• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1987

This study was designed to measure the amount of formaldehyde in the disposable diapers of seven different products. It was aimed to investigate the actual situation of the diaper consumption and to relate it to the amount of formaldehyde measured. The degree of recognizability on the harmfulness of formaldehyde was also studied. The amount of formaldehyde was measured by means of the Acetyl Acetone method. The a ual situation of consumption and the recognizability of the formaldehyde were investigated by questionnaire. In the survey, the subjects had their babies aged from 0$\~$3 years and lived in Seoul. The statistical methods used were simple frequency and chi-square. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1) Among seven (7) different disposable diapers, two were found to have less amount of formaldehyde than the Japanese regulation. 2) From the survey on the actual situation of consumption most respondents ($53.7\%$) experienced the dermatological problem after using the disposable diapers. Actually for the diapers which had a lot of formaldehyde, the respondents experienced the problems more severely. 3) The recognizability of formaldehyde was very low. The recognizability on the harnfulness of formaldehyde was lower, which represented the consumers had least or no knowledge about the formaldehyde release problem.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1995

This study was the designed to measure skin irritation caused by clothing at free foraldehde have caused a substantial number of cases of dermatitis type. Free formaldehyde levels were observed in infant's sanitatized goods9disposable diapers, cotton-diapers and under wear etc.) at 1992, 1994. The amount of free formaldehyde was measured by means of Acetyle Acetone method(KS K 0611). As the resort, underwear generally gave the highest free formaldehyde level, but disposable diapers and cotton diapers showed the lowest level. The formaldehyde level in intan's clothing lowered in 1994 than 1992, after the enforcement of the level in intant's clothing lowered in 1994 than 1992, after the enforcement of the formaldehyde level control. it was found that 38.7% of infant's sanitatized goods still exceeded th controlled level(A-Ao : 0.05) In the future, research to lower the amount of formaldehyde released form fabrics will also lead to decreased incidence of garment formaldehyde sensitivity. The possibility of a consumer suffering is being in convenienced form a textile-related skin problem will be even lower than it has been in the past.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.814-824
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• 2005

This study analyzed and standardized the harmful substances of organic compounds(dioxins) in disposable diapers for infant's clothing. Commercial samples obtained from Korea, Japan, America and German were determined by HRGC/HRMS. Experimental Methods were consisted of comparision of extracting solvent, analysis of PCDD/Fs, and analysis of PCDD/Fs of extraction in disposable diaper. The results were as follows. No high TEQ values in TCDD(1), PCDD(0.5) and HxCDD(0.1) were found for commercial disposable diapers from country Korea, Japan, U.S.A and German. In extraction for 6hrs experiments, HpCDD and OCDD were detected in disposable diapers of U1, U2 and G2, respectively. In extraction fur 24hrs experiments, HpCDD, OCDD and OCDF were detected in disposable diapers of J3, U1, U2 and U3. So we need to set standards of measurement for harmful materials contained in textile goods. This will make a safe and comfortable clothing environment for all users, regardless of age.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.94-110
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• 2016

A necessity for infants, diapers are not only used over long durations, but are also in direct contact to the infants' skin, making the choice of diaper to be of utmost importance. Current interest in cloth diapers is rapidly increasing because of issues concerning the baby's health, green environment, and economy. However, previous researches on cloth diapers are limited to simply investigating the form and material of commercial cloth diapers. There are few in-depth researches for the optimal cloth diaper development. This is therefore a fundamental research for the development of optimized cloth diapers, and analyzes the difference in absorption depending on the placement of seam line (liner, darts, and I pattern), the locations of liquid spraying (1 cm and 8 cm ahead of the center), and the amount of liquid capacity (10 and 20 ml). Currently, the development of diaper patterns considers the crotch shape of the infants and the skin length deformation. As a result, in the case of the I-pattern, the horizontal seam line prevents water from spreading to the front and back, thus reducing the absorbed area. This result was more clearly visible when water was sprayed at the center. The effect of the seam line became more obvious when there was more water (20 ml); also, when water was sprayed at the center, more leakage was observed. Using the results of this research, implementation of horizontal seam is expected to prevent the upward spread of urine.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2005

