• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

본 실험은 각각의 마취방법이 체성감각유발전위 (SEPs) 파형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 SEP의 측정에 적절한 마취방법을 찾고자 시행하였다. 임상적으로 건강하고 크기와 나이가 비슷한 다섯 마리의 잡종견을 대상으로 SEPs를 측정하고 각각의 측정값을 분석하였다. SEPs측정을 위해 후 경골신경을 자극하였고 요추 5-6번 사이에서 channel 1의 LP1과 LN1, 흉추 11-12사이에서 channel 2의 TP1, TN1을 기록하였다. 실험에 사용한 마취방법 중. Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, Diazepam + Xylazine, Xylazine + Ketamine, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion, 및 Propofol infusion등의 방법만이 SEPs측정이 가능하였고, 파형은 명확하였으며, 측정에 요구되어지는 일정 시간인 25분 이상 동안 마취 유지가 가능하였다. 또한 각 마취군에서의 SEPs 파형을 Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane군과 비교해 보았을 때 latency의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST(stimulating point)-LN1, SP-TP1, Diazepam + Xylazine 군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1와 Chl-Ch2에서 부분적으로 유의적인 차가 있었다. Conduction velocity의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST-LN1, Diazepam + Xylazine군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1, 그리고 Propofol infusion군의 ST-LN1의 측정값에서 유의적인 차가 있었지만 전반적으로는 전체적인 파형의 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 SEPs 측정시 흡입마취로는 Acepromazine + Thiopental + Isoflurane과 Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, 주사마취로는 Diazepam + Xylazine과 Xylazine + Ketamine, 점적마취로는 Acepromazine + Propofol infusion과 Propofol infusion 방법이 사용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 생산 및 수입 양식 수산물에 대해 잔류할 수 있는 향정신성 의약품인 디아제팜 대한 안전관리강화기반을 위해 마련되었다. 중국인민공화국 국가 표준시험법(GB 29697-2013)을 기반으로 전처리 방법을 개선하여 GC-MS/MS 시험법을 확립하였으며, LC-MS/MS 방법과의 기기간 검증을 통해 확립된 시험법의 선택성, 정량한계 및 회수율에 대한 검증을 통해 디아제팜 시험법으로서의 유효성을 확인하였다. LC-MS/MS의 경우 아세토니트릴로 추출 후 PSA를 이용해 정제하였고, GC-MS/MS의 경우 아세토니트릴로 추출후 $C_{18}$카트리지를 이용해 정제하였다. 디아제팜은 표준용액을 정량한계를 포함한 농도에 따라 검량선을 작성한 결과 두 기기 모두 $r^2$> 0.99 이상의 직선성을 확인하였다. 본 실험에서의 검출한계와 정량한계는 LC-MS/MS 및 GC-MS/MS 모두 0.0004 mg/kg, 0.001 mg/kg 수준이었으며, 평균 회수율은 각각 99.8~106%, 109~124%이었다. 또한, 분석오차는 모두 15% 이하로 정확성 및 재현성이 우수하였으며, CODEX 가이드라인 규정에 만족하는 수준이었다. 따라서 개발된 시험법은 안전한 수산물의 국내 유통과 잔류실태조사를 위해 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.285-285
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• 2002

Diazepam (DZ) is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs as an antianxiety agent. muscle relaxant. and anticovulsant and sometimes causes intoxication due to accidental overdose, misuse or abuse. DZ is metabolized to nordiazepam (NDZ, desmethyldiazepam), oxazepam (OX) and temazepam (TM) which are also pharmacologically active, although OX and TM do not accumulate in blood or plasma to an appreciable extent. (omitted)

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

The roots of the plant Korean ginseng have been extensively used in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The effects of chronic administration of Korean ginseng extract (KGE) were investigated on two different anxiety models: the elevated T-maze (for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements) and the open field test (OFT). Diazepam (1 mg/kg), KGE (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 15 days. On the 14th day, mice were previously exposed for 30 min to one of the open arms of the T-maze, 24 h before the test. On 15th day, mice had two exposures to the enclosed and open arm of the elevated T-maze followed by exposure to the open field apparatus. The number of line crossings in the apparatus was used to assess locomotor changes. Cumulative Concentration Response Curve of 5-HT was plotted using rat fundus which were pre-treated in a similar way. Treatment with Diazepam (1 mg/kg) and KGE (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) impaired inhibitory avoidance performance but did not impair escape latency. In OFT, diazepam facilitated locomotion as compared to vehicle and other treatment groups. KGE at any of the selected doses did not impair locomotion. Concentration response curve of 5-HT was shifted towards the right with suppression of maxima in rats treated with KGE. The results suggest that KGE exerts anxiolytic like behaviour in a specific subset of defensive behaviour, particularly those related to generalized anxiety disorder.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2007

Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS), a traditional Chinese folk medicine, has been used for treatment of insomnia and anxiety. This experiment was performed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of methanol extract of ZSS (MEZSS) in mice by using the experimental paradigms of anxiety and compared with that of a known anxiolytic, diazepam. In the elevated plus-maze test, it showed that MEZSS (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the percentage of time spent on the open arms and the number of open arms entries. MEZSS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the number of head dips compared with that of control group in the hole-board test. However, MEZSS has no effect on decreasing the locomotor activity, while diazepam (2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited locomotor activity. MEZSS did not decrease the strength force in the grip strength test, either. In addition, GABAergic involvements were also investigated to understand the possible mechanisms. $GABA_{A}$ receptors subunits and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were not over expressed, compared with that of the saline group. We also found that MEZSS did not increase chloride influx in cultured cerebellar granule cells. It is concluded that MEZSS might have anxiolytic-like effects, but these effects might not be mediated by GABAergic transmission.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.4113-4113
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• 2001

This study developed effective assay method of pharmaceutical quality control was developed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The calibration equation model of assay was developed by 2nd deriviative PLS(Partial Least Squares) regression method with NIRS over the wavelength range from 1100 to 1400nm using diazepam tablets (2mg, 5mg). Although diazepam tablets are made by 5-different manufacture, they have similar formulation. When the correlation was compared with values by NIRS and HPLC, the R-2s and standard error of calibration (SEC) for 2mg were 0.9300 and 0.98%, the R-2s and SEC for 5mg were 0.9165 and 0.63%. The validation of the calibration equation model yield that the R-2s and standard error of prediction (SEP) for 2mg were 0.9611 and 0.995%, the R-2s and SEP for 5mg were 0.9114 and 0.842%. The method was validated on assay method for diazepam tablets by the calibration equation.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental Health
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• pp.83-84
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• 2004

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.733-741
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• 1994

To detect anxiolytic activity from Sanguisorbae Radix we used various animal models of fear or anxiety that are sensitive to known anxiolytic drugs. While diazepam showed significant anxiolytic activities in all five animal models empolyed in this study, $5-HT_3$ antagonist ondansetron and ethylacetate fraction of Sanguisorbae Radix did show anti-anxiety effects in social interaction and two compartment exploration tests. Ethylacetate fraction of Sanguisorbae Radix and 5-HT related drugs like ondansetron and buspirone, however, seem to have merit over diazepam in terms of not causing drowsiness. Among ten subfractions obtained from ethylacetate fraction of Sanguisorbae Radix by silica gel chromatography, subfraction I showed higher anxiolytic activities than subfraction DEF in two animal models, social interaction and two compartment exploration tests. There is growing evidence for the role of 5-HT in the control of anxiety. We hope that new compound(s) will be found from the active fractions of Sanguisorbae Radix as a potential anxiolytic agent in the future.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2008

Murraya koenigii leaves commonly known as 'curry patta' are routinely added to Indian gravy and vegetarian dishes by south Indian as a favourate condiment. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Murraya koenigii leaves (MKL) on memory in rats. Elevated plus-maze and Hebb-Williams maze served as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. Diazepam-, scopolamine- and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models. MKL fed orally to various groups of young and aged rats with diet containing 2, 4 and 8% w/w of MKL for 30 days consecutively were investigated. The MKL diets produced a significant dose-dependent improvement in memory scores of young and aged rats and significantly reduced the amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Therefore, it would be worthwhile to specifically investigate the therapeutic potential of MKL in the management of dementia patients.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.169-169
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• 1993

동물의 일반활동은 중추신경계에 작용하는 약물에 관한 많은 정보를 제공한다. 따라서 약물의 중추신경계에 대한 독성평가는 물론이고 중추신경계 작용약물의 검색에도 널리 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기전으로 중추신경계에 작용하는 약물들의 일반활동을 분석하여 중추신경계 작용 약물들의 작용기전에 따르는 일반활동의 특성을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 실험장치는 UGO BASILE제 활동측정 장치를 이용하였으며, 실험동물은 서울대학교 의과대학 실험동물 사육장에서 사육한 ICR mouse를 사용하였다. 동물의 활동측정은 환경요인을 최소한으로 배제하기 위하여 매일 9:00-11:00 까지 2시간 동안의 행동을 10분 간격으로 측정 기록토록 하였다. 중추신경 흥분제 amphetamine, 진정수면제 phenobarbital, 항불안제 diazepam, 항정신병약 chlorpromazine, 항우울제 haloperidol는 모두 용량 의존적으로 동물의 자발운동에 영향을 미쳤다. 특기할 것은 항불안제 diazepam 은 용량의존적으로 운동 억제를 나타내었으나 진정수면제 phenobarbital의 경우는 용량 의존전 운동억제를 나타내기 이전에 초기약물 유발성 aggressive behavior를 나타내었다. 본 실험결과는 동물의 자발행동의 분석으로 중추신경계 작용약물의 작용기전 규명 및 이에 따르는 약물의 분류 방법으로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.