• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-31
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• 2003

It has been reported that the genetic variations in the Y chromosome has influence the blood pressure in some Caucasian male populations, but the effect in non-Caucasian population is unclear. In the present study, we examined the relationship between blood pressure and a HindIII RFLP of Y chromosome in 152 unrelated male individuals of ethnically homogeneous Korean origin. There were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures between genotype groups, respectively. However, the frequency of A genotype in Korean population was much higher than those of Caucasian populations (P＜0.05). Therefore, the results of this study will con-tribute the better understanding the genetic characteristics of Y chromosome in Korean population.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

Devices to measure the blood pressure of patients are being used without any calibration in a hospital. It is an important to show consistent values when any medical devices measure the same patients regardless they are sphygmomanometer or fully automatic electronic blood pressure meter. We compared sphygmomanometer and fully automatic electronic blood pressure meters with standard digital blood pressure monitor (SDBPM) to evaluate the consistency of the small healthy subjects. We measured the blood pressure from six healthy subjects (three of 20~40 years and three of 40~60 years old). Two sphygmomanometer and two fully automatic electronic blood pressure meters were used and compared with the SDBPM. Blood pressures measured from right and left arms each and were compared. All six healthy subjects showed normal blood pressure values. In general, left blood pressure values showed higher values than right side. Comparing SDBPM, with the other monitors, the systolic pressure showed ${\pm}$ 34.8% difference and ${\pm}$ 33.3% for the diastolic pressure. Correlation between SDBPM and Sphygmomanometer was 0.59~0.71, and 0.50~0.70 for fully automated digital BP monitors. It fell in grade-D when we apply the BHS(British hypertension society). AAMI(American association for the advancement of medical instrumentation) also showed unsatisfactory results for the mean value (${\leq}$ 5 mmHg) and standard deviation (${\leq}$ 8 mmHg). We tested sphygmomanometer and fully automatic electronic blood pressure meters and compared with a standard digital blood pressure monitor. All devices showed inconsistent blood pressures. A reliable calibration system is highly needed for all devices in all hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in degree and duration that occur during Valsalva maneuver (VM). Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the patterns and mechanisms of physiological hemodynamic control. Method: Thirty six healthy college students were recruited from Y university. Each participant was provided with written informed consent. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) were continuously recorded using the Finometer. Result: During the phase I of VM, means of systolic and diastolic pressures were increased by 32.15% and 38.28%, respectively, compared with basal values. HR and CO were decreased by 9.91% and 13.01%, respectively. Immediately after the maneuver (phase III), systolic and diastolic pressures were decreased by 5.05% and 6.24%, respectively, compared with those obtained in the phase II. HR and CO were elevated by 13.33% and 11.93%, respectively, compared to the levels of earlier phases. BPs were represented with overshoot in the phase IV, and recovered by baseline values about 20 sec after VM. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that hemodynamic changes are variable in the event of VM even in healthy humans. It will be valuable to accumulate more quantitative hemodynamic information in special populations such as the elderly and the patients with cardiovascular problems.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2003

To closely examine the effects of the massage treatment as one method of curing hypertension by exploring the effects that one-time circulation-centered massage has on a hypertensive's blood pressure, this study selected as the subject ten among fifty-year-old essential hypertensives visiting N clinic, and measured and compared their blood pressures before and after I gave them massage. After stabilizing them, I measured their blood pressures. In their prone and supine postures, I gave them rubbing massage for twenty minutes from positions proximal to their hearts to ones distal from their hearts to help their artery circulation and circulation-centered stroking massage for ten minutes from positions distal from their hearts to ones proximal to their hearts to help their vein circulation. After the massage, I had them rest for five minutes and measured their blood pressures. Regarding each item analyzed, I calculated the mean and standard deviation before and after the massage. The difference before and after the massage was tested by corresponding t-test and the level of significance was made p<0.05. The findings are as follows. First, systolic pressure was $157.70{\pm}7.48$ before the massage and $143.00{\pm}9.39$, which is less than before the massage, after the massage, showing statistically significant difference (p<.05). Secondly, diastolic pressure was $97.80{\pm}6.56$before the massage and $95.20{\pm}5.18$, which is less than before the massage, after the massage, not showing statistically significant difference (p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.466-478
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of music therapy on anxiety of cesarean section wemen. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects of this study were 65 cesarean section wemen scheduled for surgery. The study was conducted from October 15, 1999 to January 5, 2000. Two groups consisted of subjects assigned : one the experimental group(33 wemen), and the other the control group(32 wemen). The music therapy was performed 3 times to experimental group just before surgery day, on surgery day. The level of anxiety was measured by State Anxiety Inventory, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, Repeated measures of ANCOVA. The results of study were as fellows : 1) State anxiety scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 2) Systolic blood pressures and diastolic blood pressures were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 3) Pulse rates were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 4) Respiratory rates were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. According to these results, music therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves anxiety of cesarean section wemen.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 1992

