• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2009

Objectives: Fatigue is a prevalent symptom encompassing both acute and chronic manifestations. Most fatigue symptoms can be cured by taking a rest or removing underlying causes. However, chronic fatigue is frequently problematic due to its duration and effect on quality of life. There are no particularly effective therapies for chronic fatigue of unknown causes, and patients in Korea usually visit an Oriental clinic. This study aimed to analyze the current status of treatments and patients with chronic fatigue, and then map out of a strategy for development of generalized-treatments for chronic fatigue in Oriental Medicine. Methods: Clinical information related to chronic fatigue was selected from various different databases such as PubMed, KoreaMed, KStudy, DBPIA, OIM, and KOMS. Also, to understand current tendency of medical examination and treatment related with chronic fatigue, we requested Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service for clinical datum from 2003 to 2007. Results: The medical fees of National Health Insurance related with fatigue show an explosive year-on-year increase. On the other hand, it has been decreasing annually in the western medical fields. To take charge of clinical fields related with chronic fatigue by Oriental Medicine, we should make a unified diagnostic system. Then, we should also make standard evaluation tools and develop herbal drugs according to this unified diagnostic system. Conclusions: Fatigue-related symptoms will be a main target of Oriental medicine in the future. We expect that various studies related with chronic fatigue will be undertaken hereafter.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2001

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Neer, Hawkins provocative tests and supraspinatus manual muscle test for the assessment of impingement syndrome, partial tear and small complete tear of De rotator cuff. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one female and 115 male patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into four groups of no impingement, impingement without tear, partial tear and small complete tear of the rotator cuff, which were confirmed by sonogram, magnetic resonance imaging and surgery. Neer and Hawkins provocative tests and supraspinatus manual muscle test were performed respectively. SAS 6.12 version was used in statistical analysis. Results: We found that Neer test had 94% sensitivity, 54% specificity for impingement without tear and 89% sensitivity, 78% specificity for partial tear and 96% sensitivity, 23% specificity for small tear. Hawkins test revealed 95% sensitivity, 54% specificity for impingement without tear and 93% sensitivity, 78% specificity for partial tear and 100% sensitivity, 23% specificity for small tear. Supraspinatus manual muscle test revealed 27% sensitivity, 94% specificity for impingement without tear and 29% sensitivity, 82% specificity for partial tear and 48% sensitivity, 82% specificity for small tear. Conclusion: Neer and Hawkins tests have high sensitivity, low specificity for impingement syndrome, partial and small tear. Supraspinatus manual muscle test had low sensitivity and high specificity. However this test was not effective to differentiate the partial and small rotator cuff tear. We thought that more effective provocative test should be designed to detect the partial and small rotator cuff tear.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

A preliminary study into the protective mechanisms of adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets (n = 9) born to a gilt challenged intranasally with a type-2 PRRSV. Immune parameters (neutralizing antibodies, $CD3^+CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocytes, and PRRSV-specific interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secreting T-lymphocytes) were compared with infection parameters (macro- and microscopic lung lesion, and PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages ($CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$) as well as with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads. Percentages of three T-lymphocyte phenotypes in 14-days post-birth (dpb) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) had significant negative correlations with percentages of $CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$ (p < 0.05) as well as with macroscopic lung lesion (p < 0.01). Plasma and tissue viral loads had significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations with $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocyte percentage in PBMC. Frequencies of $CD3^+CD8^+$ and $CD3^+CD4^+$ T-lymphocytes in 14-dpb PBMC had significant negative correlations with of lymph node (p = 0.04) and lung (p = 0.002) viral loads. $IFN-{\gamma}$-secreting T-lymphocytes frequency had a significant negative correlation with gross lung lesion severity (p = 0.002). However, neutralizing antibody titers had no significant negative correlation (p > 0.1) with infection parameters. The results indicate that T-lymphocytes contribute to controlling PRRSV replication in young piglets born after in-utero infection.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1997

