• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2004

본 연구는 인공감미료의 사용확대에 따른 실태 파악 및 실제 섭취량 조사를 통해 현행 사용기준의 안전수준에 대한 안전성을 확보하는 연구의 기초자료로서 우리나라에서 식품첨가물로 허용되어 있는 인공감미료인 삭카린나트륨, 아스파탐, 아세설팜칼륨 및 수크랄로스에 대한 식품 중 분석법을 확립하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 투석이나 정제과정 없이 보다 간편하고 짧은 시간에 효율적으로 시료를 전처리할 수 있는 방법을 시료의 성상에 따라 확립하였다. 고속액체크로마토그래프(HPLC)의 최적 분석조건을 검토한 결과, 삭카린나트륨, 아스파탐 및 아세설팜칼륨의 3종 인공감미료의 분석에 컬럼은 Symmetry $C_{18}(3.9mm\;i.d{\times}150mm,\;5{\mu}m)$, 이동상은 0.005M tetrapropylammonium hydroxide가 함유된 0.01M $KH_{2}PO_{4}$: acetonitrile(9:1, pH 3.5). 측정파장은 210mm로 설정하였다. 수크랄로스의 분석조건은 컬럼은 Symmetry $C_{18}(3.9mm\;i.d{\times}150mm,\;5{\mu}m)$, 이동상은 water: methanol(7:3)을 사용하였고 검출기는 굴절율 검출기(RI), sensitivity=16호 설정하였다. 검출한계는 삭카린나트륨, 아스파탐 및 아세설팜칼륨은 각각 0.1ppm, 수크랄로스는 25ppm으로 측정되었다. 이와 같이 결정된 인공감미료의 최적 분석조건으로 회수율을 측정한 결과 아스파탐 92.5%, 아세설팜칼륨 97.3%, 삭카린나트륨 96.5%, 수크랄로스 93.4%로 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 시중에서 유통되고 있는 제품 중 총 17종 151품목을 다상으로 4종의 인공감미료 함량을 정량한 결과, 아스파탐은 탄산음료 2품목에서 $180.8{\mu}g/g$, 발효음료 4품목에서 $65.3{\mu}g/g$, 껌 2품목에서 $232.5{\mu}g/g$, 사탕 1품목에서 $1,672.0{\mu}g/g$, 혼합제제식품첨가물 2품목에서 $5,259.0{\mu}g/g$이 검출되었으며 아세설팜칼륨은 탄산음료 2품목에서 $110.8{\mu}g/g$, 껌 3품목에서 $250.3{\mu}g/g$, 혼합제제식품첨가물 1품목에서 $2,362.1{\mu}g/g$, 삭카린나트륨은 어묵 1품목에서 $42.3{\mu}g/g$, 수크랄로스는 껌 1품목에서 $120.1{\mu}g/g$이 검출되었으며 검출된 인공감미료는 표시사항과 일치하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1991

Cd첨가량(添加量)과 Cd원(源)을 달리하여 조제(調製)한 사료(飼料)로 생쥐를 12주간(週間) 사육(飼育)한 후(後) 체중(體重)과 생쥐내 장기(臟器)의 무게에 따른 성장속도(成長速度)를 조사(調査)하고 생쥐의 장기(臟器)들 즉(卽), 신장(腎臟), 간(肝), 심장(心臟), 허파, 비장(脾臟) 및 전혈중(全血中)에 축적(蓄積)되는 Cd축적작용(蓄積作用)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 사육시기(飼育時期) 9주(週)째에 생쥐의 체중증가(體重增加)는 Cd첨가수준(添加水準)에 따라 달라져서 사료중(飼料中)의 Cd을 많이 첨가(添加)하여 사육(飼育)하는 생쥐일수록 체중(體重)이 적어졌다. 2. 장기(臟器)의 무게는 Cd무첨가(無添加) 사료(飼料)로 사육(飼育)한 생쥐가 신장(腎臟), 간(肝), 심장(心臟), 비장(脾臟) 등(等)의 장기(臟器)의 종류(種類)에 관계(關係)없이 무거웠다. 그러나 Cd을 첨가(添加)하여 생육(生育)한 생쥐에서는 Cd첨가수준차이(添加水準差異)에 따른 장기(臟器)의 무게 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)하기 어려웠다. 3. 장기내(臟器內)에 Cd축적작용(蓄積作用)은 신장(腎臟)과 간(肝)에서 가장 높았고 심장(心臟)이 그 다음이었으며 축적농도(蓄積濃度)는 사료중(飼料中)의 Cd함량(含量)이 많을수록 높아지는 비례적(比例的) 관계(關係)를 나타내었다. 4. 사료중(飼料中) Cd농도(濃度)가 낮을수록 모든 장기(臟器) 및 혈액(血液)에 축적(蓄積)되는 비율(比率)이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

