• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice and related factors of low-salt diet among university students. Methods: Data from a convenience sample of 251 nursing and engineering students of two universities in south-western part of Korea were collected during March 16~20, 2015 using a self-reporting questionaire and urine test. The instruments developed by Lee and Song(1999) were used to measure knowledge and practice, and Ahn(2013) for attitude toward low-salt diet. A spot urine salt stick($SaltSinal^{(R)}$) was also used to evaluate practice of low-salt diet. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0, and t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Scheffe test were used. The study was IRB approved. Results: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of low-salt diet was low and spot urine salt level was high among university students. Knowledge and attitude were higher and spot urine salt level was lower among nursing students. Knowledge and attitude were related to gender and drinking. Living arrangement, monthly allowance, smoking, frequency of eating-out, frequency of breakfast were shown not to be related to knowledge and attitude. None of the variable investigated were significantly related to practice of low-salt diet. However, spot urine salt was related with gender, living arrangement, and smoking. Conclusions: A rigorous health education is necessary in order to lower dietary salt among university students. Considering frequent eating-out among university students, it is also very important to lower salt amount in foods sold on- and off-campus.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate relationships and gender differences in dietary supplement (DS) and oriental supplement (OS) prevalence as well as anti-doping awareness during training and the game period. Korea National Sport University athletes (343 male and 136 female) participated in this study and completed DS and OS practice and anti-doping awareness questionnaires. Forty-six percent of athletes used DS during the training period, and there was significantly higher DS use in females (53%) compared to males (43%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of athletes used OS, and there was significantly higher OS use in females (35%) than males (26%) (P < 0.05) during the training period. The primary reason of DS use was to supply energy both in males (36%) and females (28%). The main reason for male athletes' OS use was to supply energy (41 %). Meanwhile, the reasons for female athletes' OS use were to supply energy (23%), to maintain health (19%), and to improve recovery ability (20%), which showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). Athletes rated their perceived degree of satisfaction, perceived importance, and beliefs in efficacy of DS and OS use all over 50% during the training period, and no gender differences were detected. In a comparison between athletes educated about anti-doping (at least more than one time) and non-received athletes, DS and OS use during the training period was 2.30 (1.47-3.60) and 1.71 (1.03-2.82), respectively. DS and OS use immediately before the game period was 2.38 (1.50-3.80) and 3.99 (1.20-13.28), respectively.Elite athletes' anti-doping education was highly related to increased DS use during the training period and immediately before the game. Although elite athletes use various DS and OS during the training period and before the game period, doping education for elite athletes is related with DS and OS use during the training period and before the game.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1994

