• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 1986

The present survey was designed to investigate correlations among blood pressure, nutritional intakes, and various environmental factors in Korean adult males, and to observe the difference in dietary intakes between hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Two hundred forty-three adult men from Seoul and rural areas were interviewed about their food intakes, dietary patterns, food habits, and general environmental factors from December 20, 1982 to February 15, 1983. Their dietary intakes were surveyed by means of 24-hour recall diet method. Dietary score card was used in order to evaluate the quality of routine diet of the subject. Variables of environmental factors and factors related to hypertension were expressed as percentage, and the differences in nutrient intake and food score of each sub-group were examined by means of t-test. Correlation of all the variables were analyzed by Pearsons Correlation Coefficient. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. 38% of the subjects were between the ages of 40~49, and about one-half of the subjects were middle or high school graduates. 28% of the subjects earned 210, 000~350, 000 Won per month, and income distribution was almost identical to that of the urban population of Korea. 2. There was more overweight or obese found in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive subjects. About 40% of the hypertensive patients reported a family history of hypertension, and their knowledge about hypertension was rather poor, but slightly better than the normotensive subjects. The patient group had less adherence to smoking and alcohol compared with the normotensive subjects, but no difference was observed in coffee drinking. The mean value of the blood pressure for the normotensive subjects was 127/86mmHg and 175/109mmHg for the hypertensive group. 3. Nutrient intake for the hypertensive group was lower for most of nutrients than in the healthy group. Hypertensive patients on diet therapy consumed less calories and carbohydrates compared with those who do not follow diet therapy. 4. There was no difference intake of these food groups between patients and the healthy group. Food score was strongly related to consumption of animal protein, saturated fats, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, and Vitamin C, which are prone to be deficient in the typical Korean diet. 5. Blood pressure had a strong positive correlation with age, body weight, and socioeconomic level. In addition, monthly income was positively related with age and education level. 6. Three was a positive relationship between blood pressure and consumption of vegetable protein, and a negative relationship with consumption of Calories, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Niacin, and Vitamin C. Animal protein intake increased as income and education levels increased, but this tendency was opposite for carbohydrates. In summary, nutritional intakes are strongly correlated with various environmental factors and the level of blood pressure. There was no difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects with respect to the quality of food consumed except restricting energy and carbohydrate in the patient group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of obesity of 212 women (age 45-60 years) in Seoul and the Kyunggi area through analysis of BMI and the dietary life factors related to obesity using a survey on dietary habits, dietary assessment, and nutrient intake. The height of the underweight group was taller than normal. The height of the obese group was equal to that of the normal group, but the weight was 8.5 kg greater than the normal group. Women in the underweight group consumed meals irregularly, and only 33.4% ate breakfast. Additionally, the rate of overeating was low in the underweight group, and milk, dairy products (yogurt, etc.), fruit, and fruit juice were consumed more than once a day. It was found that 62.1% of the women in the obese group never ate out, and the rate of eating one serving of fruit, drinking one cup of fruit juice, and eating various kinds of foods was high. The average point of women's dietary life was $21.9{\pm}2.9$, and 12.7% of all women responded that their dietary life was good. However, in the obese group, only 6.9% of the women reported that their dietary life was good. Evaluation of snacking habits revealed that the underweight group consumed a high level of carbonated drinks and ice cream, whereas for in the obese group, 24.1% of the women consumed milk and its products and 5.6% regularly consumed fast and fried foods. Evaluation of nutrient intake revealed that the consumption of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E was high in all of the groups, but the intake of folic acid in the underweight group was lower than the required level. Overall, 24.1% of the women in the obese group were found to have metabolic diseases, mostly hypertension (43%). In conclusion, a balanced diet to avoid excessive nutrient intake is needed to prevent obesity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.388-398
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the consciousness of health status and nutrient intake of farmers in Korea. Eight hundred were surveyed by rural leaders of Rural Development Administration(RDA), composed of 35.1 % male and 64.9% female. Data collection included personal & family situation by Interview method for influencial factors of health status. Food intake was determined by semiquantitative food frequency method with 65 kinds of foods. 32.5% of the subjects were elementary school graduates, younger age groups and males had higher levels of education. Mean family numbers was 4.2 persons. In the concept of disease prevalence, gender difference existed. Liver and heart ailments were frequent in males and waist pain and urinary complaints in females, and schoulder pain and nervesness were frequently prevalent to all farmers. The energy intake of farmers was 2000Kca1/day, 19:16:65 of PFC(protein, fat, and carbohydrate) ratio was approached at recommended composition of energy. But calcium and iron were lower than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowences(KRDA), Vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, and vitamin C were over of KRDA, but riboflavin, pyridoxin, and vitamin I were lower than KRDA. The nutrient intakes of poor health groups were significantly lower than those of healthy. In fatty acid composition, monounsaturated fatty acids(FA) intake was higher than that of saturated FA. The CMI (Cornell Medical Index) and Farmers' syndrome were significantly correlated with personal factors, such as height, number in family, education level, and working level. But the correlation of health status with nutrient intakes were only weakly significant. Depending on the regression analysis, Farmers' syndrome explanation about nutrient intake was low(R2 was only 0.01 more or less), but some nutrients (energy, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin E, and lipids) could explain this significantly. It was concluded that body complaints of farmers could ameliorate with good nutrition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1304-1308
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• 2000

