• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2012

This study investigated dietary behavior and nutrient intake in children with developmental disorders as compared with non-disabled children and assessed the relationship between dietary behavior and nutrient intake. The survey was conducted on 118 students ($4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ grade) of four special education schools and 244 students of an elementary school (control group). The survey was carried out using a questionnaire and an interview. Of the disabled children, children with a mental disorder comprised 72.9% and those with emotional disorders including autism comprised 26.3%. The average percentages of height and weight to standards for age were significantly lower in the disabled female children as compared with the non-disabled female children. Scores for table utensil handling skills, eating behavior, and an unbalanced diet were lower in the disabled children compared with those in the non-disabled children. Dietary behavior scores were not significantly different by either gender or age in the disabled children. Mean energy intake was less than the estimated energy requirement in both groups. Nutrients taken at less than the recommended intake level were calcium, iron, vitamin A, and folate in both groups. Food behavior score at mealtime, personal hygiene score at mealtime, and an unbalanced diet score were significantly correlated with iron and vitamin A intake in disabled male children. Personal hygiene score at mealtime was significantly correlated with calcium, iron, and vitamin A intake, and unbalanced diet score was significantly correlated with iron and vitamin A intake in disabled female children. Although the nutritional status of disabled children with developmental disorders was appropriate in general, improvement in their dietary behaviors through education and practice would allow them to eat balanced diets with essential nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.654-661
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• 2000

Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease which is considered the leading cause of death in Korea. Since nonpharmarologic dietary intervention is recommended as the first step in the management of hypertension, evaluation of intervention programs is needed to formulate strategies for improving patients' dietary adherence. This study was designed to evaluate the overall effectiveness of a hypertension nutrition education program (HNEP) at a public health center, by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, food attitude, self-efficacy, dietary behavior, and nutrient intake after program completion. An HNEP was conducted in Suwon city for 5 months in 1999 by a public health center. The program provided 3 sessions of group education with individual nutrition counseling. Thirty-five patients participated fully in the program out of 62 enrollees. Data about nutrition knowledge, food attitude, self-efficacy, dietary behavior, and intake (24-hour recall) were collected before (baseline) and after the program. Post program results indicate the following : 1) nutrition knowledge and perception of importance of nutrition significantly increased, 2) food attitudes also improved, 3) the self-efficacy for maintaining a low salt diet was increased significantly, whereas self-efficacy for maintaining a low fat diet or dietary guidelines was not improved, 4) frequency of intake of processed food, animal fat, and sweets as well as frequency of dining out were significantly reduced, 5) nutrient intake was not improved after the program, 6) the most serious barrier for participating in the program and practicing diet therapy was lack of time and willingness. In conclusion, it appears that HNEP might improve food attitudes, individual perceptions and self-efficacy for desirable eating behavior, but it might not improve dietary intake. It follows then, that a long term intervention program may need to increase effectiveness of patient dietary adherence.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.387-400
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was designed to find out factors that are needed to be improved for the Buddhist training environment of Sramanera Sramanerika monks, who have been newly adapted for their life style after becoming a monk, and to provide basic data for the development of the standard diet in Buddhist temples. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to 365 Sramanera Sramanerika monks at 11 Buddhist monk universities. The questionnaire was designed to investigate their dietary habits, dietary evaluation, satisfaction of food service, and food preferences. Results: The study population consisted of 52.6% men, and 47.4% women. The subjects who had a vegetarian diet before joining the Buddhist priesthood were 27.7% women, and 13.5% men (p<0.01). 42.2% of the total subjects felt that they are healthy now and 19.4% felt weak. The most difficulty of dieting adaptation as soon as entering the priesthood was the strict diet rules (42.9%). The subjects considered health or nutrition (40.0%) highly when having meals. 94.8% women, 84.1% men ate breakfast every day (p<0.001). Women (55.4%) frequently ate snacks more than men (26.6%) (p<0.001). The results of the dietary evaluation indicated that the intake of milk, soy milk or dairy products and beans or tofu received lower than 3 points and women had lower point result than men (p<0.001). Foods with higher preference were grilled mushrooms, grilled laver, miso stew, sweet and sour mushrooms, steamed tofu with seasoning. Conclusions: Women were more interested in their health than men but they also required to improve the nutritional eating habits. It appeared that the lower intake rates of the calcium containing food (milk and dairy), and proteins (beans and tofu) could result in nutritional imbalance. Therefore, it is necessary to offer food based on the standard menu plan with consideration given to their food preferences in order to maintain their health and desirable dietary habits.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine factors with attendance in hyperlipidemia nutrition eduction program among 101 hyperlipidemic outpatients (38 males 63 females) at Samsung Medical Center We employed the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the theoretical framework The individual nutrition education and counseling program was scheduled with 4- half hour session sin 2 to 4 weeks intervals. Upon initiation of the program a trained dietitian surveyed HBM constructs and psychosocial factors. The following were included perceived susceptibility to cardiovascular disease(CVD) perceived severity to CVD percieved benefits to diet modification perceived barriers to persistence in maintaining therapy and self efficicacy and social support from family Sociodemographic data health factors stress level nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall behavior were also surveyed All these data was analyzed according to the number of nutrition sessions attended The subjects were 55.9$\pm$9.4 year old and 24.6$\pm$kg/㎡ Sociodemographic factors were not associated with the number of nutrition sessions attended HBM constructs and psychosocial factors were significantly associated with the number of nutrition sessions attended. According to Spearman correlation coefficients. From stepwis regression analyses using HBM constructs as independent variables perceive barriers to persistence in maintaining diet therapy (negative) proved to be the strongest predictors for the number of nutrition sessions attended (partial R$^2$= 72.3%) followed by perceived severity to CVD and self efficacy (model R$^2$=76.6% The findings indicate that HBM constructs and psychosocial factors were closely associated with patient attendance It suggests that information and guidance to minimize patients perceived barriers to diet therapy might help to improve patients to scheduled appointments in nutrition education programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2021