목 적 : 기저귀를 사용하는 어린 유소아들의 소변검체를 얻기 위해 멸균 비닐백을 이용하고 있으나 현실적인 불편함 때문에 보다 간단한 채뇨방법을 모색하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 일차적인 선별검사를 위해 일회용 기저귀를 이용한 소변채취 방법이 기존의 멸균 비닐백을 이용한 방법을 대체할 수 있는지 알아보았다. 방 법 : 99명의 환자들을 대상으로 중간뇨(이하 신선뇨) 60 mL을 채취하여 절반은 고분자 흡수체가 포함되지 않은 일회용 기저귀에 흡수시킨 다음 압착하여 소변검체(이하 재수거뇨)를 얻고 나머지 신선뇨와 함께 일반 소변검사, 현미경적 요 세포검사 및 요 화학검사 등을 시험하였다. 결 과 : 신선뇨 99개와 재수거뇨 99개를 검사하였으며 요 비중, 요 산도, 요 당, 요 단백, 요 잠혈 등은 상관분석 결과 높은 상관관계(R>0.930, P<0.001)를 보였으며 요 백혈구(R=0.738, P<0.001)는 상대적으로 상관관계가 낮았지만 요 나트륨, 요 칼륨, 요 염소 및 요 크레아티닌 등은 두 방법간의 차이가 거의 없었다(R>0.995, P<0.001). 현미경적 요 세포검사에서는 적혈구(R=0.740, P<0.001)와 백혈구(R=0.602, P<0.001) 모두 상대적으로 상관관계가 낮았지만 통계적으로 유의한 수준이었다. 결 론 : 일회용 기저귀를 이용해 채취한 재수거뇨는 신선뇨보다 세포성분의 손실은 있지만 신선뇨의 일반 소변검사 및 요 화학검사 결과를 잘 반영하고 있어 일차적인 선별검사 목적의 채뇨방법으로 유용할 것이다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2015

분변이 오염된 기저귀의 플라스틱과 펄프를 재활용하기 위해서 기저귀에서 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프의 세척, 기저귀의 직접 가열 살균 후 세척, 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프의 세척 후 가열 살균의 3가지 방법으로 플라스틱, 펄프 중의 대장균군과 일반세균의 저감화를 시도하였다. 기저귀를 10% $CaCl_2$과 4% 해수염 용액에 반응시킨 뒤 1,000 ml의 희석액을 투입한 후 체에 걸러 플라스틱과 펄프 시료를 분리하였다. 분리된 플라스틱, 펄프의 미생물의 저감화에는 3회 세척이 가장 적당하였으며 3회 세척 시 플라스틱과 펄프에 잔존하는 대장균군은 92.8%과 99.8%가 감소하였고 일반세균은 97.3%과 98.5%가 감소하였다. 사용된 기저귀에서 플라스틱과 펄프를 분리하지 않고 직접 기저귀를 살균한 후 플라스틱과 펄프를 분리하여 잔존 미생물수를 측정한 결과, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 살균한 후 3회 세척 및 분리 과정을 거쳐 회수한 플라스틱과 펄프에서는 12시간 가열 후에도 $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$에서 각각 2-3 log CFU/g, 1-2 log CFU/g으로 일반세균이 검출되어 완전 사멸이 되지 않았다. 한편 분변 오염된 기저귀로부터 얻어진 플라스틱과 펄프를 3회 세척한 후 가열하는 경우 $80^{\circ}C$에서 4시간으로 완전 살균이 되었으며, 이 방법이 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프 중의 미생물의 저감화에 가장 적합한 방법으로 확인되었다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.933-943
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of changes in child care technology on mother-child contact by using all sorts of literature such as diaries, documents or statistical data. Child care technologies began to change during the 1960's. Diverse goods and services such as baby dry milk, paper diapers and child care centers have made child care easier and saved a great deal of time. This has also allowed women to participate in labor markets easily despite rearing children. But maternal contact with children have declined due to new goods and services and this trend is especially prevalent in early childhood. It could be supported that the convenience of rearing rather than the needs of children like as attachment to maternity primarily was considered in technological change. From this results it was suggested that we should develop the alternative child care technologies which better reflect children's needs.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2000

