• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1025-1036
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of gypsum, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods : We established three groups, normal, control, and gypsum, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed normal saline. The control & gypsum groups were administered streptozotocin(STZ) to induce diabetes. Gypsum extract was orally administered to the gypsum group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex. renal transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) expression, macrophage/monocyte antigen (ED-1), and type IV collagen expression were studied. Results : The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The construction change in the kidneys of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The factor of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. which induced the structural change in the kidneys. Conclusions : The above results suggest that gypsum partially improved kidney function.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.631-649
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• 2010

Objective : The object of this study was to observe the effects of aqueous extracts of Chunglijagam-tang(CLJGT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating various diseases, on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced rat diabetes and related complications: diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy and hyperlipemia. Methods : CLJGT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days at a dosage 50, 100 and 200mg/kg from 21 days after STZ treatment, and the changes on body weights, blood glucose levels, kidney and liver weights, serum BUN(blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, AST(aspartate transaminase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), HDL(high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed with pancreatic malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) contents. The results were compared with silymarin 100mg/kg. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, kidney and liver weights, serum BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic malondialdehyde contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic glutathione contents were detected in CLJGT extracts 50, 100 and 200mg/kg administered groups as compared to the STZ control group. Conclusion : CLJGT extracts showed favorable effects on the STZ-induced diabetes and related complications mediated by their antioxidant effects as similar to silymarin. Therefore, it is expected that DBEH has potential for use in the management of diabetes and various diabetic complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.403-412
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. (glasswort: GW) on the lipid peroxidation and mineral levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 recommended diet and the experimental groups were fed a modified diet containing 10% and 20% of glasswort powder for 4 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups which consisted of normal (N)-control group, N-GW 10% and N-GW 20% treated groups, STZ-control, STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% treated groups. The rats' liver and muscle glycogen, liver and kidney protein, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney values were measured, along with the hepatic of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) content. The liver glycogen levels was significantly affected in N-GW 20% group among all the experimental groups. The liver MDA levels of the STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% groups were significantly lower than for the STZ-control group. There were significant differences between the N-control group and the STZ-control group in the hepatic of Zn levels. The hepatic of Cr levels in the N-GW 20% and STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% groups were significanly higher than for the each control groups. These results exhibited dose related effect of glasswort and it may have favorable influence on lipid peroxidation in the liver.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

Objective ; In order to study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus(AS) aqua-acupuncture manufactured with water soluble fraction and ether soluble fraction on the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Methods ; The fractions of AS aqua-acupuncture were carried out on corresponding bilateral loci of Bisu(BL20) everyday for 4 weeks. The experimental animals were divided into control group and AS groups(AS water fraction group and AS ether fraction group). Thereafter the levels of serum glucose, total choleterol, HDL, triglyceride, AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, urinary albumin excretion, index of kidney hypertrophy, heart rate, mean blood pressure and fibronectin in glomeruli and tubular cells were measured. Results ; The increased serum total cholestrol, triglyceride levels, HDL and urinary albumin excretion, the index of kidney hypertrophy, the mean blood pressure and the amount of fibronectin in glomeruli and tubular cells were significantly decreased in the AS groups, showing more significant decrease in the AS water fraction group as compared with the control group. In the serum ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN levels, there were no significant changes in the AS groups as compared with the control group. Conclusion ; According to the above results, it reveals that Acanthopanax senticosus water soluble and ether soluble fraction have the antidiabetic effect, the antilipidemic effect and the inhibitory effect of renal damage. Also, the results showed that Acanthopanax senticosus water soluble fraction is more effective than ether soluble fraction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucan purified from oats (OG) and bitter melon, Momordica charantia Linn (MC), water extracts have shown favorable effects on diabetes and its complications. We investigated to find out the optimal composition showing hypoglycemic and antidiabetic complication effects in variable compositions (OG:MC = 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1). Extracts were administered orally once a day for 28 days following 7 days post streptozotocin (STZ) dosing. Five rats per group (total 15 groups; Intact, STZ, OG, MC, and the variable composition groups) were selected according to the blood glucose and body weight at 6 days after STZ dosing. After 28 days of extracts dosing, the changes on the body weight, liver and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total-cholesterol levels were observed. As the result of STZ-induced diabetes, decreases of body weight, increases of the liver and kidney weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, and total-cholesterol levels in STZ control were detected compared with intact control. However, these changes of hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, and hyperlipemia were dramatically decreased in the OG and MC single-dosing group, and all composition groups. In addition, there were more favorable effects in all composition groups compared with the OG and MC single-dosing groups. Among variable compositions, the OG:MC 1:2 mixed group showed the most synergic effects in this study.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.347-368
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Okchunsan (Sample A), Gamiokchunsan (Sample B) and Spinacia oleracea L. (semen: Sample C) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the experimal study was performed on the levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), electrolytes $(Na^+,\;Ka^+,\;Cl^-)$, GOT and GPT in serum, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urine volume, glucose and protein in urine, body weight, liver and kidney weight. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Serum glucose levels were significantly decreased in Sample A. B and C group and serum insulin levels were increaseclin Sample A and B group. 2. Serum total cholesterol levels were recovered as the normal value in Sample A, B and C group and serum triglyceride levels were decreased in Sample A and C group. 3. Serum total protein levels were increased in Sample C group, BUN levels were decreased in Sample A and C group. 4. Serum $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ levels were increased, $K^+$ levels were decreased in Sample A, B and C group. 5. Serum GOT and GPT levels were remarkedly decreased in Sample A, B and C group. 6. Urine volume, urine glucose and protein levels were decreased in Sample A, B and C levles. 7. Body Weight showed a tendancy of increasing in Sample A, B and C group. 8. Levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin, nematocrit, liver and Kidney weight were not significantly changed. According to above results, Okchunsan, Gamiokchunsan and spinacia oleracea L. (Semen) were expected to be applied to the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal mixed extract with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen in order to strengthen anti-diabetic effects on the hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin in mice. The original Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen filtered and refined. The effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were administered to mice for 4weeks and its anti-diabetic effect examined. Mice used in this experiment were divided into three groups and saline(control), Bamboo Juice mixed with refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(BJ＋BCL.D) and distrilled water mixed with refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(DW＋BCL.D) were given orally for 28days respectively. And then, experemental groups were observed in terms of blood sugar, creatinine, BUN and GPT. The amount of glucose was significantly decreased in the Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen-treated groups compared with the control group(P<0.01). The amount of creatinine, BUN and GPT did not show any differences among Control, BJ＋BCL.D and DW＋BCL.D groups. In conclusion. it was found that Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were nontoxic to kidney and liver and also effective on murine hyperglycemia induced with STZ. Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) were more effective for decreasing blood glucose than Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen D. BJ＋BCL.D can be used as optimal mix material with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen D for control Diabetes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1997

