• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

This study was done to investigate the effect of adolescent smoking on dietary intakes and nutritional status of serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 82 somkers whose average pack-year was 0.73, and 85 nonsmokers of male technical high school students in Seoul. Anthropometric measurement was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional (CAN) analysis programs. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Spotchem sp-4410 and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were measured by test kit. serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured by HPLC. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was a significant difference in body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure while other anthropometric measurements were not different between smokers and monsmokers. Caloric intakes(2335㎉) in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers (2,175㎉) but the difference was not statistically significant. Intakes of protein(76.67g) and niacin(16.49㎎) in adolescent male smokers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of nonsmokers although other nutrient intakes were not significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that of nonsmokers, whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different. Serum vitamin C level was also significantly lower(p<0.05) in adolescent smokers than in nonsmokers. In addition, serum vitamin E level, which was 7.85㎎/1 in smokers, was lower than that of 9.20㎎/1 in nonsmokers(p<0.05) while serum vitamin A level was not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that cigarette smoking in adolescence decreases serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin C and vitamin E even thoughth their smoking history is very short. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 349∼357, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

Various types of dried laver Pyropia yezoensis have been produced in response to increasing demand and other laver goods manufactured using different processing methods are continuously being developed. The dried laver used in this experiment was initially heated at $165^{\circ}C$ for 3 seconds, followed by second heating at a high temperature ($340-350^{\circ}C$) to increase the storage period and enhance taste and flavor. Nutrient analysis of each sample heated under three conditions revealed that the protein and lipid contents were highest in samples from D company, while the carbohydrate contents remained relatively stable. After storage for 10 weeks at room temperature, changes in the composition were evaluated. The results showed decrease in protein (30%-49%) and essential amino acid contents. During storage, the major unsaturated fatty acids contained in dried laver slightly changed to 53.4%-56.0% in the form of EPA, while saturated fatty acids slightly increased to 18.4%-22.6% in the form of palmitic acid. The variables derived from fatty acid composition, such as atherogenic and thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic dietary indices, and polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio, also indicated reasonable levels of stability. However, the laver should be consumed within 2 months.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Rice(Oryza stiva L.) is a major cereal food providing nourishment to over half of the world's populations and was considered only as a source of energy. However, The recent many researches have been made to suggest that rice may relate to prevention chronic disease and health-promoting properties such as postprandial glucose response, hypocholesterolemic effect and blood pressure-lowering effect. There has been numerous observation supporting that rice has hypocholesterolemic effect. Rice, rice bran, rice bran oil and unsaponifiable matter of rice bran oil reduced plasma cholesterol in rat, hamster as well as human. Components of rice showing hypocholesterolemic effect include dietary fiber(hemicellulose, phytic acid). protein, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, $\beta$-sitosterol, and tocotrienols. Crapo et al has been studied that the effect of various of starchy foods on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy and diabetic humans. The results showed that rice had lower blood glucose and insulin responses compared to potato, bread and dextrose. The different physical forms in the same starch also produce the different postprandial glucose and insulin responses. In recent years, several studies have shown that some components of rice have potent antioxidant activity against Fe$^{2+}$ -ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes. Cell culture and animal studies have shown that some components of rice have inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of several types of human cancer cell. It was also reported that the methanol extract of brown rice has antimutagenic activity against various mutagens. In addition, the pepsine hydrolysate from rice protein is reported to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme activity. GABA (${\gamma}$ - aminobutyric acid) and GABA enriched rice germ is also effective for lowering blood pressure and triglyceride levels.s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.591-597
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• 2003

