• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association of dietary intake levels with ante-natal depression among pregnant women. Methods: Secondary data analysis was done using Can Pro software (version 3.0) to evaluate the diet intake levels with 24 hour recall diary method with 130 pregnant women visiting a general hospital. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and adjusted logistic regression using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: Whole dietary intake levels of pregnant women were insufficient according to Recommended Nutrient Intake (RI) with the except of phosphorus intake. There were significant differences in RI by gestation period and high risk pregnancies. Non-depressed women showed more intake in niacin (z=1.33, p=.018) and zinc (t=3.99, p=.048) than depressed women did. Niacin was a significant determinant of ante-natal depression (Exp (B)=5.88, p=.47, 95% CI [1.02~23.83]). Conclusion: Dietary intake assessment would be necessary during pregnancies for the screening of ante-natal depression. For ante-natal depression care, a tailored dietary intervention should be applied for women with insufficient nutrient intake.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B intake on biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and blood glucose control, that are important in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Seventy-six adults (42 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of diabetes patients who had visited the medical center for treatment. Data on anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆ and folate were collected using 24-hour diet recall and the CAN Pro 4.0 program. Also, data on clinical indices such as serum lipids, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were collected and analyzed for correlation with dietary vitamin B intake. Results from the dietary intake survey showed that riboflavin and folate intake (in males) and folate intake (in females) were below the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between hs-CRP and dietary intake of B vitamins. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure after adjustments for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, ingestion of diabetes mellitus medication and energy intake (p<0.05). Our results suggest that dietary vitamin B may influence inflammation and consequently may help in better management of type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.296-306
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• 1999

This study was carried out to prepare a copper database of Korean foods which can be used in calculating copper intake from dietary data, and to evaluate the copper nutritional status of Koran adults living in rural areas by dietary intake and serum copper concentrations. A copper database for 1,176 Korean foods was constructed (1) by analysing 112 Korean foods which are frequently consumed by Korean adults living in rural areas, (2) by adapting values form food composition databases from other countries-320 items from the University of Minnesota database, 201 items from the USAD database, and 25 items from U.K. database, and (3) by imputing values from similar foods for 518 food items. Copper intake of 2,034 Korean adults over the age of 30 living in Yeonchongun was Kyunggi province, Korea was estimated by 24-hour recall method. Mean daily copper intake of subjects was 0.98mg. Mean daily intake level of males was 1.11mg which was significantly higher than that of females, 0.88mg. There was a significant difference in the distribution of subjects by the level of copper intake and sex(p<0.05). Mean serum copper concentration was 14.8umol/1 and the percentage of subjects with low, adequate, and high levels of copper concentration were 23.9%, 69.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. The two food groups which contributed most to the dietary copper intake of subjects were cereals and grain products, and vegetables, supplying 46.2% and 12.7% of total copper intake, respectively. Individuallym, rice contributed most, suppling 31% of total copper intake, followed by soybean curd, starch vermicle, barley, etc. Plant foods contributed to 82.1% of the total copper intake. In summary, results of this study show that copper intake of Korean adults living in rural areas is low, and that dietary sources of copper are mainly plant foods. Serum levels of copper in the subjects were relatively normal. The copper database for Korean foods constructed in present study will be a valuable tool for the as-yet limited assessment of copper intake of Koreans. Such studies will contribute to the establishment of a dietary of a dietary allowance of copper and the relationship of copper nutriture and chronic diseases in Koreans.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.726-732