This study was conducted to find out the successive habitual practice of dietary life and all the educational tasks for the purpose of activating with female college students in Korea and Japan. The reesults are as follows. Housewives in both countries prepare ${\ulcorner}the\;same\;menu{\lrcorner}$ for dinner about 65%. ${\ulcorner}The\;rate\;of\;domestic\;manufacturing\;of\;preservated\;food\;{\lrcorner}$ is superior in Korea. ${\ulcorner}Goch'ujang{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 92% of Koreans, ${\ulcorner}Doenjang{\lrcorner}\;89%,\;{\ulcorner}Ganjang{\lrcorner}\;48%,\;{\ulcorner}Oiji{\lrcorner}\;44%\;and\;{\ulcorner}Kimchi{\lrcorner}\;40%.\;{\ulcorner}Umeboshi{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 65% of Japanese, ${\ulcorner}Rakkyo-Zuke{\lrcorner}\;37%,\;{\ulcorner}Kajitsu-syu{\lrcorner}\;40%,\;and\;{\ulcorner}Miso{\lrcorner}$ 27%. Two countries' common seasonings are ${\ulcorner}Ganjang{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Salt{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Chemical\;condiment{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Sugar{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Pepper{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Doenjang${\lrcorner}\;and\;{\ulcorner}Vinegar{\lrcorner}$. Koreans use the traditional seasonings, and in addition flavoring vegetables and oil which is Korea's own characteristic. Japanese use western seasonings frequently besides traditional seasonings. ${\ulcorner}Mother's\;representative\;food{\lrcorner}$ as home dish are conscentrated on each count's native food. ${\ulcorner}Kimch'i\;lyu{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 42% of Koreans, ${\ulcorner}Doenjangchigae{\lrcorner}\;39%,\;{\ulcorner}Dakgangjong{\lrcorner}\;31%,\;and\;{\ulcorner}Saongsonmaeuntang{\lrcorner}\;19%.\;{\ulcorner}Misoshiru{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 83% of Japanese, ${\ulcorner}Nishime{\lrcorner}\;76%\;and\;{\ulcorner}Nikujaga{\lrcorner}$ 38%. Korea has more diverse kinds of food. People eat out ${\ulcorner}when\;they\;have\;special\;home \;events{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}when\;they\;would\;like\;to\;do{\lrcorner},\;and\;{\ulcorner}when\;they\;are\;going\;out{\lrcorner}$, It means that to eat out is one of the daily dinning styles. Therefore, for those who are engaged in eating house business it is necessary to form their righteous view of evaluation. Koreans learn more various items of table manner than Japan, which are the symbols of dietary culture. ${\ulcorner}Carriage{\lrcorner}\;and\;{\ulcorner}Eating\;politely{\lrcorner}$ are common items. The extent to which ${\ulcorner}people\;practice\;table\;manner{\lrcorner}$ and to which ${\ulcorner}people\;think\;of\;it\;as\;being\;worth\;practicing{\lrcorner}$ are high in Japan than Korea.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.621-636
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management (SMESY) program is a 1-yr lifestyle modification program targeting metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Seoul residents. This study investigated the associations between adherence to dietary guidelines and MetS among the SMESY program participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 54,385 participants aged 20-64 yrs who completed the SMESY program in 2015, had information on adherence to dietary guidelines, and were not medicated for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were analyzed. Participants underwent MetS screening and completed a lifestyle questionnaire including adherence to 10 dietary guidelines before and after participation. Participants were classified according to the number of MetS risk factors at baseline (MetS group, ≥ 3; risk group, 1-2; healthy group, none). Adherence to dietary guidelines was determined from the number of "yes" responses regarding the fulfillment of each guideline on ≥ 5 days/week. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between newly diagnosed MetS and changes in adherence to dietary guidelines. RESULTS: In the MetS group, MetS prevalence decreased after the SMESY program (men, -41.9%p; women, -48.7%p), and all risk factors were significantly improved (P < 0.0001). All groups exhibited improved adherence to all dietary guidelines after participation (P < 0.0001). In the MetS group with positively changed adherence scores, the MetS prevalence decreased by -44.1%p for men and -49.5%p for women, whereas the prevalence in those with negative changes decreased by -38.1%p for men and -48.6%p for women. In the risk group, those with positively changed adherence scores had significantly decreased odds ratios (ORs) for newly diagnosed MetS compared with those with negative changes (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.80 for men; OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99 for women). CONCLUSIONS: The SMESY program may effectively reduce the risk of MetS among adults with risk factors by improving adherence to dietary guidelines.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

The most critical point in the assessment of adherence to dietary guidelines is the development of a practical definition for adherence, such as a dietary pattern score. The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean Diet Score (KDS) based on the Korean Food Balance Wheel and to examine the association of KDS with various lifestyle characteristics and biochemical factors. The dietary data of 5,320 subjects from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were used for the final analysis. The food guide was composed of six food group categories; 'grain dishes', 'fish and meat dishes', 'vegetable dishes', 'fruits', 'milk' and 'oils and sugars'. Based on the recommended serving numbers for each group, the scores measuring adherence to this food guide were calculated from the dietary information from the 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire, and then its correlation with various characteristics was assessed. KDS was significantly associated with several clinical, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors as well as diagnosed disease history. The higher quintile group of KDS showed a significantly lower level in fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, current smoking and drinking as well as higher leisure time activity, house income and education. Furthermore, the KDS quintile group of women was inversely associated with hypertension, osteoporosis and diabetes. A higher KDS quintile was characterized with a higher intake of several critical nutrients, such as Ca, Fe and vitamins as well as a desirable nutrition balance such as the ratio of macronutrients. Our results demonstrate that KDS is a beneficial tool in assessing the adherence to a healthy diet based on the Korean dietary guidelines. We suggest that KDS could be a useful indicator for evaluating the dietary balance of the Korean population.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.694-705
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to describe the health behavior experience of middle-aged Korean women in rural areas, and to help understand their health practice, perceive their nursing needs and provide guidelines to developing appropriate nursing interventions. Method: The participants were 18 healthy middle-aged women living in rural areas, with no serious illness that require hospitalization. The data was collected through interviews and participant observation, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin(1997). The data collection period was from April to November of 2001. Result: Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon was family-oriented pursuing of yangsaeng. The causal condition was less confidence on one's own health, responsibilities in caring for family. The contexts were cultural system. The intervening condition was information system, support system, limitation of approaching a medical institution. The action/ interaction strategies were yangsaeng through dietary practice, yangsaeng through promoting clothing and housing, yangsaeng through exercise, practice of folk therapy, yangsaeng through mental hygiene, and use of medical institution. The consequences were stabilization of body and mind, and stabilization of family. Conclusion: It is recommended for nurses to understand health behavior experience of middle-aged women, and provide nursing intervention with theoretical scheme and practical principles so that these women can pursue the family-oriented process of yangsaeng.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

