• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2009

It bas been hypothesized that foot ulceration might be internally initiated. Current instruments which merely allow superficial estimate of plantar loading acting on the foot, severely limit the scope of many biomechanical/clinical studies on this issue. Recent studies have suggested that peak plantar pressure may be only 65% specific for the development of ulceration. These limitations are at least partially due to surface pressures not being representative of the complex mechanical stress developed inside the subcutaneous plantar soft-tissue, which are potentially more relevant for tissue breakdown. This study established a three-dimensional and nonlinear finite element model of a human foot complex with comprehensive skeletal and soft-tissue components capable of predicting both the external and internal stresses and deformations of the foot. The model was validated by experimental data of subject-specific plantar foot pressure measures. The stress analysis indicated the internal stresses doses were site-dependent and the observation found a change between 1.5 to 4.5 times the external stresses on the foot plantar surface. The results yielded insights into the internal loading conditions of the plantar soft-tissue, which is important in enhancing our knowledge on the causes of foot ulceration and related stress-induced tissue breakdown in diabetic foot.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop guidelines regarding initial choice of antibiotics for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) by investigating bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: This study included 223 DFU patients that visited a single tertiary hospital and underwent bacterial culture between January 2016 and February 2020. The study was conducted in two parts: 1) to compare bacterial isolates and wound healing according to comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), and 2) to compare bacterial isolates according to wound depth using the Wagner classification. Results: Of the 223 patients, 43 had CKD (group A), 56 had PAD (group B), 30 had CKD and PAD (group C), and 94 had none of these comorbidities (group D). The isolation rate for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MRGNB) and gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria ratio were highest in group C (p=0.018, p=0.038), and the proportion that achieved wound healing was lowest in group C (p<0.001). In the second part of the study, subjects were classified into 5 grades by wound depth using the Wagner classification; 13 grade I, 62 grade II, 60 grade III, 70 grade IV, and 17 grade V. No significant difference was observed between these grades in terms of isolation rates or gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria ratios. Conclusion: This study suggests antibiotics that cover gram-negative bacteria including MRGNB produces better results in the presence of CKD and PAD and that initial antibiotic choice should be based on the presence of CKD and PAD rather than wound depth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2008

Purpose: Oncostatin M(OSM) has been known as a role in fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects of various organs and tissues. Although there have been a number of studies which are focused on the roles and mechanisms of OSM, there are few reports on its effects in chronic wound healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of OSM in wound healing activities of dermal fibroblasts of chronic wound in vitro. In particular, this study is focused on cell proliferation and synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycan(GAG), which are the major components of the extracellular matrices, of diabetic fibroblasts. Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from excess skin that was obtained from diabetic foot ulcer patients who underwent debridement. The isolated fibroblasts were cultivated in presence of OSM(100 ng/mL). Cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and GAG levels were compared. Results: All the components tested in this study increased in OSM treatment group. In particular, collagen and GAG synthesis demonstrated statistically significant increases(p<0.05 in the Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusion: These results indicate that OSM increases wound healing activities of dermal fibroblasts of chronic wound in vitro.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder which affects millions of population worldwide. Global estimates published in 2010 reported the world diabetic prevalence as 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults. Foot ulceration and wound infection are major forms of disabilities arising from diabetic diseases. This study was aimed to develop a natural antimicrobial finishing on medical grade textile that meets American Association of Textiles Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standard. The textile samples were finished with the ethanolic extract of Penicillium amestolkiae elv609, an endophytic fungus isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (common name: cat's whiskers). Endophyte is defined as microorganism that reside in the living plant tissue, without causing apparent disease symptom to the host. The antimicrobial efficacy of the ethanolic extract of P. minioluteum was tested on clinical pathogens isolated from diabetic wound. The extract exhibited significant inhibitory activity against 4 bacteria and 1 yeast with the minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. The results indicate different susceptibility levels of the test microorganism to the ethanolic extract. However, the killing activity of the extract was concentration-dependent. The finished medical textile showed excellent antimicrobial efficacy on AATCC test assays. All the microbial cultures treated with the textile sample displayed a growth reduction of 99.9% on Hoheinstein Challenge Test. The wash durability of the finished textile was found good even after 50 washes with commercial detergent. Besides, the gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that 6-octadecenoic acid and diethyl phthalate were the main bioactive constituents of the extract. In conclusion, the developed medical textile showed good antimicrobial efficacy on laboratory tests. This work can be extended to in vivo trials for developing healthcare textile products for antimicrobial applications.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.305-307
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• 2001

