• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The effects of microbial phutase on laying performance and phosphorus utilization were examined at different levels of dietary nonphosphorus(NPP) in 320 23-week-old Hy-line brown hens for 12weeks. Diets were formulated 0.275%(T1), 0.220%(T2), 0.165%(T3) of NPP levels, and supplemental microbial phytase was 300DPU/kg diet constantly. Conventional diet(C) was formulated 0.275% NPP level without microbial phytase. Egg production and egg mass were higher in T2 than the others (p<0.05), and average egg weight was higher in T1 than the other (p<0.05). Egg productivity was tended to increase with supplemental phytase compared to conventional diet. Daily feed intake a hen also increased in T2 (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was improved slightly without significant difference. Eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly among the treatments. Haugh unit and yolk color were also not different. Calcium and phosphorus retention in body increased in T2 (p<0.05), but dry matter and nitrogen retention were not different significantly. Differences in nitrogen and calcium excretions were not found among the treatments. But phosphorus excretion decreased in order of dietary phosphorus levels with supplement phytase compared to C (p<0.05). Tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were similar among the treatments. In conclusion, supplemental microbial phytase in laying diet may help to utilize phytase phosphorus, and could decrease NPP intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.305-327
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• 1999

In the paper insight is given in the legislation policy to restrain environmental pollution by pig husbandry, focused on The Netherlands (Mineral Accounting System). Besides, nutritional measures are presented to reduce environmental pollution by lowering excretion of N and P, emphasizing (multi) phase feeding, the use of low protein, synthetic amino acids supplemented diets, phytase and its effect on phosphorus and calcium digestibility, its interaction with phytic acid and proteins, and the environmental impact of the use of phytase in pig diets. Also, nutritional means are indicated to reduce ammonia volatilization from pig operations. It is concluded that nutrition management can substantially contribute to reduction of N and P excretion by pigs, mainly by lowering dietary protein levels, (multi) phase feeding and the use of microbial phytase, and that the use of phytase on a large scale in The Netherlands has a tremendous environmental impact. In 20 years the excretion of P in growing-finishing pigs has more than halved. Ammonia emission from manure of pigs can be reduced substantially by lowering dietary protein content, but also by including additional non-starch polysaccharides in the diet. A very promising method to reduce ammonia emission is to manipulate dietary cation-anion difference, e.g. by adding acidifying salts to the diet, which will lower pH of urine substantially. Further research is desirable. This also applies to determining dietary factors influencing the odour release from manure. Finally, some speculation on the future of pig farming from an environmental viewpoint is presented.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2022

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Buttiauxella-derived phytase in finishing pigs fed corn/soybean meal diets with an increase in the calcium (Ca)/total phosphorus (P) (Ca/tP) ratio and a reduction in net energy on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility on the finishing pigs. A total of 90 crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) finishing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 56.94 ± 2.43 kg were used for an 11-week feeding trial. The pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (six replication/treatment and five pigs/pen) in a randomized complete block design according to their BW and gender. Dietary treatments consisted of supplementation of phytase (0.05, 0.07, and 0.1% in the control, Trt1 and Trt 2 diets, respectively) maintaining the Ca/tP ratio (1.67 : 1, 1.84 : 1, and 2.19 : 1 in control, Trt1 and Trt 2 diets, respectively) and reducing the net energy by 1% in Trt1 and Trt2 diets compared with the control diet. The results showed that dietary supplementation with phytase in the energy-reduced diet had a similar (p > 0.05) effect on the BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain/feed ratio of the finishing pigs. Also, there were no effects (p > 0.05) of treatment matrixes on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy. In conclusion, the increase of phytase and Ca/tP ratio and the reduction of net energy in the corn/soybean meal diet resulted in comparable growth performance and nutrient digestibility of finishing pigs relative to pigs fed the control diet.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.740-752
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• 2023