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 한국인 영양권장량 제 6차 개정에 수록된 자료, 식이 섭취 회상표, 식품의 섭 취량 및 목측량, 일반 상황분석 자료들을 database로 사용하여 하루 동안 섭취한 식품 및 영양소 함량을 신속하게 분석하고, 신체에 대한 일반 상황을 진단 및 평가할 수 있는 프로 그램을 개발하였다. 사용자는 개인자료입력 항목에 자 신의 이름, 성 별, 나이, 키, 체중 및 활동 정도를 입력하므로서 자신의 체중 범위, 표준 체중, 비만도, 기초 대사량, 체중과 활동 정도에 따른 열량 필요량, 1일 열량 필요량 및 이들의 섭취 열랑과의 과부족을 비교 평가한 자료를 얻을 수 있으며, 만약 사용자가 비만이 라면 체 중을 감소하기 위한 1일 열량 필요량도 얻을 수 있다 또한 음식 입력 항목에 자신이 섭취한 식품들을 24시간 식이섭취 회상법에 의하여 입력하므로서 식사구성안의 식품군별로 섭취횟수가 분석된 후 한국인 영양권장량 6차 개정안에 설정된 표준 섭취 횟수와 비교 평가되었다. 식사구성안의 식품군별 섭취량은 각각 열량 및 영양소별로 분석 평가되었고, 1일 영양소 섭취량을 권장량에 대하여 그래프로 나타내므로서 섭취된 영양소의 과부족을 쉽게 이 해할 수 있게 하였다. 식이지방질은 그 구성지방산의 종류에 따라 인체에 미치는 영향이 다르기 때문에 지방질 섭취상태를 분석함으로서 자신의 콜레스테롤 및 구성지방산의 섭취상태를 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 식사별 열량 및 영양소 섭취상태를 분석하여 각각의 영양소들이 어느 식사에서 섭취되는지를 쉽게 파악할 수 있게 하였으며, 식사별 열량영양소 섭취에 대한 구성비를 그래픽 분석하여 매 식사 때마다 섭취되는 열량영양소의 비율을 그림으로 쉽게 평가할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 본 프로그램을 이용함으로서 개인과 집단의 식품 및 영양소 섭취상태에 대한 분석 평가를 신속하게 처리할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 균형 잡힌 식단을 계획하는데 유용한 자료로 이용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.343-353
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• 1998

To assess the food intake and diet quality of Korean adults living in rural areas , a dietary survey using a one day 24-hour recall method was conducted with 2037 subjects over 30 years of age living in Yeonchon-gun , Kyungki province of Korea. Eighty percent of total food intake was in the form of vegetable food and the rest in the form o fanimal food . Diet quality was assessed by food group pattern, dietary diversity score(DDS), and dietary variety score(DVS). When counting the major food groups consumed (DDs), 47% of subjects had a DDS of 3 and 31% of subjects had a DDs of 4. On average, subjects habitually consumed 14.9 different foods daily, with the mean score of diet variety (DVS) for males(14.4) being significantly lower than for females (15.2). Persons who had higher DDSS also had higher DVSS(p<0.001). As the DDs increased , MAR(Mean adequacy ratio) improved. Correlation coefficients between NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio) and DVS ranged from r=0.34 for vitamin C to re=0.51 for vitamin B$_2$. NAR also improved as the number of foods or food groups consumed increased (p<0.001). Associations between the NAR of most nutrients with DVS was better than those with DDS. Based on these results, the food intake of the study subjects was not adequate, especially with regards to the dairy and fruit groups . Dietary diversity (DDS) and especially dietary variety (DVS) would be useful in assess nutrient intake because of their associations with total diet quality.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2009

This study investigated preferences toward soybean-based foods and levels of dietary isoflavone intake in female adults living in Daegu. In order to determine the subjects' attitudes toward soybean-based foods their degrees of recognition and preference along with intake frequency were examined. To estimate their isoflavone intake levels, a food frequency questionnaire and the 24-hour recall method were used. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 47.3 years, 159.6 cm, 56.4 kg, and 22.1 kg/$cm^2$, respectively. And their mean energy, protein, dietary fiber, calcium, and sodium intakes were 1,871.9 kcal, 81.1g, 23.2 g, 604.7 mg, and 5.07 g, respectively. The average amount of isoflavones consumed from soy foods was 29.49 mg/day(daidzein 13.14 mg/day and genistein 16.35 mg/day) as assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and by the 24-hour recall method the average amount was 22.97 mg/day (daidzein 10.10 mg/day and genistein 12.87 mg/day), showing that the food frequency questionnaire assessment amount was 6.52 mg higher than that by 24-hour recall method. The major food sources of the isoflavones were soybean paste and soybeans. For the subjects' degrees of recognition of soybean food, soybean paste received the highest score among the items. The results also showed that the most preferred soybean-based foods were soybean paste stew and soybean paste soup. Furthermore isoflavone intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal women. Overall, these data help elucidate the patterns and determinants of soy food consumption and also provide an assessment of dietary soy isoflavone intake in Korean women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.787-792
