• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and the risk of death from specific causes other than cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We calculated the risk of specific death by SBP and DBP categories for 506 508 health examinees in 2002-2003 using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Compared to normal levels (SBP <120 or DBP <90 mmHg), stage I systolic and diastolic hypertension (SBP 140-159, DBP 85-89 mmHg, respectively) were associated with an increased risk of death from diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver disease, and renal failure (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.22; HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.46; HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.64 to 3.21; HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.20; HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.81; HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.73, respectively), but a decreased risk of death from intestinal pneumonia (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.98; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.91). Only stage II systolic hypertension (SBP ${\geq}160mmHg$) was associated with an increased risk of death from pneumonia, liver cirrhosis, and intestinal ischemia (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.98; HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.15; HR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.24 to 11.40, respectively), and stage I and II diastolic hypertension (SBP 140-159 and ${\geq}160mmHg$) were associated with an increased risk of death from intestinal ischemia (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.27 to 7.38; HR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.62 to 11.88, respectively). Conclusions: An increase in blood pressure levels may alter the risk of death from certain causes other than cardiovascular diseases, a well-known outcome of hypertension, although the mechanism of these associations is not well documented.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.345-359
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• 1993

대구시내 1개 국민학교 4학년 284명(남아 144명, 여아 140명)을 대상으로, 1992년 5월에 일반적인 특성을 조사하였고, 체격, 체지방 및 혈압을 측정하였으며, 혈액의 생화학적 검사를 실시하여 혈압과 관련된 요인을 분석하였다. 대상자의 평균 수축기 혈압은 103.5mmHg였으며, 남아가 104.1mmHg, 여아가 102.9mmHg로 남아가 약간 높게 나타났으며, 평균 확장기 혈압은 67.1mmHg이고, 남아가 66.6mmHg, 여아가 67.5mmHg로 여아가 약간 높았다. 수축기 및 확장기 혈압을 종속변수로 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 총단백질, 요산, 혈당, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수, 체지방 비율, 체지방 무게 및 제지방체중을 독립변수로 하여 상관관계와 중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 수축기 및 확장기혈압과 독립변수들과의 상관관계를 성별에 따라 분석한 결과 남아의 수축기혈압은 신장, 체중, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수, 제지방 체중, 체지방 무게 및 중성지방과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(p<0.01). 여아의 수축기혈압은 신장, 체중, 제지방체중 및 요산과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.01). 남아의 확장기혈압은 체중, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수 및 제지방체중과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(p<0.01). 여아의 확장기혈압은 체중, 제지방체중(p<0.01), 신장, 체지방무게 및 총단백질(p<0.05)과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 수축기 혈압을 종속변수로 한 중회귀분석에서 남아는 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수와 sodium이 유의한 변수였고, 여아는 요산, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수 및 체지방 비율이 유의한 변수였다. 확장기 혈압에서 남아는 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수가 유의한 변수였고, 여아는 총단백질이 유의한 변수였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 소아의 혈압에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수, sodium, 요산, 총단백질 및 체지방 비율 이었고, 그 중 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수가 가장 중요한 요인으로 인정되었다. 따라서 고혈압 발생을 예방하기 위해서는 비만, 식이 및 이와 관련된 생활양식의 개선과 이에 대한 보건교육이 요망된다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the number of measurements and visits for blood pressure measurement. We also analyzed the change of blood pressure based on the measurement method and measurement interval. Methods : Data of three clinical trials evaluating the effect of acupuncture, moxibustion, and qigong for pre and mild essential hypertension were used. Blood pressure was measured 3 times each visit with 1 or 5 minutes interval, and it was checked until $3^{rd}$ visit. Two trials used sphygmomanometer and another one trial used automatic device for blood pressure measurement. Results : The mean difference between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, and $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ measurement were significant in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). However, in automated measurement or measuring with 1 minute interval, the difference between $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ was not significant. The mean of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ measurements was also significantly different from the mean of all three measurements in both systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). While the difference between each visit was not significant in diastolic blood pressure, the systolic blood pressure difference was significant between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ visit in automated and manual measurement. Conclusion : The mean of two measurements and three measurements were significantly different. The change of blood pressure was different according to the method and interval of blood pressure measurement.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2019