Objective: Dietary phytase increases bioavailability of phytate-bound phosphorus (P) in pig nutrition affecting dietary calcium (Ca) to P ratio, intestinal uptake, and systemic utilization of both minerals, which may contribute to improper bone mineralization. We used phytase to assess long-term effects of two dietary available P (aP) levels using a one-phase feeding system on gene expression related to Ca and P homeostasis along the intestinal tract and in the kidney, short-chain fatty acids in stomach, cecum, and colon, serum, and bone parameters in growing gilts and barrows. Methods: Growing pigs (37.9±6.2 kg) had either free access to a diet without (Con; 75 gilts and 69 barrows) or with phytase (650 phytase units; n = 72/diet) for 56 days. Samples of blood, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, cecal, and colonic mucosa and digesta, kidney, and metacarpal bones were collected from 24 pigs (6 gilts and 6 barrows per diet). Results: Phytase decreased daily feed intake and average daily gain, whereas aP intake increased with phytase versus Con diet (p<0.05). Gilts had higher colonic expression of TRPV5, CDH1, CLDN4, ZO1, and OCLN and renal expression of TRPV5 and SLC34A3 compared to barrows (p<0.05). Phytase increased duodenal expression of TRPV5, TRPV6, CALB1, PMCA1b, CDH1, CLDN4, ZO1, and OCLN compared to Con diet (p<0.05). Furthermore, phytase increased expression of SCL34A2 in cecum and of FGF23 and CLDN4 in colon compared to Con diet (p<0.05). Alongside, phytase decreased gastric propionate, cecal valerate, and colonic caproate versus Con diet (p<0.05). Phytase reduced cortical wall thickness and index of metacarpal bones (p<0.05). Conclusion: Gene expression results suggested an intestinal adaptation to increased dietary aP amount by increasing duodenal trans- and paracellular Ca absorption to balance the systemically available Ca and P levels, whereas no adaption of relevant gene expression in kidney occurred. Greater average daily gain in barrows related to higher feed intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effects of supplementing sesame seed meal (SSM) with phytase and lysine on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and antioxidant status of laying hens. Methods: A total of 960, 56-wk-old laying hens were divided into 12 dietary groups with eight replicates per group (10 birds per replicate). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2×3×2 consisted of two levels of lysine supplement (0% and 10% over requirement), three SSM levels (0%, 10%, and 20%) with or without phytase (0 and 300 g/ton). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks. Results: Birds fed diets with 10% SSM had higher feed intake than groups fed 0% and 20% SSM. The addition of phytase to experimental feeds, improved feed conversion ratio, increased egg weight and mass (p<0.01). Egg quality criteria was not affected by supplementing phytase; however, supplementing 300 g/ton phytase to hens diet, led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in egg shell strength. Egg yolk cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index and total cholesterol were decreased (p<0.01) by diet containing 20% SSM. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased (p<0.05) in serum of hens fed 20% SSM than the other groups. It was also observed that total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase content of hens fed 20% SSM was significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: As from results, dietary supplementation of SSM and phytase had no negative effects on laying hens performance or egg quality while improving the egg oxidative stability.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2009

본 시험은 사료 내 phytase 첨가가 산란계의 분뇨 배설량 및 질소와 인의 배설량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험에 사용된 닭은 1일령 ISA Brown종 산란계(평균체중 $44.7{\pm}1.5\;g$) 360수이며, 65주령에 걸쳐서 분뇨 배설량 및 55주령에서 phytase의 첨가에 따른 총 배설량과 질소와 인의 배설량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험 사료는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 육계 사료를 육성기와 산란기로 분류하고, 육성기는 초생추(0~5주령), 중추(5~12주령), 대추(12~16주령)와 산란 전(16주령~초란), 산란기는 산란 초기(초란~32주령), 전기(32~45주령), 후기(45~55주령), 말기(55주령~)로 나누어 급여했다. Phytase의 첨가에 따른 55주령의 산란계 총 배설량 및 질소와 인의 배설량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 후기 기초사료에 phytase(0, 300, 600 FTU/kg)를 첨가하여, 총 3처리구, 처리구당 10수씩 대조구와 유사한 체중별로 선별하여 완전임의 배치하였다. 산란계의 전 시험기간 중 평균 체중과 사료 섭취량, 음수량 및 분뇨 배설량은 각각 1,622 과 105.7 g, 187.2 mL 및 124.7 g/수/일로 조사되었다. Phytase의 첨가에 따른 분뇨 배설량은 건물(33.2, 31.2, 30.5 g/일) 및 질소(0.46, 0.42, 0.40 g/일)와 인(0.51, 0.49, 0.48 g/일)으로서 Phytase의 첨가에 따라 감소하였으며, phytase의 첨가량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 그러나 건물 분뇨 배설량에서 phytase 무첨가구와 300 FTU/kg phytase 첨가구간에는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 본 시험을 통하여 산란계의 총 배설량 및 질소와 인의 배설량을 조사하고, 단기간의 phytase 첨가도 산란계의 분뇨 배설량 및 질소와 인의 배설량을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1743-1749
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of commercial phytase and ${\beta}-glucanase$ to wheat-soybean meal based layer diets. Control (17% CP) and reduced protein (13.5% CP) diets were compared with and without phytase and/or ${\beta}-glucanase$. Reducing dietary crude protein levels reduced the amount of N excreted by laying hens with no adverse affect on egg production or overall feed conversion ratio. There was, however, a slight reduction in average egg weight. When phytase was added to the control protein diets it was possible to reduce the level of dicalcium phosphate in the diet without a loss in performance and daily P output was reduced significantly. When phytase was added to the reduced protein diets, however, there was a dramatic loss in performance in the last four weeks of the study. Supplementation of ${\beta}-glucanase$ to wheat based layer diet did not appear to have beneficial affects in terms of laying performance and reducing nitrogen or phosphorus excretion. Combination of phytase and ${\beta}-glucanase$ had no positive effects on laying performance or reduction of DM, N and P.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