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the iron availability and to analyze dietary factors which influence hematological indices of 130 female adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. Intakes of iron and other nutrients were estimated using a self-administrated questionnaire combined with the 24-hour recall mehtod and iron availability was calculated by Monsen's method. Mean daily intakes of calorie, protein and vitamin C were 1631.0kcal(77.7% of RDA), 54.7g(84.2% of RDA) and 45.7mg(83.0% of RDA), respectively. In terms of iron, mean daily intake was 8.7mg(48.3% of RDA) and heme iron intake was 3.0mg which correspond to 34% of total iron intake. The amount of total absorbable iron was 1.5mg and the estimated bioavailability of dietary iron was 17.2%. In summary, intake of several nutrients for most of the subjects were under RDA. Dietary factors affecting hematological indices were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Intake of vitamin C was a major determinant of Hb level, while both intake of enhancing factor and iron availability were major determinants of serum ferritin level. In conclusion proper nutritional education and guidance for iron deficiency anemic female adoalescent needs to be developed and to improve their iron storage should be increased intakes of enhancing factors, female adoalescents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze specific foods influencing absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake among Korean preschoolers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 2,766 participants aged 1-5 years in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a 24-h dietary recall method. Major food sources of absolute nutrient intake were evaluated based on percent contribution of each food. To assess the contribution of specific foods to between-person variations in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regressions were performed and cumulative $R^2$ was used. RESULTS: White rice and milk were main food sources of energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. The percentage of fat contributed by milk was 21.3% which was the highest, followed by pork, soybean oil, and egg. White rice accounted for 25% and 40% of total variability in total energy and carbohydrate intakes, respectively. About 39% of variation in calcium intake was explained by milk while 40% of variation in phosphorous intake was explained by cheese. The top 10 foods contributing to between-person variations in nutrient intakes were similar with food items that mainly contributed to absolute nutrient intakes. The number of foods explaining 90% of absolute amounts of nutrient intakes varied from 28 for vitamin A to 80 for iron. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified specific foods that contributed to absolute nutrient intakes and between-person variations in nutrient intakes among Korean preschoolers. Our findings can be used to develop dietary assessment tools and establish food-based dietary guidelines for young children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in 5th and 6th grade primary school children in Chungbuk. Also the relationships between nutritional status and factors relevant to dietary intake of vitamin A were examined. For the study, total 180 children in urban area of Chongju city(37 boys and 40 girls) and rural area of Eumsong gun(56 boys and 47 girls) were recruited. For the assessment of dietary nutrients intake including vitamin A, 1-day, 24-hr recall method was applied. And serum retinol contents were analyzed by HPLC to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A. The average of daily vitamin A intake was 490R.E., 81.8% of RDA. Vitamin A intake of urban was higher than that of rural children(p < 0.001). Of the total dietary vitamin A intake, only 25.8% came from animal retinol, means that children still heavily depend on plant carotenoids as vitamin A floods. The average serum retinol concentration of total 180 children was 37.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml. Serum retinol concentration of urban children was 37.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1, significantly higher than rural children of 35.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1(p < 0.05). According to the biochemical criteria, no one was in critical vitamin A nutritional status. Because of relatively large day-to-day vitamin A intake, 1-day, 24-hr recall method may not be the proper way to assess the usual intake of vitamin A. In conclusion , to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A by dietary survey, it is necessary to develop new survey technique which measure the dietary habit of the people.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find gender differences in physical activity, dietary habit and nutrient intake in 4∼6th grade students in elementary school. Physical activity assessment showed that males significantly engaged in more vigorous activity with longer duration than females. It was found that females skipped their breakfast more often and had more snack than males. On the other hand, males were more indulged in peaky eating, despite their good practice of drinking milk. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that energy intakes in both males and females were not sufficient. Furthermore, subjects, regardless of gender, consumed marginal intakes of Ca and Fe. Special attention should be given to marginal intakes of Ca in the subjects. Due to low Fe intake in females, more caution should be taken to include a meal which can enhance iron absorption. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented to choose nutrient dense foods and activities that lead to better health.