A total of thirty-six gilts $(24.78{\pm}1.39kg)$ were employed for 38 days (Exp. 1), and twenty-four gilts $(46.50{\pm}1.90kg)$ for 43 days (Exp. 2) to determine growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs fed dried food waste (DFW). Pigs were allocated by dietary treatments: 0%, 20% and 40% DFW. For nutrient digestibility, twelve female pigs $(50.20{\pm}0.52kg)$ were used in individual pens to collect feces. Food wastes were collected from restaurants and apartment complex areas and dried in a drum-type dryer at $115{\pm}2{^{\circ}C}$. Experimental diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,400 kcal DE/kg and 17% crude protein. The tested DFW contained 2,858 kcal DE/kg, 25.0% crude protein, 17.3% crude fat, 1.37% Ca, 1.28% P, and 3.28% NaCl. As compared to crude protein content, the limiting amino acids (i.e., 0.90% lysine and 0.52% methionine) were low. The digestibilities of energy, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the DFW were generally lower than those in the grower diets, but the digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat were higher in DFW than the grower diet. Feeding DFW in pigs had a linear (p<0.01) effect on ADG and feed/gain as the inclusion levels of DFW were increased (Exp. 1). The ADG of pigs fed 40% DFW was also poorer (p<0.05) than that fed the control diet (Exp. 2). Carcass characteristics in terms of backfat and dressing percentage were not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, it seems that the optimal dietary inclusion level of the DFW is about 20% in the diet for growing-finishing pigs.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between obesity, health-related lifestyle, and dietary intake and serum lipid level in 96 male university students. Health-related lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hr recall and two-day dietary record. Anthoropometric data were recorded and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured. 21.9%, 36.5%, 36.5%, and 6.2% of the subjects had levels beyond the normal range in serum total cholesterol(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), and triacyglycerol respectively, and 57.3% of the subjects had more than one hyperlipidemic factor. TC was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), waist length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.05), and the amount of smoking(p〈0.05). HDL-C was correlated negatively with BMI(p〈0.05) and hip lenghth(p〈0.05). LTD-C was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), water length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.01), and coffee consumption(p〈0.05). TG was correlated positively with waist length(p〈0.01), waist-to-hip ratio(p〈0.05), and amount of smoking(p〈0.01) and negatively correlated with frequence of exercise(p〈0.05). Among nutrient intakes, only the ratio of protein to energy was correlated negatively with TC(p〈0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, waist length, hip length, waist-to-hip ratio, and amount of cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of hyper-TC. BMI, waist length, and hip length were associated with an increased risk of hypo-HDL-C. BMI and coffee consumption were associated with an increased risk of hyper-LDL-C. Amount of cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of hyper-TG. In conclusion, a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia in subjects was observed. Also obesity, smoking, and coffee consumption were observed to be highly with the risk of hyperlipidemia in subjects. These findings imply that these factors should be primarily considered in planing the nutrition education program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in male university students.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.127-130
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• 2004

