• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2009

Peritoneal dialysis is a preferred modality of replacement therapy in children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease waiting for kidney transplantation. Recent development of pediatric swan-neck catheters with cuffs, novel dialysis solutions, and cyclers for automated peritoneal dialysis enabled more flexible prescriptions of dialysis with less complication, and improved patients' activities as well as the dialysis adequacy. Principles and practical issues of chronic peritoneal dialysis in children and adolescents are reviewed and utility of a web-based Korean Pediatric CRF Registry is explained.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제21권B호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

For the development of a large-scale dialysis process for silk fibroin solution, a batch and continuous dialysis chamber was designed and built, which are to be used as a unit module for the process. A series of dialysis experiments were carried out to estimate the kinetic parameters for dialysis using the solutions of salt-solubilized silk fibroin. The solution was dialyzed by distilled water either batch-wise or continuously. Dialysis kinetics was monitored by measuring refractometery at high salt concentration and conductivity at lower salt concentration. The apparent dialysis coefficients were $5.4g/m^2-hr$ and $1.8g/m^2-hr$, for well mixed batch and continuous dialysis, respectively. The alteration of molecular weight distribution of dialyzed silk fibroin solution was monitored.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.304-313
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• 1972

溶解된 粒子의 이온量 또는 分子量을 決定하는 方法으로서의 透膜法에는 裝置의 未備點과 實驗方法의 改良되어야 할 點이 아직 남아 있으므로 우선 이들을 改善하여 補完하였다. 透析簡에 膜을 密着시킬수 있도록 鐵製링을 開發하였다. 透析液과 外部液의 水準을 0.02mm의 精度로 一致調節하고 維持시킴으로써 渗透 및 濾過效果를 最小限度로 抑制시켰다. 두 液의 攪拌速度를 任意의 定速度로 變更하여 그 攪拌量을 一定하게 維持할 수 있도록 하였으며, 그 溫度를 透析其間中 ${\pm}0.01^{\circ}C$의 精度로 一致維持시킬수 있도록 하였다. 透析期間中 透析液의 부피變化를 -1.62 ~ +0.92%範圍로 좁혔으며, 渗透 및 濾過效果와 膜孔의 크기와의 關係를 追究하여 最適透析時間을 究明하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2013

Dialysis is the rate-limiting step in the preparation of aqueous silk fibroin (SF) solution. However, the traditional practice of dialyzing SF solution for at least 48 h to remove LiBr is not based on empirical evidence. The aim of the present study was to systematically measure LiBr content in SF solutions dialyzed for varying lengths of time and assess the potential toxicity of residual lithium ions in cells. Complete removal of lithium ions was not achieved even after 72 h of dialysis, with a residual lithium ion content in the solution of 22.85 mg/l. SF films prepared from solutions dialyzed for 8 and 24 h had predominantly random coil or b-sheet structures, respectively. The residual lithium had little cytotoxicity in NIH3T3 fibroblast cells, but viability was compromised in cells grown on SF film prepared from solution dialyzed for 24 h.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

마늘 및 숙성을 통한 가공마늘 갈변물질의 생리활성을 규명하고자 생마늘, 중간숙성 마늘인 홍마늘 및 흑마늘의 수용성 갈변물질을 투석막을 이용하여 투석내액 및 외액으로 분리한 다음 동결 건조하여 항산화활성을 중심으로 생리활성을 비교분석하였다. 생마늘 및 홍마늘 투석액의 pH는 내액에서 더 높았으나 흑마늘은 이와 상반되게 투석외액의 pH가 더 높았고, 갈변물질은 생마늘, 홍마늘 및 흑마늘 모두 투석외액에서 더 높은 함량이었다. 총 페놀 화합물의 함량은 투석내액의 경우 홍마늘에서 가장 낮았고 흑마늘에서 가장 높았으나, 투석외액에서는 홍마늘에서 가장 높은 함량이었다. 플라보노이드 화합물의 함량은 흑마늘 투석내액에서 가장 높았으며, total pyruvate의 함량은 생마늘과 홍마늘의 경우 투석외액에서 더 높았으나 흑마늘은 이와 상반된 결과였다. Total thiosulfinate의 함량은 흑마늘에서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 홍마늘, 생마늘의 순서였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 생마늘과 흑마늘의 경우 투석내액이, 홍마늘은 외액에서 더 활성이 높았고, tyrosinase 저해활성은 홍마늘 투석액이 생 마늘 및 흑마늘에 비해 더 활성이 높았다. $\alpha$-Glucosidase 저해활성은 투석내액이 외액보다 높았으며, 저농도에서 홍마늘은 생마늘보다 활성이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 생마늘과 홍마늘의 항산화 활성은 투석외액에서 더 높으며, tyrosinase 및 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해활성은 투석내액에서 더 높았고, 이들에 비해 갈변 반응이 더 많이 진행된 흑마늘의 경우 투석내액의 생리활성이 더 높아 마늘의 갈변정도에 따라 생리활성에 기여하는 갈변물질의 분자 크기가 상이함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2016