Purpose : This study investigated the effect of bamboo stepping exercises on the blood pressure of the elderly. This study was performed for 8 weeks. Methods : The study participants included 25 people aged 65 and over. Of the participants, 16 were in the hypertensive elderly group and 9 were in the normal blood pressure elderly group. The participants stepped on semicircular bamboo for 20 minutes 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The participants' blood pressure was measured 3 times before and after 8 weeks of exercise. The mean values of the 3 before and after measurements were compared and analyzed statistically. Results : The systolic blood pressure of the hypertensive elderly group decreased significantly from $134.6{\pm}21.1mmHg$ to $119.9{\pm}18.1mmHg$ (p<.05). The diastolic blood pressure of the hypertensive elderly group decreased from $70.2{\pm}10.5mmHg$ to $66.1{\pm}9.8mmHg$, but the difference was not significant. The systolic blood pressure of the normal blood pressure elderly group decreased significantly from $127.2{\pm}18.7mmHg$ to $115.5{\pm}19mmHg$ (p<.05). The diastolic blood pressure of the normal blood pressure elderly group decreased from $72.6{\pm}11.3mmHg$ to $68.2{\pm}12mmHg$, but the decrease was not significant. Conclusion : After completing 8 weeks of the bamboo stepping exercises, the elderly participants' systolic blood pressure was effectively reduced. Today, lifestyle modifications, such as daily exercise, are necessary to control the blood pressure of the elderly. We hope that the bamboo stepping exercises, which are easy to perform and are not restricted by place and time, will become part of the elderly health policy.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.366-375
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• 1996

The effect of carbohydrates, fat and protein consumption on the blood pressure of adolescents was investigated from the cross sectional data. The two major areas of inquiry were : 1)measuring the variation of blood pressure at various levels of macronutient intake. 2)measuring the relative importance between the factor of nutrient intake and physical growth. A total of 726 students(341 boys and 385 girls) in the first grade of middle school in Kangwha country were studied for their dietary consumption and physical growth as well as blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis was used as the analytical method to identify the relative importance between the factors. Besides the macronutrient consumption, other nutrients such as vitamin and mineral intakes were included in the regression model. The results showed a variation of blood pressure by macronutrient intake level was in consistant both in blood pressure and by gender. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing protein intake for girls(p<0.05). However, it was not observed in the case of boys. The systolic blood pressure of boys showed a tendency to decrease with fat intake increase, while their diastolic blood pressure showed the opposite trend. Results of the regression analysis showed that physical growth was a more influential factor than nutrition on blood pressure for both sexes. This could imply that the dietary hypertension factors observed in adults may not be operative generally in a population with normotensive blood pressure during growth.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find out physical changes in the blood pressure and saliva cortisol of patients with high blood pressure and diabetes after participating in agro-healing activities. The saliva cortisol and blood pressure of 14 males and females aged 49.79±10.48 on average were measured after participating in agro-healing activities. The saliva collection system was used, and their satisfaction level for the program was also surveyed. Changes in the values before and after participating in the agro-healing activities were compared and analyzed. The cortisol concentration, a stress hormone, was reduced from 6.76nmol/L before the program to 4.86nmol/L after the program, down by 1.9nmol/L, which was a statistically significant difference (z=-3.170, p<.01). In addition, the cortisol concentration was gradually reduced through the entire program from Session 1 to Session 7. Changes in the blood pressure of subjects before and after participating in agro-healing activities were examined, and the total systolic and diastolic blood pressure continuously decreased after participating in agro-healing activities through the entire program from Session 1 to Session 7. Their systolic blood pressure was reduced statistically significantly (z=-1.947, p<.05). Also, participants' satisfaction was analyzed and it was found that more than 95% of participants answered 'satisfied' and 'very satisfied' with agro-healing activities. Therefore, these results indicate that agro-healing activities performed in the healing-farm had a positive impact on the cortisol concentration and blood pressure of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. In addition, their high satisfaction for this program seemed to improve the psychological and physiological conditions of subjects.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 1994