녹차생균제, 택사생균제 및 해조류발효물이 모돈과 자돈의 생산성 및 면역력에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 실시하였다. 공시동물은 임신 모돈 32두와 공시모돈에서 생산된 자돈 319두를 공시하였으며, 시험설계는 모돈 기준으로 4처리구 8반복 반복당 1두씩 임의로 배치하였으며, 시험사료를 분만전 2개월부터 분만후 28일(이유시)까지 급여하여 사양시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 대조구(무항생제 기초사료), 녹차 생균제 처리구(기초사료+녹차 생균제 0.05% 첨가), 택사 생균제 처리구(기초사료+택사 생균제 0.5% 첨가) 및 해조류 발효물 처리구(기초사료+해조류 발효물 0.5% 첨가)로 하였다. 자돈의 산자수, 생시체중, 이유두수 및 이유체중은 대조구에 비하여 첨가제 급여구가 증가를 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 설사지수는 첨가제 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 혈중 lymphocytes는 택사 생균제 및 해조류 발효물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 높았으며, MID는 해조류 발효물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 혈청 IgG의 농도는 대조구에 비하여 첨가제 처리구가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, IgA 및 IgM의 농도는 녹차 생균제 처리구와 해조류 발효물 처리구가 택사 생균제 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). Cortisol의 수준은 첨가제 처리구가 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결론적으로 모돈 사료에 생균제와 발효물의 첨가 급여는 자돈의 생산성 개선효과가 있고 모돈의 면역성 향상효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

In this study, we found a new food additive as an natural herbal extracts against lipid digestion enzymes for the regulation of fatty acid absorption and weight control. The Water extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum melongena. inhibited lipase activity and decresed serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in mouse fed lipid emulsion. Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts plus the egg yolk IgY that inhibit carbohydrate digestion enzymes in gut for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of natural herbal extract and egg yolk IgY improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2011

To determine the efficiency of copper (Cu) supplementation, a feeding experiment was carried out with 240 day old broiler chicks (vencobb-100). Birds were divided into four dietary treatments: i) C - no additives, ii) $T_1$-75 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iii) $T_2$-150 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iv) $T_3$-250 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet. The present study was carried out in the Department of Animal Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). Growth performance was measured in terms of live weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio at the end of $21^{st}$ and $42^{nd}$ day of the experiment and the result was found to be encouraging for commercial enterprises when the chickens were fed at 150 mg Cu/kg ($T_2$) of their diet. Excess dietary copper more than 150 mg/kg reduced the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood and resulted in the accumulation of copper in the liver with decreased blood Hb concentration and packed cell volumes (PCV). Copper supplementation increased the total erythrocyte count (TEC) as copper is involved in erythropoiesis. But, from the result it is indicated that the dietary copper concentration could not alter the total leukocyte count (TLC). In case of different leucocytes count (DLC), there were no significant differences observed among the different treated groups. Statistical analysis showed significant (p<0.01) difference in plasma concentration of copper, zinc, ferrous and cholesterol among the different copper treated groups. The result indicates that supplementation of copper is an effective way of improving the production performance and haematological parameters in broiler chicken.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3253-3260
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• 2014