To investigate antioxidative and antiaging effects of yellow and black soybeans in vivo system, male SD rats (n＝24) were fed the diets containing casein (C), yellow soybean (YS) or black soybean (BS) for 8 weeks. Experimental groups showed the preventive effect on lipid and protein oxidation, especially protein oxidation of plasma was significantly inhibited in BS group. SOD and catalase activities were not different among the groups, but hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity was significantly lowered in YS and BS groups compared with control group. The contents of superoxide anion radical in cytosol were significantly lowered in experimental groups compared with control group. And hydroxyl radical was slightly lowered in soybean groups. Lipofuscin accumulation on the heart and eyes of rats was effectively inhibited by yellow soybean and black soybean, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that yellow soybean and black soybean have the antioxidative/antiaging effect in vivo system and they have similar activities despite different color of seed coat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.508-514
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) levels on growth performance and body composition in juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica. Six semi-purified experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and iso-caloric containing 55.0% crude protein and 15% crude lipid (18.3 kJ of available energy $g^{-1}$). Six different levels of AA were added to the basal diet, with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.2% on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively ($AA_{0.07},\;AA_{0.22},\;AA_{0.43},\;AA_{0.57},\;AA_{0.78}\;or\;AA_{1.23}$). After a conditioning period, fish initially averaging 27${\pm}$0.5 g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into each aquarium as triplicate groups of 20 fish each. One of six experimental diets was fed on a DM basis to fish in three randomly selected aquaria at a rate of 2-3% of total body weight twice a day. At the end of the 12-week feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed $AA_{0.78}$ and $AA_{1.23}$ diets were significantly higher than of fish fed $AA_{0.07},\;AA_{0.22},\;AA_{0.43}$ diets (p<0.05). Specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed the $AA_{0.78}$ diet was significantly higher than of fish fed $AA_{0.07},\;AA_{0.22},\;AA_{0.43}$ diets (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in WG, SGR and FE among fish fed $AA_{0.57},\;AA_{0.78}\;or\;AA_{1.23}$ diets (p>0.05). Whole body AA deposition of fish fed the $AA_{1.23}$ diet was significantly higher than for the other diets (p<0.05). Broken-line model analysis on the basis of WG and SGR indicated that the dietary AA requirement could be greater than 0.69% but less than 0.71% of the diet in juvenile eel. The growth-promoting activity of AA observed in the present study provides strong support for the contention that dietary AA is essential for juvenile eel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 1996

To examine the effects of dietary fibers on gastrointestinal physiology, rats were fed with diets containing 10% sodium alginate,10% cellulose, or fiber-free diets for 5 weeks. The results obtained were as follows: The chronic consumption of sodium alginate induced a significant decrease in body weight gain and feeding efficiency, but a significant increase in length and weight of small intestine. Fecal bulk and weight were higher in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group. The chronic consumption of dietary fiber induced a significant increase in fecal output, resulting in tile decrease of apparent digestibility of protein and lipid. Pancreatic protease activity was lower in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group, whereas pancreatic amylase and lipase activities were not affected. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and light microscopy(LM) studies showed small intestine microvilli with numerous ridges and convolutions and goblet cells in fiber-fed groups. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the chronic consumption of dietary fiber decreases apparent digestibility of nutrients and induces morphological and biochemical adaptation of digestive organs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.414-419
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) supplementation on carcass and meat qualities of pig m. longissimus during chiller ageing. One hundred and twenty-two LYD (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were sampled from an industrial population. Seventy-four pigs (32 gilts and 42 barrows) were administered 3 ml of dietary supplementation of CAFC per day from 25 to 70 days of age, while the remaining 48 pigs (20 gilts and 28 barrows) were fed the same commercial feeding regime without the supplementation. For assessing the dietary effects on pH, objective meat color, cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and fatty acid composition during ageing, 20 barrows (10 of each treatment) were randomly sampled, and aged for 3, 7, 12, 16, 20 and 25 days in a $1^{\circ}C$ chiller. The results showed that CAFC-fed pigs required approximately 10 fewer feeding days than the control group. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in greatly higher carcass grade whereby the grade A was increased by approximately 35% and 7% for gilts and barrows, respectively. The treatment had no significant effect (p>0.05) on pH, meat color and WHC during ageing. On the other hand, the CAFC-fed pigs showed significantly (p<0.05) lower TBARS values from 20 days of storage. In addition, the sum of unsaturated fatty acids for the treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for the control group after the storage time. This implied that CAFC supplementation could reduce the formation of free radicals in fatty acids (i.e., lipid oxidation). The treatment also significantly (p<0.05) retarded VBN formation during ageing, indicating a significant reduction in protein degradation. However, as there was no difference in pH between the two groups, the result raised a possibility that antibacterial activity of the CAFC alone could cause reduction in the formation of TBARS and VBN. In this regard, although the treatment effectively slowed down the formation of TBARS and TBA during chiller ageing, it was not resolved whether that was associated with the direct effect of the antioxidant function of chitosan and/or alginate, or a consequence of their antibacterial functions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among body composition, dietary intake, and clinical blood indices in college students by body mass index (BMI). Their body compositions were determined by means of BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) method. Their dietary intake was determined using a 3-day record method and their hematological indices were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (Sysmex F-520). Their serum lipid levels were measured using biochemical analyzer (Spotchem). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal or over-weight groups according to their BMI. The subjects were 69 healthy college students aged 20 to 26 years. The average age, height, weight, and BMI was 21.3 years, 162.6 cm, 54.4 kg, and $20.6cm/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy was 1693 kcal, 84.7% of RDA and their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat were 54.5 : 16.4 : 29.0. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake among the groups except ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C. The ${\beta}$-carotene intake was significantly higher in the underweight group. Vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the overweight group. The mean intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate of subjects were 74.8% to 83.2% of RDA. Especially, intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate were lower in the abnormal weight groups. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in female college students were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. However, anemic subjects with hemoglobin (< 12 g/dl) and hematocrit (< 36 g/dl) accounted for about 11% of the subjects. The everall mean values of the serum lipid levels were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. But serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was lower than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the overweight group compared to the other groups. Based upon this study, it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more Ca, Fe, Zn, folate and less fat and cholesterol in order to have better health promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-123
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• 2013