One aim of this study was to find out the difference of indirect blood pressure between the types of instruments. The difference of indirect blood pressure was measured with mercury sphygomomanometer and electronic blood pressuremeter. Another was to determine the difference of indirect blood pressure according to width of cuff and site of cuff. Indirect blood pressures were measured with the diaphragmatic side of sphygomomanometer. The subjects were 40 female volunteers, whose arm circumferences were from 22 to 34cm. The data were analyzed by SPSS-PC program and pared t-test was used. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. Mercury sphygomomanometer systolic pressure was higher(average 2.20mmhg) than electronic blood pressuremeter. It was statistically significant(p=0.026). 2. The value of Mercury sphygomomanometer diastolic pressure was lower(2.00mmhg) than electronic's. It was statistically significant(p=0.03) 3. In the mercury sphygomomanometer systolic pressure, the value of standard cuff($12{\times}23cm$) was higher(2.40mmhg) than large one's($14{\times}45cm$). It was statistically significant(p=0.007). 4. In diastolic pressure(K4), the value of standard cuff was higher(0.65mmhg) than large cuff's. It was not statistically significant(p=0.481). In K5, the value of standard cuff($12{\times}23cm$) was higher(0.55mmhg) than large cuff's. It was not statistically significant(p=0.541). 5. Difference according to site of showed that the values of systolic pressure over elbow joint were higher(20.00mmhg, 26.45mmhg) than ones at site of elbow joint. It was significant statistically(p=0.000) and clinically. 6. The values of diastolic pressure(K4) over elbow joint were higher(17.10mmhg, 21.60mmhg) than ones at site of elbow joint. It was significant statistically (p=0.000) and clinically. The values of K5 over elbow joint were higher(17.25mmhg, 22.15mmhg) than ones at site of elbow joint. It was significant statistically(p=0.000) and clinically. I think similar studies about indirect blood pressure according to diseases and positions are necessary. In addition, similar studies, are required about accuracy of method electronic blood pressuremeter according to site of mesurement.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2007

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal variables and quality of life in elderly women. Methods: The study subjects were 22 in experimental group and 21 in the control group, all of who were aged 65 years and over. The subjects in the experimental group were under an exercise program 3 times a week for one year. To assess the effects of exercise in the study group, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile, bony metabolism, grip strength, flexibility, reaction time, and quality of life were measured. Results: Exercise showed the significant differences between experimental and control groups on the variables of the diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, urinary deoxypyridinoline, flexibility, and quality of life. Compared to before the exercise in the study group, the urinary DPD level and quality of life were significantly improved at 3 months, and diastolic blood pressure, serum HDL-cholesterol, and flexibility were significantly improved by 1 year. Conclusions: The study results underscore the efficacy of exercise and the need for regular exercise programs that are designed for older persons.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1987

The Purpose of this study· was to investigate the dietary intake and health for male and female old persons living in Young Dong by mean of questionnaire and interview. The results from the above survey are summerized as follows ; 1. The aged average height, weight, and physical index were 166cm, 60kg, 19.31 in male, 156cm, 50kg, 20.27 in female which were almost the same as the Korean average standard (male; 167. 0cm, 61. 0kg, 21.8, female; 156cm, 53.0kg, 21.8). Among the condition of diseases, neuralgia was 45.3%, hypertension was 12.2%, constipation was 10.4%. 2. Correlation coefficients between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and age were significant(P<0.05, P<0.01), and also those between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index were significant(P<0.01, P<0.005). 3. Correlation of food intake frequency of protein group, calcium group, vitamin and mineral group was divided three levels-Good, Fair, Poor. Food intake frequency as the factors(three groups) which might influence the condition of health was partly significant (P<0.05, P<0.1).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a group movement exercise program on psychophysiological variables in the institutionalized elderly. Methods: This research adopted the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Twenty elders were selected as an experimental group, whereas twenty-two elders were as a control group. The group movement program consisted of 35 minutes of dance and three days a week for eight weeks. Resting systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured in a relaxed sitting position. The range of flexion and extension of joint was measured with a gonimeter. Life satisfaction and self-efficacy were measured by self-report. Data were analyzed through $x^2$-test, t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN program. Results: The results were as follows: Resting systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate decreased significantly by the group movement training. The range of flexion and extension of the shoulder and hip joints increased significantly. The scores of life satisfaction and self-efficacy increased remarkably by the group movement. Conclusion: The results suggest that group movement training can be an effective intervention to improve psychophysiological variables and the range of motion for the institutionalized elderly.