• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.925-933
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• 1996

This study intended to compare the hypolipidemic effects among six experimental groups fed by three different dietary carbohydrates on hyperlipodemic rats. Sixty experimental animals were divided into 6 groups, SB, ST, SP and CB, CT, CP after production of hyperlipidemia fed by SB diet on Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Rats were fed by six experimental diets for eight weeks. Hyjperlipidemic rats showed three times higher in plasma TG level not in cholesterol content compare to control group fed by stock diet. Two different dietary carbohydrates seem to be effective in body weight gain and fat cumulation as weight of epididymal fat pad. In comparison of S and C groups, C fed groups showed lowering effect in plasma TG and total lipid contents, but among S fed groups, ST and SP group showed lower than SB in this respects. Dietary carbohydrates seem to be more effective than fat in plasma lipid contents. When we compare among three different fat groups, only T groups with different carbohydrates increased in peroxisomal lipid oxidation and decreased in lipogenic enzyme activites. As same token, sucrose fed group with three fat sources seem to increase activiteies enzyme activities. In epididymal fat pad and Heart, SP and CP effect more in LPL activites than other groups. In conclusion, we can recommed to consume polysaccharides rather than disaccharide and n-3 fatty acids such as perilla and tuna oils to alleviate hypertringlycemic condition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.622-630
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to establish an association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), dietary carbohydrates and diabetes with the context of the current population dietary practice in Korea. The subjects of 3,389 adults (male 1,430, female 1,959) were divided into normal (serum fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (100 ${\leq}$ serum fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL), diabetes (serum fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL) by serum fasting glucose. Anthropometric and hematologic factors, and nutrient intakes, dietary glycemic index (DGI), dietary glycemic load (DGL) were assessed. Multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for relationship of DGI, DGL, carbohydrates intakes, and diabetes. DGI and DGL were not significantly correlated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. However, the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes showed a tendency to increase as increase of DGI after multivariate adjustment (age, education, income, region area, diabetes family history, smoking, drinking, exercise, energy intake) in male. The risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes showed a tendency to increase in the DGI 71.1-74.8 after multivariate adjustment in female. DGL was inversely related to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in male. In female, however, DGL was positively related to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. In particular, the risk of diabetes increased positively in level of DGL 260.5, and remained after multivariate adjustment (Q5 vs Q1：2.38, 0.87-6.48). When percent energy intakes from carbohydrates were more than 70%, the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes increased in both male and female. In particular, when percent energy intakes from carbohydrates were more than 69.9%, the risk of diabetes increased positively in male (Q4 vs Q1：2.34, 1.16-4.17). In conclusion, above 70% energy intakes from carbohydrates appeared to be a risk factor of diabetes. It seemed that the meal with high GI and GL value must be avoided it. And also, the macronutrients of the meal must be properly balanced. In particular, it may be said that it is a preventive way for treatment of the diabetes to avoid eating carbohydrates of much quantity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary patterns and compare dietary patterns using cluster and factor analysis in Korean adults. This study analyzed data of 4,182 adult populations who aged 30 and more and had all of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data from 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Socio-demographic data was assessed by questionnaire and dietary data from 24-hour recall method was used. For cluster analysis, the percent of energy intake from each food group was used and 4 patterns were identified: "traditional", "bread, fruit & vegetable, milk", "noodle & egg", and "meat, fish, alcohol". The "traditional" pattern group was more likely to be old, less educated, living in a rural area and had higher percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates than other pattern groups. "Meat, fish, alcohol" group was more likely to be male and higher percentage of energy intake from fat. For factor analysis, mean amount of each food group was used and also 4 patterns were identified; "traditional", "modified", "bread, fruit, milk", and "noodle, egg, mushroom". People who showed higher factor score of "traditional" pattern were more likely to be elderly, less educated, and living in a rural area and higher proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates. In conclusion, three dietary patterns defined by cluster and factor analysis separately were similar and all dietary patterns were affected by socio-demographic factors and nutrient profile.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2024