Constructs with seven latent evaluation indicators and 18 observable survey questions were developed by food and nutrition experts to calculate a food safety recognition and practice index for children. The purpose of this study was to suggest statistical approaches to test construction validity on the constructs, obtain weights of the evaluation indicators, and develop questionnaires to calculate a children's food recognition and practice index. Survey data of 2,400 elementary fifth grade students were used as empirical results. Test validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed to be highly significant by confirmatory factor analysis [i.e., linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis]. Standardized path coefficients of the LISREL analysis were suggested based on weights, and the weights were compared using the AHP and Delphi methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권12호
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• pp.454-462
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• 2020

The Committee on Dyslipidemia of Korean Pediatric and Adolescents of the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology has newly developed evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents. These guidelines were formulated with the Grading of Recommendations, which include both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. In the absence of sufficient evidence, conclusions were based on expert opinion. These guidelines are based on the 2011 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Guidelines, which focus on the prevention of cardiovascular disease in children and draw from a comprehensive review of evidence. These guidelines contain the definition of and screening process for dyslipidemia and introduce new dietary methods: the Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet (CHILD)-1, the CHILD-2-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the CHILD-2-triglyceride. Potential drug therapies for dyslipidemia along with their main effects and doses were also included.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2022

본 연구는 어머니의 종합적 식사지도와 유아의 식생활 실천과의 관련성을 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 서울과 경기 지역의 어린이집과 유치원에 재학 중인 만 3세부터 만 5세의 유아의 어머니 227명을 대상으로 CFPQ를 이용하여 어머니의 식사지도 내용을 조사하였으며, 유아의 영양지수 (NQ-P)를 측정하여 식생활 실천 정도를 평가하였다. 유아의 영양지수 중 균형 요인은 어머니의 종합적 식사지도의 모델링, 체중조절을 위한 섭취제한, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 음식강요 및 식사준비 참여와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 유아의 영양지수의 절제 요인은 어머니의 종합적 식사지도의 모니터링, 모델링, 영양정보 전달, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경, 식사준비 참여와 양의 상관관계를, 정서조절, 음식보상, 아동통제와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 유아의 영양지수 환경 요인은 어머니의 종합적 식사지도 중 모니터링, 모델링, 영양정보 제공, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경, 식사준비 참여와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 정서조절과는 음의 상관관계가 나타났다. 유아의 식생활 실천정도를 나타내는 지표인 영양지수 각 요인에 대한 어머니의 종합적 식사지도의 영향을 평가하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 영양지수 중 균형 요인을 양의 방향으로 유의하게 예측가능한 식사지도 항목은 체중조절을 위한 음식섭취제한, 음식강요, 식사준비 참여였다. 어머니의 식사지도 항목 중 영양지수 절제 요인에 대한 양적 연관성이 있는 요인은 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경이었으며, 음적으로 연관성이 있는 요인은 음식보상, 아동통제였다. 또한 영양지수 환경 요인과 양적 연관성이 있는 어머니의 식사지도 항목은 모니터링, 건강한 식생활 환경이었다. 따라서 어머니는 자녀에게 모니터링, 모델링, 영양정보 전달, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경, 식사준비 참여와 같은 식사 지도를 실천하고, 정서조절, 음식으로 보상, 아동통제, 음식강요 와 같은 부정적인 식사지도 방법을 지양해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2023

본 연구는 서울과 경기도 지역의 중년여성 345명을 대상으로 우울증, 정서적 섭식 및 식생활과의 관련성을 분석하고 우울증과 식생활과의 관계에서 정서적 섭식의 매개효과에 대하여 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 우울증 군별 영양지수 점수는 균형과 다양 및 식행동의 점수가 정상군보다 우울증군에서 낮았으며, 절제 점수는 정상군보다 우울증경계군과 우울증군에서 낮았다. 우울증 군별 정서적 섭식 점수는 정상군보다 우울증군에서 높았다. 우울증, 정서적 섭식 및 영양지수와의 편상관관계를 분석한 결과 우울증은 정서적 섭식과 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 영양지수의 모든 요인, 즉 균형, 다양, 절제, 식행동과 모두 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 정서적 섭식은 영양지수 요인 중 다양과 절제와 각각 음의 상관성이 있었다. 우울증과 영양지수와의 관계에서 정서적 섭식의 매개효과를 부트스트래핑을 적용하여 통계분석한 결과 우울증은 정서적 섭식을 매개체로 하여 영양지수 요인 중 절제에 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 우울증이 식생활 실천으로 연계되는 과정에서 정서적 섭식이 매개체로서 건강하지 못한 식품의 섭취에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.