• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2005

The dietary effect of water extracts of Liriopis tuber(WELT) in the diabetic SD-rats on the level of blood sugar and serum cholesterol was investigated. The experimental plots divided into normal group(N), diabetic control(DC), 5% WELT-group(WELT-I) and 10% WELT-group (WELT-II). Each group was fed for 6 weeks, then continuously fed for 1 more week after streptozotocin injection. The loss of the body weight fed for one week after induction of the diabetes was 2.2～6.3% in the WELT-I and -II groups, but it was 18.6% in the DC-group. There was no significant difference in the feed intakes after diabetes induction between N-group and WELT-group, while it was significantly increased in DC-group. The feed efficiency ratios before diabetes induction were 1.70 in WELT-I group, 1.53～1.59 in the N, DC and WELT-II group, while the ratios after diabetes induction were 0.92 in DC-group, 1.51～1.83 in the N, WELT-I and -II group. While the amounts of water intakes for one week after diabetes induction was 625.4 mL in the DC-group, and it were 364.3～371.1 mL in the WELT-groups showing no significant difference with N-group. The excretion amounts of urine were 431.96 mL in DC-group for one week after diabetes induction, and it was 182～192.84 mL in WELT-groups. The ratios of liver weight against body weight were 2.74% in N-group, 2.93～2.96% in WELT-groups, but it was 4.01% in DC-group. The level of blood glucose in WELT-groups fed for one week after diabetes induction were 136.8～138.6 mg/dL showing no significant difference with N-group, but it was 357.8 mg/dL in DC-group. The level of serum triacylglycerol and serum total cholesterol were 93.8 and 68.7 mg/dL in N-group, 120.1 and 101.6 mg/dL in DC-group, 97.4～100.6 and 60.8～67.7 mg/dL in WELT-groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between N-group and WELT-groups. HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were 0.63 in N-group, 0.57～0.67 in WELT -groups, which was significantly higher than that of DC-group(p<0.05). Atherogenic index were 0.58 in N-group, 0.49～0.74 in WELT-groups, but it was 1.32 in DC-group. The above results suggest that the WELT diets may have both preventive and curing effects against the diabetes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1305-1311
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• 2008

This study investigated that the antidiabetic effects of banaba extracts with variety solvents selectivity in vitro and in vivo. Banaba extracts were prepared with water, 70% ethanol, 90% ethanol, 100% ethanol and water-ethanol that of extract twice times sequentially water and ethanol. Cell toxicity and insulin secretion of banaba extracts was tested by MTT (3-[4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on hamster insulinoma cell line, HIT-T15. Also we tested that insulin, body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Water-ethanol extract has remarkable antidiabetic effect compare with the other banaba extracts. For water-ethanol extract has both of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antidiabetic materials from banaba. Expecially, corosolic acid, as known as unique polyphenol, has antidiabetic effect studied by many researchers till nowadays. But corosolic acid does not solve in water. Otherwise, we suggest that banaba extract of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials (polyphenol and antioxidants) mixture more increased antidiabetic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.951-957
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• 2004

Hypoglycemic effect of Prunus mume (PM) extract containing in Sangjinyangheul-tang and Hwangkeumtang, one of the diabetic herbal medicines, was determined by investigating insulin-like action, insulin sensitizing action and a-glucoamylase suppressing action. Insulin-like activity of 3T3-L1 fibroblast was not shown with the treatment of PM methanol extracts. However, treatment with 20% or 40% PM methanol extracts and differentiation inducers significantly decreased the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. A significant insulin sensitizing activity was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, giving PM extracts (60%, 80% and 100%) with 1 ng/mL insulin to reach glucose uptake level increased by 50 ng/mL of insulin alone. In addition, 20% and 40% methanol extracts of PM suppressed the a-glucoamylase activity by 30% in vitro. However, there was no significant differences in the peak of serum glucose levels and area under the curve in Sprague Dawley male rats treated with PM ethanol extract or cellulose and 2 g maltose or dextrin/kg body weight. These data suggested that PM extracts contain effective insulin sensitizing compounds, lipid synthesis suppressing compounds and possibly a-glucoamylase suppressing compounds. Therefore, PM extracts are beneficial for anti-diabetic treatment in obese diabetic patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.427-438
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• 2022

Pyroptosis, a form of cell death associated with inflammation, is known to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discoid domain receptor 1 (DDR1), an inflammatory regulatory protein, is reported to be associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying DDR1 regulation and pyroptosis in DN remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of DDR1 on renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis and the mechanism underlying DN. In this study, we used high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells and rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as DN models. Subsequently, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interleukin-18 [IL-18]), DDR1, phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were determined through Western blotting. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using ELISA. The rate of pyroptosis was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The results revealed upregulated expression of pyroptosisrelated proteins and increased concentration of IL-1β and IL-18, accompanied by DDR1, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 upregulation in DN rat kidney tissues and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, DDR1 knockdown in the background of HG treatment resulted in inhibited expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and attenuation of IL-1β and IL-18 production and PI-positive cell frequency via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in HK-2 cells. However, NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of DDR1 knockdown on pyroptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DDR1 may be associated with pyroptosis, and DDR1 knockdown inhibited HG-induced renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. The NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is probably involved in the underlying mechanism of these findings.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2006

