating machinery is also examined as an application example in order to show the existence of negative instantaneous frequencies components.