본 연구는 비육돈에 Escherichia coli phytase를 첨가 급여하여 생산성, 도체특성 및 분 내 구리와 아연 함량에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위해 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종 비육돈 72두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 체중이 65.43±0.72kg 이었고, 56일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) CON(기초사료), 2) P5(기초사료+phytase 0.05%) 및 3) P10(기초사료 + phytase 0.1%)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 전체시험 기간 동안 사료섭취량은 phytase를 첨가한 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 시험 5주에서 건물, 질소 및 회분 소화율은 P5 처리구가 대조구 및 P10 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 대조구가 가장 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 인 소화율은 phytase를 첨가한 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 육의 pH는 대조구가 phytase를 첨가한 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 육색에 있어서 명도를 나타내는 L* 값은 P10처리구가 대조구 및 P5 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 적색도를 나타내는 a* 값은 대조구가 phytase를 첨가한 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 분내 구리와 아연의 함량은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과 비육돈에 phytase의 첨가 급여는 일당사료섭취량, 영양소 소화율, 육내 pH 및 육색에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1999

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Kemzyme, phytase, yeast and a combination of Kemzyme, phytase and yeast (KPY) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilizability and the nutrients excretion in broiler chicks. Experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were supplemented with 0.05% Kemzyme, 0.1% phytase, 0.1% yeast, 0.25% KPY (0.05% Kemzyme + 0.1% phytase + 0.1% yeast), respectively. Each treatment had six replicates of six male birds each. A total of 180 Arbor Ares broiler chicks were fed these diets for a period of six weeks. Numerically better body weight gain was found in chicks fed Kemzyme, phytase, yeast of KPY supplemented diet. Feed conversion rate was improved by the addition of KPY compared with control group (p < 0.05). Mortality was successfully reduced by supplementation of enzymes, yeast or a combination of enzymes and yeast. The excretions of N and P were considerably reduced by supplementation of dietary enzymes, yeast or combination of all three substances, especially for KPY fed group in starting period. The nutrient excretions in the finishing period were not significantly different. It appeared that the use of Kemzyme, phytase and yeast simultaneously had an additive effect on growth rate and nutrient excretion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.957-961
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• 2000

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate phytin phosphohydrolysis actlVlty in the rumen and to isolate phytase positive rumen bacteria. Endogenous phytase activity of wheat bran was estimated and compared with that of bacterial phytin phosphohydrolysis. Substantial phytase activity was detected in wheat bran during in vitro rumen incubation. Bacterial phytase activity was suggested not to be high. Only two facultative anaerobes, Klebsiella sp. and Corynebacterium sp. were isolated as phytase producing organisms. These belonged to a minor microbial group in the rumen population. Protozoal fraction showed an initial velocity of phytin phosphohydrolysis 7 times higher than the bacterial fraction.