Dyeing fastness and antibiosis effects of fabrics dyed with wormwood, which has been used in folk medicines and dietary life in Korea for a long time, were studied through dyeing small overcoats, which are used as diapers, with wormwood extract. As for the dying fastness test results, the fastness of decoloration was not that good but the pollution level showed a relatively positive result. As for the antibiosis effect results, the antibiosis of the dyed sample was better than the original sample on 3 kinds of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and on 2 kinds of the fungi(Eumycetes). Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Especially, the sample that was mordant with CaCl2 and FeSO4·7H2O showed the best antibiosis effect. On the other hand, the sample that showed the best antibiosis effect was the refined fabric, which is a fabric that is not dyed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2021

This study investigated the biomass content of fluff type SRF(Solid refuse fuel) operated in B city according to the physical composition. As a result of analyzing the physical composition of SRF, it was investigated that papers 25.2%, fiber 15.1%, vinyl·plastics 42.6%, woods 9.4%, rubbers 1.5%, diapers 3.2% and incombustibles 3.0%. The average of ash and combustible content of SRF was 10.5% and 89.5%, and the higher the proportion of paper and wood, the lower proportion of ash. In addition, the biomass of SRF is 24.9%~58.0%, with an average of 42.6%.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.597-615
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• 1994

This study is designed to facilitate the creation of home environment conducive to the family taking care of chronic bed-ridden patients with more effective method. The need for this study has emerged against the background of marked changes in the structure of ailments and causes of death, resulting in the number and plights of chronic bed-ridden patients as well as of a rapid increase in demand for medical care and resulting premature discharge. Keeping these in mind, this study focused on home-wards where the majority of chronic bed-ridden patients are being cared for. Despite. their overriding importance, home-words are less than efficient in caring (or chronic bed-ridden patients. These circumstances require the designing of home-wards that can offer greater comfort to patients and at the same time make things easier for caregivers, on the basis of an overall analysis of patients' life and home - ward situation. According1y this study adopted a Participant Observation Method derived cultural anthropology, Toward this end, 3 patients were chosen as subjects of this study for intensive interviewing and participant observation. In the process of this field re-search efforts were made to collect emprical data, that is, to faithfully record the words of the subjects and their caregivers for analysis and interpretation. The findings of these analyses are as follows. Firstly, the chronic bed-ridden patients are mostly being taken care by close family members. Secondly, a room for the exclusive use of the patient, floor, kitchen, bathroom and multipurpose space were found to be necessary for proper caring of the patient. These spaces were respectively used with a view to 1) accomodating the patient as well as caregivers' activities, 2) keeping general and medical supplies and other appliances for patient's care and drying the patient's washing, 3) preparing and keeping the patient's foods and beverages, 4) keeping the supplies necessary for cleaning the patient's body and treating the patient's eliminations, 5) washing the patient's clothes, underwears and bedclothes. The patient's room in turn is subdivided into six portions in terms of uses : specifically the places for accomodating 1) the patient, 2) medical supplies, 3) medicines, 4) linens St clothes, 5) bedclothes and, 6) diapers. Thirdly, the activities of the caregiver are subdivided into seven key areas : hygiene, exercise, diet, elimination, therapeutic nursing, prevention of sore, and other activities. Each area is further classified into several different activities of caring. These activities we mainly carried out in the patient's room. Fourthly, the supplies for caring the chronic bed-ridden patient is divided into two large domains : medical and general supplies. Finally, three main problems areas were found in this study on the part of caregivers, that is, sore prevention, hygiene problem related frequent urination / defecation, the caregiver's physical, psych ological and emotional burden. In consideration of the aforesaid problem areas, a model home-ward was developed in this study. The newly-developed model has been found to have the following six advantages. Firstly, the time and effort required for maintaining the patient's hygiene are reduced, thus relievins the caregiver's physical and psychological bur-den. Secondly, the patient's hygiene can be maintained in satisfactory conditions, because the patient's eliminations are more easily removed. Thirdly, skin irritations caused by the patient's eliminations were remarkably reduced and so were the patient's sores due to moisture and bacteria. Fourthly, the home-ward have a tilt-table ef-fect thanks to the inclining room floor. This improves the patient's cardiovascular function as well as constantly changes pressed skin areas and thus prevents sores. Fifthly, improved shelf arrangements help make the best use of patient's supplies. Sixthly, the trouble of continuously changing clothes, underwears, diapers & bedclothes is remarkably reduced simply by covering the patient with cotton sheets when laid in bed. This is espected to cut down expenses by reducing the comsumptions of diapers and other disposable supplies.