• 제목/요약/키워드: Diagnostic Code

검색결과 101건 처리시간 0.026초

한국형 표준전동차 종합제어장치(TCMS)의 신뢰성 소프트웨어 개발 기술 (Reliability software design techniques of the Train Control and Monitoring System(TCMS) for the Standard type K-EMU)

  • 한성호;안태기;이수길;이관섭;최규형
    • 한국철도학회논문집
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 2000
  • The train control and monitoring system (TCMS) is an on board computer system in railway vehicles performing the control, supervisory and diagnostic functions of the complete train system. This system replaces a lot of hard-wired relays and minimizes the necessary vehicle wiring thus increasing the reliability of the train. It is also one of more important equipment on vehicle to implement much higher safety and reliability train system. We studied a software design technique of TCMS using a CASE tool that is a kind of safety critical software engineering tool (SCADE). This tool has mainly four functions such as the graphical editor, the document maker, tile automatically code generator, and the test simulator. The several functions of TCMS are implemented in this software easily programmed using a functional block diagram and a graphic programming language. We applied to automatically generated TCMS modules on the SCADE each functional block for the Standard type EMU in Korea. We performed the combination test using TCMS simulator and the running test in Seoul subway 7 Line. We proved that this technique is more useful for the software design of TCMS in urban transit

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지능형 대용량 비례유량제어밸브 서보컨트롤러 설계 (Design of Intelligent Servocontroller for Proportional Flow Control Solenoid Valve with Large Capacity)

  • 정규홍
    • 유공압시스템학회논문집
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2011
  • As the technologies of electronic device have advanced these days, most of mechanical systems are designed with electronic control unit to take advantage of control parameter adaption to operating conditions and firmware flexibilities as well. On-board diagnosis, which detects the system malfunction and identifies potential source of error with its own diagnostic criteria, and fail-safe that can switch the mode of operation in view of recognized error characteristics enables easy maintenance and troubleshooting as well as system protection. This paper dealt with the development of diagnosis and fail-safe function for proportional flow control valve. All type of errors related to valve control system components are investigated and assigned to a specific hexadecimal codes. Cumulative error detection algorithm is applied in order for the sensitivity and reliability to be appropriate. Embedded simulator which runs simultaneously with system program provides the virtual error simulation environment for expeditious development of error detection algorithm. The diagnosis function was verified both with solenoid valve and embedded simulator test and it will enhance the valve control system monitoring function.

변속기 시뮬레이터를 이용한 진단 및 안전작동 알고리즘 분석 (Analysis of Diagnosis and Failsafe Algorithm Using Transmission Simulator)

  • 정규홍
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2014
  • As the digital control technologies in automotive industry have advanced, electronic control units(ECUs) play a key-role to improve system performance. Transmission control unit(TCU) is a shifting controller for automatic transmission of which major functions are to determine the shift and manage the shifting process considering the various sensor signal on transmission and driver's commands. As with any ECU in vehicle, TCU performs complex algorithms such as shift control, diagnostic and failsafe functions. However, firmware design analysis is hardly possible by the reverse engineering due to code protection. Transmission simulator is a hardware-in-the-loop simulator which enables TCU to work in normal mode by simulating the electrical signal of TCU interface. In this research, diagnosis and failsafe algorithm implemented on commercialized TCU is analyzed by using the transmission simulator that is developed for wheel loader construction vehicle. This paper gives various experimental results on the proportional solenoid current trajectories for different operating modes, error detection criterion and limphome mode gears for all the possible cases of clutch malfunction. The derived results for conventional TCU can be applied to the development of inherent TCU algorithms and the transmission simulator can also be utilized for the test of TCU to be developed.

인간 시각 장치의 특성을 이용한 의학 영상 압축에 관한 연구 (The Study on the Medical Image Compression using the Characteristics of Human Visual System)

  • 지영준;박광석
    • 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한의용생체공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.38-41
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    • 1993
  • For efficient transmission and storage of digital images, the requirements of image compression is incresing. Because the medical images contain diagnostic information small distortion has been more important factor than the low rate in such images. Generally the distortion in image is the difference of pixel values. However the image is percieved by human visual systems. So it is reasonable that human visual system characteristics be used as criteria of the image compression. In this paper, the Just Noticeable Difference curve is used as criteria of determining the homogeniety of a block and acceptibility of distortions. And Block Truncation Coding using spatial masking effect of eyes is adopted to code the blocks which contain line components. And small blocks which varies slowly can be approximated to polynomial functions successfully. We proposed the hybrid block coding scheme based on the block characteristics and human visual system characteristics. Simulation to several kinds of the medical images using this method showed that medical images can be compressed 5:1 - 10:1 without noticeable distortion.