The prevalence of obesity has been increasing worldwide. Several dietary treatments have been suggested to control weight, and recent guidelines recommend individualizing the composition of macronutrients. Carbohydrates are the most important nutrients in meals, and carbohydrate restriction is a dietary strategy that promotes weight loss. A low-carbohydrate diet is effective for short-term weight loss and can help improve glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels; however, the long-term effects and safety of this diet remains doubtful. In the short term, there is a risk of gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroesophageal reflux, and type 1 diabetes patients are at risk of severe hypoglycemia, while in the long term, it can lead to malnutrition and decreased exercise capacity. Thus, rather than limiting the intake of carbohydrates, it is important to limit the intake of refined grains, sugar, honey, syrup, and sweetened beverages while maintaining the planned carbohydrate intake rate and improving meal quality.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.358-374
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• 2019

소비자들은 건강에 관한 관심이 계속 증가할 것이며 이에 저열량 식품에 대한 요구에 부응하는 소재의 개발이 필요하다. 저열량 식품소재의 개발에 있어 열량을 낮춘 소재의 기능성과 최종제품의 품질을 잘 유지할 수 있는 관능성이 중요하다. 이에 난소화성 전분과 난소화성 말토덱스트린은 이러한 필요를 충족시킬 수 있는 소재이며 일반 식이섬유보다 다양한 제품에 품질을 자유롭게 조절할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 난소화성 전분은 입자가 작고 색이 하얗고 특별한 냄새와 맛이 없기에 제빵, 파스타, 시리얼, 스낵 제품 등에 식이섬유 함량을 높이거나 제품의 품질을 향상하는데 저열량 소재로 사용되고 있고 난소화성 말토덱스트린은 식후혈당 상승억제, 혈중 중성지방 개선, 배변 활동 원활하게 하는 기능성 원료이기에 음료, 건강보조식품, 일반 식품에서 저열량 소재로 많이 활용되고 있으며 앞으로도 다양한 저열량 식품에 소재로 활용될 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.231-242
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• 1990

A study is reported which investigated the additive nature of digestible energy (DE) from dietary nutrients and to estimate the relative energy values of different energy-yielding nutrients in practical trout diets. A growth study was conducted over 12 weeks with 6 diets. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets once a day ad libitum. Digestible energy values determined and calculated had direct relationship indicating additive nature of such values for feed ingredients. Overall growth performance was best in a diet containing 33% digestible protein (DP) with a DP/DE ratio of 18.6. A reduction in digestible protein level with the same DP/DE rat io led to a significant decrease in growth and feed efficiency. The increase of 7% of lipid with concomitant decrease in protein resulted in the relative gain of 130% in growth and nutrient retention, suggesting that 1 g of lipid is equal to about 1.3 g of proteins in terms of net energetic value. Replacement of 10% of dietary lipid by carbohydrates led to a slight decrease in energy retention efficiency but to a great increase in lipid retention efficiency (130%) showing that dietary carbohydrates led to increased lipogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.859-863
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• 2018