Lathyrus sativus, locally known as Khesari, is a leguminous pulse crop grown in many parts of the world for food (used by poor people) and animal feed/fodder. Its seeds are rich in protein and energy but contains anti-nutritional factors prominent among which is ${\beta}$-N-Oxalylamino-L-Alanine (BOAA), a neurotoxin causing lathyrism in humans due to prolong consumption. Keeping in view the chemical characteristics of this toxin and literary facts on L. sativus feeding in terrestrial animals, it was hypothesized that aquatic species may better utilise this ingredient in mixed extruded diets. Diets were prepared with varying levels (0, 10, 18, 26 and 34%) of L. sativus seeds and fed for 60 days to study growth, body composition and digestibility of nutrients. Final body weight, specific growth rate and feed and protein conversion ratio did not differ (p>0.05) between treatments. Crude protein digestibility was reduced (p<0.01) beyond 26% inclusion level of L. sativus. Final carcass composition with regard to protein, lipid and ash did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatments. Comparable craniosomatic, viscerosomatic, renosomatic and hepatic indices and no mortality implies no apparent adverse effect on the vital organs and fish health. It was concluded that L. sativus can be a promising feed ingredient that can be used up to 34% or possibly higher level in fingerlings diet. To our knowledge, it appears to be the first report of its kind under laboratory conditions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.833-841
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was investigation of quality and quantity of nutritional intake related oral health status among Korean elders. Methods : The nutrient intake and the dietary quality was evaluated on the basis of the Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans(KDRIs). Chi-square test for Complex Samples was used to determine the relationship between oral health and inadequate nutrient intake in Korean elders. The complex samples general linear model was used to test difference of average value difference of nutrient intake percentage compared to dietary reference intake(DRI), energy intake rate from three major nutrients, average mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and index of nutritional quality(INQ) related oral health status. Age, sex and total energy intake was compensated for this analysis. PASW 18 was used for statistical analysis. Results : We could found the difference of the nutrient intake and the dietary quality related oral health status among Korean elders. Especially, Nutrient intake percentage and component ratio of protein among energy intake rate from three major nutrient was lower as oral health status became worse. The percentage of subjects with nutritional intakes under showed highest level in worst oral health status. As oral health status became worse, average mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was lower and the number of nutrient of which index of nutritional quality(INQ) was under 1 was more. Conclusions : From the result above, this study clearly shows the level of oral health affecting the inequalities of eating and the food for the people. And the various propose of oral health policies is needed for vulnerable groups who needs solution to solve the problem of inequality of food distribution where intensive distribution of nutrition problem occurred. Sufficient, safe, and a variety of healthy food intake is a fundamental right of our people. And also, to apply this policy in reality, institutional arrangements and organizations, and specific performing system will be needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 1999

Consumers are increasingly quality orientated and an understanding of the factors that influence product quality is a prerequisite to the development of programs to produce quality pork to meet market requirements. Pork quality is comprised of many components and is multi-factorial in nature. This review focuses on genetic and environmental influences on muscle color, water holding capacity, and palatability attributes. The impact of genetic factors such as breed variation and the influence of major genes (the Halothane and Rendement Napole genes), as well as relationships between carcass leanness and quality, are considered. In addition, the effect of nutrition, including vitamins and minerals, feeding level, and dietary energy:protein ratio, on pork quality is reviewed. Finally, the impact of diet on fat composition and quality is summarized.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1988

This survey was undertaken to evaluate the correlationship between the nutrients intakes and the environmental factors that was assumed to influence to them in the preschool children in Masan city. Their average energy intake was met with the korean recommended dietary Allowance(RDA), and the other nutrients intakes exceeded to. The percentage of carbohydrate, fat and protein among daily total energy intakes was showed 67 : 18 : 15 in order and it is similar to the proposal-value of RDA. The higher socioeconomic level of family, and educational degree of their parent were, the more amounts of nutrients intakes inc4eased. Especially educational level of mother can affect the amounts of nutrients intakes greatly. It is considered that the development of nutritional program for the more concrete and various education for their patron should be done.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.310-314
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• 2013

This study investigated the utilization of beef tallow and dextrin as non-protein energy sources in the diet of juvenile far eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Three replicated groups of juveniles (initial mean weight of 3.6 g) were fed diets containing high levels of beef tallow or dextrin for six weeks. The final mean weight of fish fed on a 17% lipid diet with a high level of beef tallow was significantly higher than that of fish fed on a 9% lipid diet with a high level of dextrin (P=0.04). No significant differences were observed in the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed on the experimental diets. Crude lipid content and the C18:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 contents of whole-body fish were significantly affected by diet (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that beef tallow is better than dextrin as a non-protein energy source for improving the growth of juvenile far eastern catfish, and that beef tallow could be economically used as an ingredient in practical feed.