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Discovery of Raman-scattered He II Features at 6545 Å in Planetary Nebulae NGC 6886 & NGC 6881 from BOES Spectroscopy

  • Choi, Bo-Eun;Lee, Hee-Won
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.50.4-51
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    • 2020
  • We report our discovery of Raman-scattered He II λ6545 feature in young planetary nebulae NGC 6886 and NGC 6881 which indicates the existence of atomic hydrogen components. Considering sharply increasing cross-section of hydrogen atom near the resonance, Raman-scattered He II features are a useful diagnostic tool to investigate the distribution and kinematics of H I region in planetary nebulae. The high-resolution spectroscopic observation was carried out using BOES installed on the 1.8 m telescope of BOAO. We estimate the column density of H I region and its expansion velocity using our grid-based Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code. We assume that the H I region is uniformly distributed in spherical shell geometry with an opening angle and expands with constant speed. Our best-fit model is shown with the column density NHI = 3 × 1020 cm-2 and expansion speed vexp = 25 km s-1 with the opening angle ~ 25° for NGC 6886, and NHI = 4 × 1020 cm-2 and vexp = 30 km s-1 with the opening angle ~ 35° for NGC 6881. We present brief discussions on the late-stage of evolution of stars with mass > 3 M⊙.

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Long non-coding RNAs: key regulators of liver and kidney fibrogenesis

  • Su-hyang Han;Je Yeong Ko;Eun Seo Kang;Jong Hoon Park;Kyung Hyun Yoo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제56권7호
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    • pp.374-384
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    • 2023
  • Fibrosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by an abnormal buildup of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, in tissues. This condition affects various organs of the body, including the liver and kidney. Early diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis are crucial, as it is a progressive and irreversible process in both organs. While there are certain similarities in the fibrosis process between the liver and kidney, there are also significant differences that must be identified to determine molecular diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins, are increasingly recognized as playing significant roles in gene expression regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that specific lncRNAs are involved in fibrosis development and progression by modulating signaling pathways, such as the TGF-β/Smad pathway and the β-catenin pathway. Thus, identifying the precise lncRNAs involved in fibrosis could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarize lncRNAs related to fibrosis in the liver and kidney, and propose their potential as therapeutic targets based on their functions.

WHO basic methods와 International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS-II)를 사용한 전주시 청소년의 우식상태 조사 (Evaluation of Caries Status among Adolescents in Jeonju City with WHO Basic Methods, International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS-II))

  • 박기봉;김도영;이대우;김재환;양연미;김재곤
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.382-390
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    • 2016
  • 청소년기에는 초기 우식 병소를 진단 기준에 포함시키는 것이 더 유리하기에 본 연구에서는 WHO basic methods 와 ICDAS-II 점수를 활용하여 13세와 16세 청소년의 우식 상태를 조사하였다. 전체 우식경험영구치지수는 3.71, 우식영구치지수는 1.94이었으며 16세에서 13세보다 높았다. 군별로는 대구치, 소구치, 전치의 순으로 우식경험영구치지수와 우식영구치 지수가 높았다. 전체 치아의 ICDAS-II code 0은 77.46%이었으며, 후방치열로 갈수록 우식치아의 수가 증가하였다. 전치와 소구치의 우식은 모두 법랑질에 국한되었다. ICDAS-II 점수는 초기우식병소 발견에 용이하여 우식관리의 예방적 접근이 가능한 방법이다.

형광체 결합형 X선 영상검출기의 공간 해상력 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 (Optical Monte Carlo Simulation on Spatial Resolution of Phosphor Coupled X-ray Imaging Detector)

  • 강상식;김소영;신정욱;허승욱;김재형;남상희
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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    • pp.328-328
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    • 2007
  • Large area matrix-addressed image detectors are a recent technology for x-ray imaging with medical diagnostic and other applications. The imaging properties of x-ray pixel detectors depend on the quantum efficiency of x-rays, the generated signal of each x-ray photon and the distribution of the generated signal between pixels. In a phosphor coated detector the light signal is generated by electrons captured in the phosphor screen. In our study we simulated the lateral spread distributions for phosphor coupled detector by Monte Carlo simulations. Most simulations of such detectors simplify the setup by only taking the conversion layer into account neglecting behind. The Monte Carlo code MCNPX has been used to simulate the complete interaction and subsequent charge transport of x-ray radiation. This has allowed the analysis of charge sharing between pixel elements as an important limited factor of digital x-ray imaging system. The parameters are determined by lateral distribution of x-ray photons and x-ray induced electrons. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a design tool for the evaluation of geometry factor in the phosphor coupled optical imaging detector. In order to evaluate the spatial resolution for different phosphor material, phosphor geometry we have developed a simulation code. The developed code calculates the energy absorption and spatial distribution based on both the signal from the scintillating layer and the signal from direct detection of x-ray in the detector. We show that internal scattering contributes to the so-called spatial resolution drop of the image detector. Results from the simulation of spatial distribution in a phosphor pixel detector are presented. The spatial resolution can be increased by optimizing pixel size and phosphor thickness.