Background: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits, smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India. Materials and Methods: We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women in Mizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Exposure of cooking oil fumes (p<0.003), wood as heating source for cooking (p=0.004), kitchen inside living room (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers of tobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (p<0.001) and GSTM1 null genotype (p=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer among women in Mizoram. Significantly protective effect was observed for intake of bamboo shoots (p=<0.001) and egg (p<0.001). A clear increase in dose response gradient was observed for total cooking dish years. Risk for lung cancer tends to increase with collegial effect of indoor environmental sources (p=0.022). Significant correlation was also observed for interaction of GST polymorphisms with some of dietary habits. Conclusions: We confirmed the important role of exposure of cooking oil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkali preparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer among Women in Mizoram.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2013

This study examined awareness and information acquisition behavior regarding food hygiene and safety of university students to improve safe dietary practices and to get basic information to develop educational materials for food safety. It was conducted among 276 university students of Qingdao University and Liaocheng University in Shandong province, China through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V.19.0. To describe characteristics of the respondents, frequency distributions were used. In addition, t test, one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were conducted. The results were as follows: The respondents were generally interested in food hygiene and safety. However, the level of awareness regarding the food hygiene and safety system in China was not high. Almost forty-five percent of the respondents did not think that foods produced and distributed in China were safe. For the reasons for their distrust, most of the students replied that they did not trust the safety 'because of distrust for hygiene of the food process', followed by 'because of distrust for food distribution' and 'because of excess or illegal use of food additives on food process'. The respondents answered for the concern level toward food hygiene and safety foodborne disease threatened food safety the most, followed by heavy metal contamination and endocrine disruptors. The respondents acquired most information from electronic media including TV and radio. Most of the students wanted to participate in food hygiene and safety education. Finally, when they found hazardous or foreign materials in food the most frequent reaction was 'paying attention in the next purchase', followed by 'notifying others', and 'letting it go this time but never buying that product in the future'.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-reported dietary changes. Data were collected from 903 parents whose children were attending an elementary school, a middle school, a high school, or a junior college in Kimcheon. Thirty-seven percent of the subjects reported that they had made dietary changes for their health. Respondents reported eating more vegetables(33.1%), fruit(24.1%), whole grains(19.9%), and lower-fat meats(14.5%) and less alcohol(17.2%), high-fat meat(16.4%), fats(13.8%), smoked foods(13.8%), snacks/cake/sweets(11.7%), salty foods(9.6%), and refined grain products(6.1%). Those who did not make any dietary changes most often said the reason was that they thought their diets were already healthful and therefore there was no reason to make a change. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects agreed that diet and disease were related and 89.5% knew that diet and cancer were related, yet 8% believed there was nothing a person could do to reduce the risk of getting cancer. In response to open-ended questions about foods that either increase or decrease cancer risk, vegetables, fruit, traditional fermented foods, etceteras, and whole grains were thought to decrease risk, and burned foods, salty foods, additives, high-fat meats/fats, and alcohol were thought to increase cancer risk. In this study, education levels to be the major demographic variable and residential district had an impact on cancer prevention knowledge and attitudes. People at lower educational levels and rural residents should be targeted for education about cancer risk reduction.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.933-936
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• 2018

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of bentonite and illite as feed additives on the growth performance and litter quality of 90 Pekin ducks. The ducks were individually weighed and randomly divided into two treatments (control and 1% combination of silicate minerals), with three replicate pens per treatment, and 15 ducks per pen. Growth performance was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the combination of bentonite and illite, but a trend of increased growth performance was observed in the control groups. Total nitrogen content and pH in the litter decreased following supplementation with the combination of bentonite and illite (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. This data indicates that the dietary supplementation with the combination of bentonite and illite (1% level) has no positive effect on the growth performance and litter quality of Pekin ducks.