Objectives: Salivary gland tumors pose considerable difficulty in diagnostic and prognostic assessment based on the histopathologic features alone. We studied the expression of type IV collagen and fibronectin in salivary gland tumors with special emphasis on the differential diagnostic significance. Materials and Methods: We did immunohistochemical stain on paraffin embedded tissues of 33 benign and 24 malignant salivary gland tumors using monoclonal antibody for type IV collagen and polyclonal antibody for fibronectin. Results: 1) Well preserved linear basement membrane-like staining of type IV collagen was detected in duct-cell-derived benign salivary gland tumors. But pleomorphic adenoma exhibited a heterogeneous pattern as focal augmentation and interruption. 2) In malignant tumors, type IV collagen was distributed in an irregular, interrupted manner or completely absent. Adenoid cystic carcinomas displayed a marked staining of the basal membrane associated substances in the pseudocysts. 3) The staining pattern of fibronectin was similar to that of type IV collagen execpt more dense in the stroma. 4) Salivary gland tumors which have a prominent myoepithelial cell component revealed a particular deposition of basement membrane materials adjacent to the myoepithelial cells. Conclusion: The study of the basal membrane substances may be helpful for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and identifying special features of salivary gland tumors such as pseudocystic pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Also we think that the myoepithelial cells contribute to the formation of basement membrane materials.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

가공 송전선로의 아연도금 강심 알루미늄연선 도체들은 장기간 동안 대기오염에 의해 서서히 열화되었기 때문에, 2천년 대에 이르러 수많은 도체들이 예상된 유효수명을 초과하였다. 대부분의 도체들은 경제적인 운용 측면에서 현재 상태들을 평가하지 않으면 안되므로, 이 논문에서는 경년, 환경지표, 및 도체구조와 같은 중요 파라미터들을 사용하여 노화도체의 현재 상태를 평가하기 위한 방법을 제안하였다. 노화도체의 수명에 대응하는 열화등급을 예측하기 위한 진단 방법을 기술하였으며, 이 시스템은 전문가 지식과 경험을 토대로 적응 뉴로퍼지 추론시스템 (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)으로 설계하였다. 이 진단시스템을 국내의 송전선로에 적용하여, 이 시스템이 노화 ACSR 도체를 비파괴적으로 진단하고 경제적으로 운용하기 위한 방안으로서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2018

Background: Respiratory troubles have economic impacts in countries where livestock industry is an important segment of the agricultural sector, as well as these problems may cause significant economic losses for bovine producers. Various practical methods are used to assess diseases that affect the bovine respiratory system. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in diagnosis of various animal diseases. The present study was designed to establish whether thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for detection of respiratory troubles in weaned buffalo and cattle calves, as well as to assess its prognostic value in comparison with clinical respiratory scores. Thirty five (15 buffalo and 20 cattle) calves were included. Twelve (6 buffalo and 6 cattle) clinically healthy calves were enrolled as controls. Results: Based on physical examinations, clinical respiratory scores (CRS), ultrasound lung scores (ULS) and postmortem findings, animals were classified into 4 groups as pulmonary emphysema (n = 8), interstitial pulmonary syndrome (n = 7), bronchopneumonia (n = 12), and pleurisy (n = 8). The mean values of CRS and ULS were significantly higher in diseased calves (P < 0.01). In calves with pulmonary emphysema and interstitial syndrome, thoracic ultrasonography revealed numerous comet-tail artifacts, which varied in numbers and imaging features. Furthermore, variable degrees of pulmonary consolidation with alveolograms and bronchograms were noticed in bronchopneumonic calves. In addition, thick irregular or fragmented pleura with pleural effusions and fibrin shreds were imaged in calves with pleurisy. A weak correlation was calculated between CRS and ULS (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Hematologically, the counts of white blood cells, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and partial tensions of carbon dioxide were significantly increased in all diseased groups. Serum concentrations of total globulins were higher in claves with bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). The partial tension of oxygen was decreased in all diseased calves (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for various lung troubles and assessment the grade and severity of pulmonary diseases, as well as it can be used as a follow-up tool for evaluating the prognosis of respiratory troubles and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.

• Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2018

Objective For patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), symptoms assessed by emergency medical services (EMS) providers have a critical role in prehospital treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EMS provider-assessed cardiac symptoms of AMI. Methods Patients transported by EMS to 4 study hospitals from 2008 to 2012 were included. Using EMS and administrative emergency department databases, patients were stratified according to the presence of EMS-assessed cardiac symptoms and emergency department diagnosis of AMI. Cardiac symptoms were defined as chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, and syncope. Disproportionate stratified sampling was used, and medical records of sampled patients were reviewed to identify an actual diagnosis of AMI. Using inverse probability weighting, verification bias-corrected diagnostic performance was estimated. Results Overall, 92,353 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 13,971 (15.1%) complained of cardiac symptoms to EMS providers. A total of 775 patients were sampled for hospital record review. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EMS provider-assessed cardiac symptoms for the final diagnosis of AMI was 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70.8 to 75.7), 85.3% (95% CI, 85.3 to 85.4), 3.9% (95% CI, 3.6 to 4.2), and 99.7% (95% CI, 99.7 to 99.8), respectively. Conclusion We found that EMS provider-assessed cardiac symptoms had moderate sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosis of AMI. EMS policymakers can use these data to evaluate the pertinence of specific prehospital treatment of AMI.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2022