Diet composition and trophic level of Trachurus japonicus were studied using 417 specimens collected by trawls, set nets and purse seine fisheries from March 2019 to February 2020 in the South Sea of Korea. The size of T. Japonicus ranged from 7.0 to 49.8 cm in total length. T. japonicus were a carnivore that fed mainly on euphausiids and pisces. In eddition, T. japonicus fed on small quantities of cephalopods, crabs etc. T. japonicus showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. The proportion of euphausiids decreased inversely proportional to body size whereas the consumption of pisces gradually increased. As body size of T. japonicus increased the mean number of prey per stomach and the mean weight of prey per stomach tended to increase, but the mean number of prey per stomach was not significantly different. As a result of the feeding strategy analysis, T. japonicus were specialized feeders with pisces and euphausiids as their dominant prey. The trophic level ranged between 3.57 ± 0.54 and 3.91 ± 0.65, and increased asymptotically with size of specimens. The average trophic level of the T. japonicus was 3.79 ± 0.61.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2021

The feeding habits of Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus were investigated using 329 specimens collected from coastal waters of the South Sea of Korea. S. japonicus is mainly a piscivore, consuming small fish such as Engraulis japonicus (%RI: 81.0 %). The diet of Chub mackerel also includes small quantities of thaliaceans, euphausiids, and amphipods. We calculated the trophic level as 3.92 for S. japonicus. The dietary composition of S. japonicus did not show significant differences with size, but differed with season. As the body size of S. japonicus increased, the mean weight of prey within the stomach (mW/ST) increased (One-way ANOVA, P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-75
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• 2012