HbA1c was recently adopted as a reliable indicator for screening diabetes. This study investigated the ability of nutrition consultation to prevent diabetes in overweight women (BMI 23 $kg/m^2$ or more) using HbA1c as an indicator. Twenty overweight and obese women (with $HbA1c{\geq}5.7$%) completed the 12-week nutritional study, with individual and personalized nutrition counseling performed every 2 weeks. The main study guidelines involved the following: 1) reducing the intake of high fat foods and alcohol, 2) consuming a large amount of vegetables, 3) reducing the intake of simple sugars and empty-calorie foods, and 4) increasing physical activity to ${\geq}30$ min/day. Anthropometric (height, weight, BMI, body muscle (kg), body fat (%), waist and hip circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profiles, hs-CRP) were measured before and after the nutrition consultation. After 12 weeks, the HbA1c<5.7% group had significant decreases in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, HbA1c, hs-CRP and also dietary intake of energy (P<0.01), carbohydrates, lipids (P<0.01), proteins (P<0.01) and cholesterol was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the HbA1c ${\geq}5.7$% group, HbA1c, TC, LDL, NON-HDL, hs-CRP and dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and cholesterol significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results suggest that nutrition consultation effectively helps to prevent diabetes in overweight and obese women after applying HbA1c standards. Overall, the improvement in all markers measured suggest that HbA1c is a good indicator for blood glucose regulation, helping to prevent diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2000

Effect of potato polyphenolic compound on the concentrations of serum and liver lipids, serum glucose, and urine protein was investigated in Sprague Dawley rats by feeding a diet containing 0.5% of cholesterol for 2 weeks. Polyphenolic compound extracted from potato (Solanum tuberosum variety Dejima) was supplemented at a 0.5% level in the basal diet or the cholesterol diet. The supplementation of potato polyphenolic compounds decreased slightly the concentrations of total cholesterol and VLDL+LDL-cholesterol in serum, and atherosclerotic index in rats fed the cholesterol diet, while those measurements were not altered by the supplementation of potato polyphenolic compounds in rats fed the basal diet. In the rats fed the basal diet or the cholesterol diet containing potato polyphenolic compounds, urine protein increased by 12% and 27% at 1st week, respectively, but this change was not seen at 2nd week. The concentration of serum glucose, however, was not significantly different in the dietary groups.