Purpose: In this single repeated measures study, an examination was done on the effects of dialysate flow rate on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: This study was a prospective single center study in which repeated measures analysis of variance were used to compare Kt/V urea (Kt/V) and urea reduction ratio (URR) as dialysis adequacy measures and level of fatigue at different dialysate flow rates: twice as fast as the participant's own blood flow, 500 mL/min, and 700 mL/min. Thirty-seven hemodialysis patients received all three dialysate flow rates using counterbalancing. Results: The Kt/V ($M{\pm}SD$) was $1.40{\pm}0.25$ at twice the blood flow rate, $1.41{\pm}0.23$ at 500 mL/min, and $1.46{\pm}0.24$ at 700 mL/min. The URR ($M{\pm}SD$) was $68.20{\pm}5.90$ at twice the blood flow rate, $68.67{\pm}5.22$ at 500 mL/min, and $70.11{\pm}5.13$ at 700 mL/min. When dialysate flow rate was increased from twice the blood flow rate to 700 mL/min and from 500 mL/min to 700 mL/ min, Kt/V and URR showed relative gains. There was no difference in fatigue according to dialysate flow rate. Conclusion: Increasing the dialy-sate flow rate to 700 mL/min is associated with a significant increase in dialysis adequacy. Hemodialysis with a dialysate flow rate of 700 mL/min should be considered in selected patients not achieving adequacy despite extended treatment times and optimized blood flow rate.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2011

At steady state, the simultaneous transport of sulphuric acid and nickel sulphate through an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN (Astom Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was investigated in a two-compartment counter-current dialyzer with single passes. The transport was quantified by the recovery yield of acid, rejection of salt and four phenomenological coefficients, which were correlated with the acid and salt concentrations in the feed. The phenomenological coefficients were determined by the numerical integration of the basic differential equations describing the concentration profiles of the components in the dialyzer. This integration was combined with an optimizing procedure. The experiments proved that the acid recovery yield is in the limits from 63 to 91 %, while salt rejection is in the limits from 79 to 97 % in the dependence on the volumetric liquid flow rate and composition of the feed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.500-509
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• 1993

Pectins present in the primary cell walls and middle lamellae of plant cell walls are extracted by water, cheating agents, acid or alkali solutions. However, some neutral contaminating components are extracted in conjunction with pectins during the extraction process. Thus, the accurate characterization of physi-cochemical properties of pectins necessitates to get rid of the impurities. In this review, dialysis, alcohol precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and metal precipitation were compared as procedures to purify the pectin extracts. In addition, the chemical methods to analyze pectins are discussed in terms of three major chemical constituents, i.e., anhydrogalacturonic acid, methoxyl groups and neutral sugars.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

This article underscores the importance of integrating comprehensive palliative care for noncancer patients who are undergoing hemodialysis, with an emphasis on the aging populations in Asian nations such as Taiwan, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. As the global demographic landscape shifts towards an aging society and healthcare continues to advance, a marked increase has been observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis who require palliative care. This necessitates an immediate paradigm shift to incorporate this care, addressing the intricate physical, psychosocial, and spiritual challenges faced by these individuals and their families. Numerous challenges impede the provision of effective palliative care, including difficulties in prognosis, delayed referrals, cultural misconceptions, lack of clinician confidence, and insufficient collaboration among healthcare professionals. The article proposes potential solutions, such as targeted training for clinicians, the use of telemedicine to facilitate shared decision-making, and the introduction of time-limited trials for dialysis to overcome these obstacles. The integration of palliative care into routine renal treatment and the promotion of transparent communication among healthcare professionals represent key strategies to enhance the quality of life and end-of-life care for people on hemodialysis. By embracing innovative strategies and fostering collaboration, healthcare providers can deliver more patient-centered, holistic care that meets the complex needs of seriously ill patients within an aging population undergoing hemodialysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2003

A polymeric micelle drug delivery system was developed to enhance the solubility of poorly-water soluble drug, biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate, DDB. The block copolymers consisting of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) as the hydrophobic segment and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as the hydrophilic segment were synthesized and characterized by NMR, DSC and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The size of the polymeric micelles measured by dynamic light scattering showed a narrow monodisperse size distribution with the average diameter less than 50 nm. The MW of mPEG-PLA, 3000 (MW of mPEG, 2 K; MW of PLA, 1K), and the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments on the polymeric micelles were confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and NMR, respectively. Polymeric micelle solutions of DDB were prepared by three different methods, i.e. the matrix method, emulsion method and dialysis method. In the matrix method, DDB solubility was reached to 13.29 mg/mL. The mPEG-PLA 2K-1K micelle system was compared with the poloxamer 407 micelle system for their critical micelle concentration, micelle size, solubilizing capacity, stability in dilution and physical state. DDB loaded-polymeric micelles prepared by the matrix method showed a significantly increased aqueous solubility (＞5000 fold over intrinsic solubility) and were found to be superior to the poloxamer 407 micelles as a drug carrier.