Purpose: To assess clinically significant imaging findings of malignant intramammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) in breast cancer patients and to evaluate their diagnostic performance in predicting malignant IMLN. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 cases with IMLN of BI-RADS category 3 or more, not typical benign IMLN, in MR of breast cancer patients between January 2016 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. After excluding 33 cases, 77 cases were finally included. Among them, 58 and 19 were confirmed as benign and malignant, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative MR imaging features of the IMLN were retrospectively analyzed. Sizes and final assessment categories of IMLN on MRI, mammography, and ultrasound were reviewed. Diagnostic performances of imaging features on MRI, mammography, and ultrasound were then evaluated. Results: For qualitative MR features, shape, margin, and preserved central hilum were significantly different between benign and malignant groups (P < 0.05). For quantitative MR features, long diameter over 6 mm, short diameter over 4 mm, and cortical thickening over 3 mm showed high sensitivities in predicting malignant IMLNs (89.5%, 94.7%, and 100%, respectively). Size exceeding 1 cm showed high specificity and accuracy in predicting malignant IMLN on MR, mammography, and ultrasound (91.4% and 80.5%; 96.6% and 79.25; 98.3% and 80.5%, respectively). Conclusion: Various MR imaging features and size can be helpful for predicting malignant IMLN in breast cancer patients.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2022

영상의학 분야에서 컴퓨터단층촬영(Computed Tomography, CT) 검사는 가장 보편화된 검사 방법 중의 하나이고 병원에서 이용 빈도가 매우 높은 검사 방법 중의 하나이다. 그러나 다른 검사 방법에 비해 매우 높은 방사선 피폭을 동반한다. 피폭 저감화를 위해서 CT 검사가 꼭 필요한 경우만 검사를 시행하는 방법과 꼭 필요해서 검사를 시행하는 경우에도 검사의 목적에 부합하고 적은 선량으로 검사를 시행할 수 있는 프로토콜을 사용해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지역의 대표적 종합병원에서 사용하고 있는 가장 최신의 방사선량 사용정보를 알아보고 진단기준수준(Dignostic Reference Level, DRL)을 개발하고자 하였다. 실험결과 두부 CT, 복부 CT검사에서 DLP는 NRPB(U.K) 와 Korea DRL보다 높게 나타났다. 흉부 CT의 사용 DLP 값은 CT장치 3종 모두 낮게 나타났다. 해당 병원에서는 CT 검사 시 피폭 저감화를 위한 노력을 해야 하는 것을 알 수 있었고 특히 두부 CT, 복부 CT에서 피폭 저감의 노력이 필요하다고 판단한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.163-179
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the clinical effects of foot bath therapy for insomnia disorder through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Studies were selected from seven domestic and international literature databases. Data on diagnostic tools, pattern identification, sample size, intervention methods, outcome measurements, results, and adverse events were extracted. The quality of the selected literature was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool. Results: A total of 11 studies were included in this study. The primary diagnostic tool for insomnia dis- order was the criteria for the diagnosis and therapeutic effect of diseases and syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (CDTDSTCM), along with the Chinese classification of mental disorders-3 (CCMD-3). Treatment effects were mainly evaluated by the effective rate and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The meta-analysis results showed statistically higher effectiveness rates for treating insomnia disorder in the experimental groups receiving herbal medicine foot bath therapy with sleeping or herbal medication compared to the control group. The PSQI was lower in the treatment group receiving herbal medicine foot bath therapy with sleeping medication. The herbal materials used in herbal medicine foot bath therapy mainly included Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Polygonum Multiflorum, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and Cortex Albizziae. The quality of the included studies was generally poor. Conclusions: This study found that foot bath therapy had clinical efficacy for treating insomnia disorder. The research findings could provide foundational evidence for establishing the clinical basis of foot bath therapy in the treatment of insomnia.