This study investigated the self-perception of body image and awareness of diet of high school students in Zibo city, China. The data were collected from 260 high school students through the self-administered questionnaires. Frequency analysis, t tests, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range tests, factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha test were conducted by SPSS Windows V.19.0. The results were as follows. In the self-perception of body image, two fifths of the respondents thought of themselves as standard body image. More female respondents thought of themselves as fat persons compared with male respondents. The level of concern about diet was generally low and the mean for pursuit of skinny figure was highest in the awareness of diet. The percentage of correct answers of knowledge about diet was not that high, and one fifths of respondents had experience of diet. The respondents practiced fasting therapy, exercise therapy, food therapy, sweat therapy, drug/appliance therapy, and therapy using professional organization in order for diet.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of community intervention on reducing salt intake among college students on their knowledge, attitude and practice of low-salt diet. Methods: A community intervention planned to increase college students' knowledge, attitude and practice of low-salt diet. The intervention comprised of 1 lecture on salt and health, 4 campaigns on low-salt diet, and 2 taste testing was carried out from March 24 to May 19, 2015. All the intervention was open to entire university while data was collected from a panel of convenient sample. We used the baseline data of 251 students, 226 students completed post-test. Post-test data on knowledge, attitude, and practice, blood pressure measurement, and urine salt test were collected on May 25 and 26 by trained nursing students and graduates. Baseline data were collected on March 17 and 18. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS 21.0 for t-test and ANCOVA. Results: Regarding a general characteristic and health behavior, there was statistically significant difference in living arrangement(p<0.001), amount of monthly allowance(p=0.005) and frequency of eating-out(p<0.001) between the two regions in this study. However, there was no statistically significant difference in gender, major, smoking, drinking and frequency of breakfast. Regarding a characteristic related to low-salt diet, there was statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure level(p=0.002), urine test(p=0.001). But there was no statistically significant difference in knowledge, attitude, practice of low-salt diet and systolic blood pressure. There was no statistically significant difference in their knowledge of low-salt diet(F=1.588, p=0.209), attitude(F=2.182, p=0.141), practice(F=3.507, p=0.062) and systolic blood pressure(F=1.723, p=0.191), diastolic blood pressure(F=1.552, p=0.214), urine test after a community intervention. Conclusions: Community intervention that does not have concrete target group doesn't seem to be effective on increasing knowledge, attitude and practice of the entire community, not even in university-a somewhat closed community. It is suggested to apply a target specific intervention in order to have efficient and effective outcome from a intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 1988

The effects of exercise and selenium added high fat diet on edurance and serum lipid components were studied in rats. A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley ($150{\pm}35g$, body weight) were divided into trained group and untrained group and were bred for 7 weeks. Each group had 6 different dietary subgroups; namely, basal diet, 20％ shortening and 20％ soybean oil subgroup and selenium (0.01mg％) added each subgroups. Exercises of 8-min treadmill running and 10-min swimming were given to the trained group every other day during the experimental period while only treadmill running was given to the untrained group during the last week. The amounts of food intake, changes in body weight and endurance were determined once a week and serum lipid components were measured before and after experimental period. Following are the results obtained : 1) The untrained group took a slightly larger amount of food than that in the trained group. The food efficiency is, however, higher in the trained group. Body weight increased more in untrained group, while high fat diet resulted in greater increment in body weight than that in normal diet groups. 2) The trained group showed remarkably longer endurance than the untrained group and selenium added high fat diet enhanced the effect. 3) The trained group showed lower blood level of T-chol., TG and TG/PL than the untrained group. All the other blood values of HDL-chol., PL, MDL-chol./T-chol., HDL/LDL and A/G ratio were higher in trained group. 4) Soybean oil added dietary groups exibited lower blood levels of T-chol., TG, TG/PL and A/G than those in shortening added dietary groups. On the contrary, the former groups showed higher blood HDL-chol., PL., HDL, HDL-chol. and HDL/LDL ratio than those of soybean oil added dietary groups. 5) $LDH_5$ was the most abundant one among serum LDH isozymes. The electrophoretic pattern of serum LDH isozymes was not changed by exercise training and selenium added high fat diet. 6) Exercise training lowered blood GOT and TBA. These effects were enhanced by soybean oil added diets. From the above results it was concluded that a regular and long term exercise training as well as a small amount of selenium added high fat diet result in reduction of body weight and TBA and improve dietary efficiency and physical endurance in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 1992

Effects of dietary protein levels on the manifestations of the toxicity of gramoxone, a bipyridine herbicide, in the liver of rats were investigated. The addition of gramoxone, with regard to the body weight and feed efficiency ratio of rats, had a move dramatic effect on animals fed a low or intermediate protein diet than for those similarly treated among rats fed a relatively high protein diet. Lipid content in the rat liver tended to increase with the addition of gramoxone into each protein diet, with the exception of the high protein-gramoxone diet. The addition of gramoxone tended to increase hepatic TBA value significantly in rats, especially among those fed the low protein-gramoxone diet or the control-gramoxone diet. Significant morphological changes, including fat changes of hepatic cells and increases in the number of Kupffer cells, were found both in rats fed the low protein diet and those fed any of the gramoxone-treated diets. fat changes within hepatic cells were found to be especially severe in rats fed the low protein-gramoxone diet. Distributions of glycogen in rat liver appeared to increase in rats fed any of the diets to which gramoxone had been added.