Objective: Since very little information exists about the topic; in this experiment we compare, in a long-term finishing program, the growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers where non-structural carbohydrate concentration of the diet is reduced from 64% to 51% (dry matter basis). Methods: Sixty Holstein steer calves ($129{\pm}2.2kg$) were blocked by initial weight into five groups and randomly assigned within weight groupings to 10 pens. Calves were fed with a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets containing 51% higher fiber (HF) or 64% lower fiber (LF) nonstructural carbohydrates. Non-structural carbohydrates concentrations were manipulated substituting dried distiller grain with solubles and alfalfa hay for flaked corn. Cattle were weighed every 112 days and at the end of the experiment (day 308) when the cattle were harvested and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Results: Steers fed the HF diet showed improvement (8.8%) in average daily gain (ADG) during the initial 112-d period. This effect was followed by a numerical trend for greater ADG throughout the remainder of the study so that overall ADG tended to be greater (4.9%, p = 0.06) for the HF than for LF. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake. Gain efficiency and estimated dietary net energy (NE) were greater 8.3% and 5.2%, respectively for HF during the initial 112-d period. Overall (308-d) gain efficiency and estimated dietary NE were similar for both dietary treatments. However, due to differences in tabular dietary NE, the ratio of observed:expected dietary NE tended to be greater (4.1%, p = 0.06) for the HF vs LF diet. There were no treatment effects on carcass characteristics except for a tendency toward a slightly greater (0.5%, p = 0.09) estimated carcass yield. Conclusion: Reducing the non-structural carbohydrate concentration of a conventional steam-flaked corn-based growing finishing diet for Holstein steers can effectively enhance growth performance, particularly during the early growing and late finishing phases.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.214-224
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• 2015

This study was conducted to identify the combination of foods and foodservice menu patterns, food supply rankings and dietary quality through the a collection of school menus from the fifth week of October 2009, up to the fourth week of November 2009, in three American international schools in Korea. The results of analysis were as follows. For the basic pattern of American international school foodservice menu, dietary patterns comprised of rice, soup, five side dishes, Kimchi and snacks were 23.19%, while menu pattern comprised of rice, soup, four side dishes, Kimchi and snacks were 18.84%. The two dietary patterns accounted for 42.03%. For the foodservice frequency and food rankings from No. 1 to No. 5, vegetables and seasoned vegetables were the highest, followed by cooked rice, Kimchi, soup, and stir-fried foods. For nutrients, the intake ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat for the calories provided at the three schools was 57:18:24, 53:18:29, and 55:18:27. Compared with 55~70:7~20:15~25 according to by Korean nutrition standards, carbohydrates and protein were adequate, but fat was high. For the recommended nutrient intake (RNI), the provided nutrient ratio was higher than the RI of nutrition standards in schools. For the average nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), all three schools were above 1. School C had an above-average ratio for vitamin B-complex and vitamin A. Phosphorus showed a significant difference in the nutrient density. For DDS, school C provided all five main food groups every day.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.715-719
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• 1996

Dietary fibers consist mostly of complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, and also included are carbohydrate-based gums or hydrocolloids exampled as alginate, carrageenan, galactomannan xanthan, etc. Due to structural diversity, dietary fibers can be classified by various ways i.e., source, plant function, solubility, charge and topology. Understanding on the plant cell wall structure is of primary importance, since physicochemical properties of dietary fibers are dependent on the existence patterns in the cell wall. Depending on the four distinct observational dimensions, the physical parameters of dietary fibers were discussed in terms of raw sources, bulky & complex plant cell wall materials, individually separated hydrocolloid materials and specifically designed materials. Each existence state possesses the distinct physical parameters governing a variety of physiological properties of dietary fibers.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1995

한국산 마의 주요 품종인 D. batatas, D. aimadoimo 및 D. japonica 등 3가지 품종의 일반성분을 분석하여 비교하였고 각 시료들을 동결건조하여 분말로 만든 다음 분획하여 HPLC에 의한 탄수화물의 조성과 함량, DNS법에 의한 환원당을 정량하였다. 탄수화물 중 유리당을 구성하는 주된 조성은 fructose, glucose, sucrose 및 maltose 등이었고 이 중 D. batatas에서는 glucose와 sucrose, D. aimadoimo와 D. japonica에서는 fructose와 sucrose가 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있었다. 총당은 주로 mannose와 glucose로 구성 되었고 3가지 품종 모두 mannose가 80% 이상으로, 이는 마가 감자나 고구마보다 끈끈한 점질물로 알려진 mannan이 많기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. Soluble fraction과 전체 마에서의 환원당 정량결과 soluble fraction에서 당함량은 D. aimadoimo가 가장 많았고, insoluble fraction에서 당함량은 D. japonica가 가장 많았다.