• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2008

This study was to investigate diadochokinetic (DDK) rate, regularity and mean flow rate of articulation valves in dysarthria. DDK rate, mean airflow rate (MFR) and regularity of DDK syllable repetitions of vocal function /ihi/, tongue function /ta/, velopharyngeal function /bm/, and labial function /pa/ in 24 normal and dysarthric speakers were measured. Aerophone Ⅱ and Motor Speech Profile were used for data recording and analysis. The results of the findings were as follows: First, there were significant differences between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK rate. DDK rates in ataxic dysarthria were the lowest and spastic, flaccid, and hypokinetic dysarthria followed in sequence. Second, there was a significant difference between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK regularity. Third, there was a significant difference between dysarthria groups and normal group in DDK MFR. Finally, there was a significant difference between the 4 groups of dysarthria and the normal group in DDK air flow tracking. The results of this study can be guidelines for normal DDK rate, regularity and flow rate in dysarthria groups. In addition, their differential diagnoses and descriptions are important to make a decision on medical and behavioral management of the individuals with disorders according to DDK characteristics.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2003

Diadochokinetic (DDK) speech task has been utilized as an evaluating tool for speakers with dysarthria for many years. This study attempted to differently diagnose multiple system atrophy (MSA) from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) using patients' performance of DDK (i.e., alternate motion rate (AMR)). The subjects included 11 cases of pathologically confirmed MSA and 16 IPD patients who commonly presented with parkinsonian syndrome. The speech sample of each patient was analyzed acoustically using the MSPTM(Motor Speech Profile, a module of CSL). The results showed that the average DDK rate was significantly faster in the IPD than the MSA groups in all three syllables (i.e., /puh/, /tuh/. and /kuh/). We propose the average DDK rate variable as a core clinical trait in differentiating the two pathological conditions.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제58호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate diadochokinetic (DDK) characteristics in the subjects with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) by severity. DDK characteristics were measured through rate, regularity, accuracy and consistency in Alternate Motion rate (AMR) and Sequential Motion rate (SMR) tasks. The subjects participated in this study included 27 subjects with spastic CP (mild- 9, moderate- 9, severe- 9) and 9 normal persons who are around 11-20 years old. On the result of this study, rate in AMR was significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group, and rate in SMR was significant difference between normal and mild groups and moderate and severe groups. In regularity of the DDK tasks, severe group had significant difference the other groups. Finally, accuracy and consistency of the DDK tasks exhibited significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group. In conclusion, the subjects with spastic CP have a tendency to produce slow and irregular syllable repetition as severity increases, but to produce inaccurate and inconsistent syllable repetition regardless of severity in the DDK tasks.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2013

본 논문은 자연스럽고 빠르게 모델링했을 때 4~6세 37명이 산출한 조음교대운동(DDK) 결과를 통해 모음구조의 DDK도 임상적 가치가 있음을 확인했고, DDK속도와 함께 조음오류 빈도와 유형 및 규칙성도 분석해야 말장애 아동의 조음능력에 대한 더 정확한 정보를 얻을 수 있음을 제안하고 있다. 자모음(예: '퍼')과 모음(예: '아이')의 음운구조를 반복 산출한 자료에서 각 검사음을 반복한 횟수, 오류 빈도, 오류 유형 및 규칙성(DDKsdp)을 측정했다. 그 결과, 조음교대운동 평균 속도는 연령과 함께 증가했으나, 음운 구조나 연령에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. DDK 수행시 나타난 실수를 분석한 결과, 4세의 오류빈도는 5세 및 6세에 비해 유의하게 높았다. DDKsdp에서 표준화된 발음검사 점수와 연령에 따른 차이는 없었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Aging is related to anatomical and physiological changes in respiratory and phonation organs. These changes influence articulation which leads to inaccurate speech and slow articulatory diadochokinesis(DDK). DDK indicates the range, rate, regularity, accuracy, and agility of articulation that reflect motor speech function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rates and regularities of DDK in healthy Korean elderly through passive acoustic analysis (Praat). Thirty subjects between the ages of 65 and 94 participated in this study. Rate was observed for 5 seconds, while regularity was calculated based on the standard deviation on the following: 1) syllable duration of each task; 2) gap duration between syllables. Then, simple regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the effect of age on performance. The result showed that the slow rate was not a significant factor in terms of advancing age. Furthermore, regularity indicated a significant difference in the following: 1) /pʌ/, /kʌ/ and /pʌtʌkʌ/ in syllable duration; 2) /kʌ/ duration in the gap between syllables. In conclusion, articulatory coordination is reduced with the onset of aging. In particular, /kʌ/ would be a sensitive task for articulatory coordination.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3149-3155
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• 2011

본 논문의 목적은 학령전기 정상발달 아동을 대상으로 연령대 증가에 따른 조음 교대운동속도 차이의 경향을 알아보는 데 있다. 조사대상은 생활연령이 4세에서 6세 사이에 해당하는 총 12명의 아동이었고 샘플링 기간은 5월 첫 주, 일주일동안 이었다. 조음교대운동 속도 측정에 사용한 검사 음의 구성은 모음 구조에서 /ai/, /ɔi/, /ɑɔi/ 이며, 자모음 구조에서는 /pʰə/, /tʰə/, /kʰə/, /pʰətʰə/, /tʰəkʰə?/, /pʰətʰəkʰə/이다. 속도 측정은 연령대별로 초당 각 검사음을 반복한 횟수를 기준으로 하였고, PC-quirer의 음성파형을 통해 측정하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 증가할수록 조음교대운동 속도가 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모음과 자모음 구조의 음성 특성에 따라 조음교대운동 속도에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 연령대 증가에 따른 자음의 구조에서의 조음 교대운동 속도 증가 기울기 변화가 모음구조와 유사하게 나타났다. 셋째, DDK 과업수행에서 나타난 아동들의 반응태도를 분석한 결과 3세 연령에서 DDK 수행시 조음오류 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 4세에서 6세 사이에서 나타난 조음오류빈도수는 다양하였다. 이 연구결과는 자음뿐만 아니라 모음구조의 교대운동과업이 임상적인 평가로써 가치가 있음을 시사하며, 더불어 DDK 속도 평가뿐만 아니라 DDK 수행시 조음오류에 대한 빈도수와 조음유창성이 동시적으로 평가되어야 보다 신뢰롭게 정보를 얻을 수 있음을 제안하고 있다.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.171-188
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• 2008

This study was purposed to introduce Korean Oro-motor Mechanism Screening Examination (KOMSE) and to provide the standardized scores taken from 120 normal adults aged $18{\sim}59$. KOMSE was composed of 13 items of structure, 17 items of function, 3 items of voice, and 14 items of regularity and accuracy of articulation during diadochokinesis. Additionally, maximum phonation time and diadochokinetic rates were measured. Total score of KOMSE is ranged from 0 to 200. It was significantly higher in the $50{\sim}59$ age group than in the $20{\sim}29$ age group, but was not significantly different in sex. MPT had a significant difference in sex, but no significant difference among different age groups. The rate of DDK was also had no significant difference among different age groups. However, some reducing trend in the rate of DDK was observed as age increased. KOMSE would be very helpful for SLPs to screen the abnormality of oro-motor mechanism.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.