A study was conducted to compare urinary Ca excretion and factors influencing urinary Ca excretion in 30 young and 62 middle-aged Korean women. Mean daily intake levels of total protein and P were significantly higher in middle-aged women but Ca and animal protein intake levels of the two groups were similar. The average percentage of daily Ca intake from milk and milk products in young women was 45% while in middle-aged women it was about 24% The frequency of milk consumption was inversely correlated with blood pressures of the subjects. Mean 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in young and middle-aged women were 163.7mg and 174.9mg respectively. The difference was not significant. Menopause of the mid-dle-aged women did not affect urinary calcium levels. However the proportion of subjects with more than 250mg of Ca in 24-hour urine tended to be higher in middle-aged group Factors significnatly correlated with urinary Ca excretion of subjects were systolic and diastolic The study verifies the need for more systematic studies on Ca requirements and the interrelation-ship among Ca and na metabolism blood pressures and bone loss in the middle-aged Korean.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate a relationship between the blood concentrations of toxic metals and the blood pressure in people living near the copper smelter. Methods: The study included 570 adults living within 4km of the smelter. We compared systolic and diastolic blood pressure between tertiary groups for blood cadmium, mercury and lead levels, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors affecting systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Results: In male subjects, there is a significant difference in the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between tertiary groups of blood cadmium and mercury levels, but in women, there was no significant difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in all tertiary groups of heavy metals. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age, BMI, and cadmium concentration in men were risk factors for blood pressure. In women, age and BMI, drinking and smoking, and blood mercury were significantly influenced to blood pressure. Conclusions: Residents living near the Janghang smelter showed high concentrations of blood lead and cadmium, suggesting that they were exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals released from the smelter in the past. Such exposure may have caused some blood pressure increase. Especially, the concentration of cadmium in the case of men and the concentration of mercury in blood in the case of women were found to be significantly related to the increase of blood pressure. The local population should be advised to make efforts to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants, in order to minimize cardiovascular disease, and to pay close attention to any health problems possibly related to toxic metal exposure.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for estimating blood pressure using ECG (Electrocardiogram) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) signals. To estimate the BP (Blood pressure), we generate a periodic input signal, remove the noise according to the differential and threshold methods, and then estimate the systolic and diastolic blood pressures based on the convolutional neural network. We used 49 patient data of 3.1GB in the MIMIC database. As a result, it was found that the prediction error (RMSE) of systolic BP was 5.80mmHg, and the prediction error of diastolic BP was 2.78mmHg. This result confirms that the performance of class A is satisfied with the existing BP monitor evaluation method proposed by the British High Blood Pressure Association.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1034-1043
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• 2001

To determine the frequency of past and present obesity among patients with NIDDM and to identify the differences of body fat, blood pressure and C-peptide/glucose ratio according to obese diabetic patients (BMI$\geq$25 kg/$m^2$) and nonobese (BMI<25 kg/$m^2$). Also the final factor is to observe the anthrometric change patterns in the study. Method: The weight at 20 years-old, previous maximal body weight, and acute weight loss were queried. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist & hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio, skinfold thicknesses, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and fasting C-peptide were measured in one hundred sixty-seven NIDDM patients. The differences of the parameters ccording to obese and nonobese, and three anthropometric change patterns were analyzed. Result: Results were as follows: 1. 66.5 % of the NIDDM patients had a history of past obesity as assessed by their maximum weight, while only 33.2% of them were currently obese (p's < 0.001). 2. The waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thicknesses, systolic, diastolic & mean arterial blood pressure in obese patients were greater than those of nonobese patients (all p's < 0.001). 3. The waist and the hip circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses (subscapula & triceps) were highest among the obese-obese group. WHR and abdominal skinfold thickness in the obese-obese and obese-nonobese groups were higher than those in the nonobese- nonobese group. Systolic & diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures in the obese-obese group were higher than those of obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese groups(all p's < 0.005). 4. The abdominal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in female diabetic patients were greater than those of male patients (all p's <0.0001). Conclusion: Although most Korean NIDDM patients were previously obese, many of them were not obese during the course of the study. Greater central and upper body adiposicity and higher blood pressure was shown in obese diabetic patients. Also, greater central and upper body adiposicity was demonstrated in female diabetic patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.305-316
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• 1988

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of the dietary nutrients to blood pressure among preschool children in Seoul and to concurrently study the effect of seasonal variance on the aforementioned relationship. The subjects of the study consisted of 203 preschool children aged four to six years. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, pulse rate and blood pressure, urinary excretion of five cations(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg), creatinine and urea nitrogen and dietary questionaires concerning sodium, potassium calcium and phosphorus were taken during the two periods of summer(Aug. 1986)and winter(Feb, 1987). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The daily urinary excretion of five cations, creatinine and urea nitrogen is summer and winter was as follows; The sodium content was 57.8 mEq in the summer and 59.4 mEq in the winter ; potassium 20.4 mEq and 23.0 mEq, respectively ; calcium, 5.5 mEq and 3.6 mEq, respectively ; and phosphorus, 27.4 mEq and 19.9 mEq, respectively. Only calcium and phosphours excretions in the urine showed significant differences per season(p<0.05). 2) The average dietary intake per day of sodium was 2349mg in the summer and 2155mg in the winter ; potassium consumption was 1425mg in the summer and 1448mg in the winter ; intake of calcium was 472mg in the summer and 500mg in the winter ; and phosphours consumption was 642mg in the summer and 634mg in hte winter. The sodium-to-potassium consumption ratio 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, in the summer and in the winter and the calcium-to-phosphorus ration was 0.7 in the summer and 0.8 in the winter. The dietary calcium intake showed significant differences between the seasons. 3) The principal source of sodium consumption among preschool children was from seasoning-including talbe salt, soy sauce and instant sauce-which accounted for higher then 45% of the sodium intake in both seasons. The main source of potassium was frutis and vegetables which accounted for 29.6% of the potassium intake in the summer and 25.7% in the winter. Milk and milk products were the primary dource of calcium(higher then 40% in both seasons) 4) In the summer, urinary phosphours levels were weakly reated to systolic blood pressures. (0.05