Background: An acute lung injury(ALI) is characterized by the recruitment, activation, and apoptosis of inflammatory cells, numerous products released by inflammatory cells such as reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, and a variety of proteolytic enzymes. It was reported that bacterial infections in diabetics showed impaired PMN functions such as reduced PMN respiratory burst and decreased microbicidal activity in inflamed tissue. However, the effect of the proteinase - inhibitor (MMP-9 vs TIMP-1) in ALI in diabetics is unclear. This study evaluated the differences in the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 after the stimulation of endotoxin in a rat model. Methods: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into normal, DM, LPS and DM+LPS groups. The peripheral blood, BAL fluids, and lung tissues were obtained from individual rats. The MMP-9 activity was measured by gelatin zymography and the TIMP-1 level was measured by Western blotting. Results: The total BAL cells of the DM-LPS groups were significantly lower than the LPS groups (p < 0.01). The MMP-9 activities in the serum were higher in the DM+LPS groups than in the other groups. The MMP-9 activities in the BAL fluids were significantly higher in the DM+LPS group than in the normal and diabetic rats (p < 0.05). TIMP-1 expressions in the BAL fluids were significantly lower in the DM+LPS group than other groups (p < 0.05). The ratio between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the BAL fluids was significantly higher in the DM+LPS groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In ALI in diabetics the higher MMP-9 activity and lower TIMP-1 level are believed to prolonged and intensify the course of inflammation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2005

Pinitol and chiro-inositol exert insulin-like effect by mediating post-receptor signaling pathway. Total chiro-inositol concentrations, including pinitol, chiro-inositol, and their derivatives, were determined in 115 natural and food materials to identify economical sources for mass production of pinitol. Carob pod, Bougainvillea, soy whey, and soybean oligosaccharides were rich sources of chiro-inositol. Pinitol was isolated from soy whey and carob pod, considered as economically viable sources, by chromatographic separation using activated carbon. Soy and carob pinitols had same chemical structure as that of reference pinitol based on HPLC and NMR results. Oral administration of soy pinitol and carob pinitol (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased blood glucose at 2-6 hr in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest pinitol isolated from soy whey and carob pod could be beneficial in controlling blood glucose in animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

Investigation of M. peregrina aerial parts revealed the isolation and identification of 4-flavonoidal compounds, quercetin, quercetin-3-0-rutinoside (rutin), chrysoeriol-7-0-rhamnoside 6,8,3',5'-tetramethoxy apigenin. The compounds were identified by TLC, PC, MS, and $H^1-NMR$. The fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter were studied. The $LD_{50}$ for M. peregrina was 113.4 mg/100g b.wt. Repeated intraperitoneal injection of 1/20 and 1/10 $LD_{50}$ (5.67 mg and 11.34 mg/100g b.wt.) of defatted alcoholic of M. peregrina for 30 days induced significant decrease in serum glucose, liver enzymes and lipid components. M. peregrina administered i.p., 30min prior to carrageenan at the above doses significantly inhibited the rat paw oedema response, In acute pain models, namely, the acetic acid-induced writing and hot-plate assay, M. peregrina exhibited marked analgesic properties. In addition, M. peregrina administered at time of indomethacin injection inhibited the development of gastric lesions in rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2017

Objective: This study reviewed experimental studies on the effects of Korean medical treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM). Method: We reviewed 24 studies about DM that had been published since 2013. We searched the Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) database with the keyword '당뇨', '消渴', 'Diabetes'. Results: 1. The studies used various Korean medicine treatments; 15 used single medicinal herbs, 6 used herbal complexes, and 2 used acupuncture. 2. The measurement parameters used in the studies included blood glucose, body weight, histochemical change, lipid parameters, and food/water intake. Anti-diabetic effects were demonstrated in most of the studies. 3. The experimental animals used were rats or mice. There were 15 type 1 diabetes models, 7 type 2 diabetes models, and one normal model. Among them, 13 cases of chemical diabetes induced by Streptozotosin (STZ, type 1 diabetes inducer) were the most common. Conclusion: Further articles on Korean medical treatment of DM should be studied.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus(NRN) on production levels of Blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Levels. Methods : This study is about changes of blood glucose levels, body weights, levels of food and water uptake, levels of total cholesterol in the body, triglyceride, Creatinine, and BUN production by NRN extract. Results : Treatment with NRN regulated blood glucose levels effectively, but treatment with NRN did not affect body weights, food and water uptake. In addition, treating with NRN also lowered levels of total cholesterol, which is important for diabetes, and also lowered levels of triglyceride, too. Serum Creatinine levels were not affected, but serum BUN levels were lowered by treating with NRN, which were elevated in diabetes. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that NRN is effective to treat DM level and also has anti-hyperlipidemic effect.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2010

Background : At high glucose levels in $\beta$-cells, cell viability and insulin secretion are decreased by glucotoxicity. Sopyung-tang(SPT) had an effect on blood glucose level decrease and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Objectives : This study performed a series of experiment to verify the effects of SPT extract on the cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities, insulin secretion and insulin mRNA expression at hyperglycemic states of RIN-m5F. Methods : After treatment at various concentrations of SPT added to the RIN-m5F cells, cell viability by MTT assay, free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity and insulin secretion were measured. Additionally, insulin-related gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results : Compared to the control group, SPT extract showed considerable effects on RIN-m5F cell viability, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Conclusions : This study showed that SPT extract has an effect on $\beta$-cell cell viability, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Thus, SPT extract may be used for treatment of diabetes and its complications. Further mechanism studies of SPT seem to be necessary on the glucotoxicity and oxidative stress.