In humans and many animal models with chronic progressive renal diseases, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor markedly attenuates the progression of nephropathy. Several studies have reported augmented gene expression and redistribution of renal renin in partial nephrectomized rats. Although precise mechanism(s) is not known, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may play an important role in the progression of renal diseases. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the gene expression of renal renin, angiotensinogen, and $AT_1$ subtypes ($AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$) in rats with diabetic nephropathy, and the influences of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septicemia on the gene expression. Four weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment (55 mg/kg, i.p.), rats were randomly divided into LPS-treated (1.6 mg/kg, i.p.) and control rats. At 6 hours after LPS treatment, the rats were killed and the kidney was removed from each rat. Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)techniques were used to detect mRNA expression. STZ treatment markedly attenuated body weight gain and significantly increased blood glucose level. Renal renin content (RRC) was significantly decreased in the STZ-treated rats compared to that in control rats. The renal ACE activity between STZ-treated and control rats was not significantly different. Renal renin mRNA level was prominently increased, while angiotensinogen and $AT_{1A}$ mRNA levels were slightly decreased in STZ-treated rats compared to those in controls. $AT_1$B mRNA level did not differ in both groups. Acute LPS treatment did not show any significant changes of mRNA levels of intrarenal RAS components in both groups. These results suggest that intrarenal RAS components were differentially regulated in STZ-treated diabetic rats. Further studies are required to evaluate the relationship between intrarenal RAS and other vasomodulatory systems.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.539-544
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• 2005

We have studied the effects of red wine on brain oxidative stress and nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with a single intraperitonally injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Two weeks before and four weeks after injection, red wine was given orally in both normal and diabetic rats. Blood samples were taken from the neck vascular trunk in order to determine the glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic index (AI), total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, insulin, lipid peroxidation products, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. As well, we estimated the lipid peroxidtion, GSH and SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities in brain and renal homogenates, and the excretion of albumin, proteins and glucose in urine over 24 h period. The administration of STZ caused significant increases in levels of glycosuria, proteinuria, albuminuria, glycemia, total cholesterol and AI, as well as in lipid peroxidation products in the brain, plasma and kidney, whereas it decreased the GSH content and SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities. Treatment with red wine significantly prevented the changes induced by STZ. These data suggested that red wine has a protective effect against brain oxidative stress, diabetic nephropathy and diabetes induced by STZ, as well as it protects against hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic risk.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1996

Hypoglycemic effect of Tabebuia avellandae was investigated in the streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v.). Rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups: normal, STZ-control, hexane fr., CHCl$_3$fr., BuOH fr. and $H_2O$ fr. group. Normal and STZ-control rats received 3% Tween 80 only. Four groups of diabetic rats were administered orally at doses of 100, 400, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day of hexane, CHC1$_3$, BuOH and $H_2O$ fr. respectively. Fractions were administered orally to the rats for 7 days after STZ injection. All rats were anesthetized with ether, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for clinical chemistry and the rats were killed by exsanguination. Liver, kidney, heart and spleen were removed, weighed and analyzed. We measured glucose, protein, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma and glycogen, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver. The extent of blood glucose decrement in rats administered $H_2O$ fraction was greater than that in the STZ-control rats. The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lowered by administration of $H_2O$ fraction compared with those of STZ-control group. Treatment of rats with Tabebuia avellandae fractions caused decreases in STZ-induced elevation of cholesterol and triglyceride. Liver triglyceride level was significantly lowered hexane and BuOH fraction group compared with STZ-control group. These results suggest that $H_2O$ fraction of Tabebuia avellandae has the hypoglycemic action against STZ-induced diabetic rats.