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농업용 호소의 조류 발생 진단을 위한 간편 도구의 개발 (Development of simple tools for algal bloom diagnosis in agricultural lakes)

  • 남귀숙;이승헌;조현정;박주현;조영철
    • 환경생물
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.433-445
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 농업용 호소의 녹조발생을 간편하고, 효율적으로 진단할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고자 하였다. 2018년 4월~10월 동안 15개 농업용 호소에서 채취된 182개의 시료를 이용하여 식물플랑크톤 현존량을 반영할 수 있는 수질 이화학적 항목을 살펴보고자 식물플랑크톤과 TN, TP, Chl-a, SD 등의 상관계수(r)를 분석한 결과, 총 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 Chl-a (r=0.666), SD (r= -0.351)와 높은 상관관계, 남조류와 유해 남조류 현존량 역시 Chl-a과 각각 r=0.664, r=0.353, SD와 각각 r= -0.340, r= -0.338로 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보여주었으나 TN, TP의 항목과는 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. Chl-a 농도는 SD와 r= -0.434의 상관관계를 보여주어 식물플랑크톤 현존량보다 높은 유사성을 나타냈으므로, 조류경보제에서 사용하는 유해 남조류 현존량 분석을 대신하여 녹조예찰을 위한 진단 요소항목으로 Chl-a와 SD를 선정하고 실시간 SD 실측 값을 이용하여 진단을 할 경우 그 결과에 대한 유의성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 녹조진단 도구는 SD와 탁도 측정방법을 변형한 역원뿔 모양의 용기와 녹조판단조견표로 구성되어 있으며, 현장수를 채취하여 녹조발생 정도에 따라 용기 내에 보이는 원형환의 개수 또는 각 원형환에 표시된 숫자를 관찰하고, 조류의 색도를 녹조판단조견표와 비교하여 최종 녹조단계를 판별할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 정확한 진단을 위해 Chl-a 농도와 원형환의 수에 근거한 4단계 진단 기준과 Hexa 코드명이 표기된 부채모양의 조견표를 제시하여 한가지 방법에 따른 변수와 오차를 보완하고 판단의 편리성을 함께 제공하였다. 이를 통해 농업용 호소의 녹조진단을 용이하게 할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 녹조관리방안 수립을 효율화하여 녹조로부터 안전하고 건강한 농업용수 확보가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

소아 무균성 뇌막염의 역학적 연구를 위한 건강보험자료원의 유용성 평가 (Assessment of the Availability of Health Insurance Data for Epidemiologic Study of Childhood Aseptic Meningitis)

  • 박수경;기모란;손영모;김호;정해관
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.349-358
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    • 2003
  • Objectives : Aseptic meningitis is a major cause of Korean childhood morbidity late spring and early summer. However, the nationwide incidences of the disease have not been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of National Health Insurance data (NHID) for the study of an epidemiological trend in the surveillance of aseptic meningitis in children. Methods : All the claims, under A87, A87.8, and A87.9 by ICD-10, among children below 15 years of age, to the National Health Insurance Corporation, between January and December 1998, were extracted. A survey of the medical record of 3,874 cases from 136 general hospitals was peformed. The availability of the NHID was evaluated by the three following methods: 1) The diagnostic accuracy (the positive Predictive value : proportion of the confirmed aseptic meningitis among the subjects registered as above disease-codes in NHID) was evaluated through a chart review, and according to age, gender, month and region of disease-occurrence. 2) The distribution of confirmed cases was compared with the distribution of total subjects from the NHID, for subjects in General hospitals, or the subjects surveyed. 3) The proportion of confirmed CSF test was confirmed, and the relating factor, which was the difference in CSF-test rate, analyzed. Results : Among 3,874 cases, CSF examinations were peformed on 1,845 (47.6%), and the CSF-test rates were different according to the medical utility (admission vs. OPD visit) and the severity of the symptoms and signs. The diagnostic accuracy for aseptic meningitis, and during the epidemic (May-Aug) and sporadic (Sept-Apr) periods, were 85.0 (1,568/1,845), 86.0 (1,239/l,440) and 81.2% (329/405), respectively. The distributions by age, sex, month or period (epidemic/sporadic) and region, in the confirmed cases, were similar to those in the NHID, in both the subjects at General hospitals and in those surveyed, to within ${\pm}7%$. Conclusions : In this paper, the NHID for the subjects registered with an aseptic meningitis disease-code might be available for an epidemiological study on the incidence-estimation of childhood aseptic meningitis, as the NHID could include both the probable and definite cases. On the basis of this result, further studies of time-series and secular trend analyses, using the NHID, will be peformed.