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to determine the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of combinations of Melastoma malabathricum leaf fraction with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin against pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) patients. Methods: We tested concentrations of 45%, 55%, 65%, and 75% of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin using dilution and agar diffusion methods. The combination of M. malabathricum leaf extract with these antibiotics was tested in vitro against all three bacteria. Results: The combination of M. malabathricum leaf extract and ciprofloxacin gave a FICI value of 0.5, indicating synergistic antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. Conclusion: The results show that the antibacterial effect of a combination of high doses of the leaf extract with either antibiotic is greater than that of the leaf extract and the antibiotics in single use.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the needs for hospital-based home care nursing medical services in elder care institutions by analyzing the details and frequency of medical services provided by, and the needs for, hospital based home care nursing in select institutions in Korea. Methods: Seventy-seven staffs at elderly care institutions located throughout the country completed self-report questionnaires between February 1 and May 31, 2009. SPSS ver. 14.0 was used for data analysis regarding frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results: Forty-eight hospital-based home care nursing medical services in eight domains were identified as being needed in elderly care institutions. The most commonly used medical services were providing instruction in oral drug administration, checking drug beneficial/adverse effects, and administering blood glucose test, while the most needed medical services requiring hospital based home care nursing were complex pressure ulcer care, followed by diabetic foot ulcer management and nutrient injection. Conclusion: The present results should provide fundamental data for better healthcare services with hospital based home care nursing at elderly care institutions as part of a 'win-win' strategy through which medical expenses are reduced, insurance costs are kept stable, and safe and high-quality medical services are provided for residents of elder care institutions. Political decisions intended to promote visits by hospital based home care nurses to elder care institutions would be a prudent course.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.291-295
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• 2012

We previously reported that Hydnocarpi Semen (HS) has a wound healing effect on diabetic foot ulcer lesion in mice. In this study, ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction from HS extract were evaluated for their wound healing activity by using in vitro acute inflammation model. GC and GC/MS analysis shows that the main constituents in EtOAc fraction are chaulmoogric acid, hydnocarpic acid, and gorlic acid. EtOAc fraction activated macrophages to increase the production of TNF-${\alpha}$. The fraction also increased the production of TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF, which induced fibroblast activation and angiogenesis. These results suggest that the mechanism that the fraction helps to enhance healing of skin wound is possibly associated with the production of TNF-${\alpha}$, as well as secretion of VEGF, TGF-${\beta}$ and HS may have a new bioactive material for the treatment of skin wound.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.564-571
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• 2018

Background Chronic wounds occur due to failure of the normal healing process, associated with a lack of deposition of cellular components and a suitable microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is viewed as an ECM substitute, and a paste-type ADM has recently been introduced. We hypothesized that CGPaste, an injectable paste-type ADM, could serve as a scaffold and promote wound healing. Methods We retrospectively studied seven patients in whom CGPaste was applied between 2017 and 2018, who had pressure ulcers, necrotizing fasciitis, diabetic foot ulcers, traumatic defects, and osteomyelitis. The goal of applying CGPaste was to achieve complete wound healing with re-epithelialization or growth of granulation tissue, depending upon the wound bed status. CGPaste was injected based on the wound size along with the application of a dressing. Results Four of the seven patients showed granulation tissue on their wound bed, while the other three patients had a bony wound bed. The mean wound area was $453.57mm^2$ and the depth was 10.71 mm. Wound healing occurred in five of the seven patients (71.43%). The mean duration of complete healing was 2.4 weeks. Two patients showed failure due to paste absorption (29.57%); these patients had wound beds comprising bone with relatively large and deep wounds ($40{\times}30$ and $30{\times}20mm^2$ in area and 15 and 10 mm in depth). Conclusions CGPaste is an effective option for coverage of small and deep chronic wounds for which a flap operation or skin grafting is unfeasible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3434-3443
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• 2009

This study was done to examine patients' wound care knowledge and concerns prior to discharge from a tertiary hospital. The participants in this descriptive survey were 112 patients having wounds. During interview, a structured self-administered questionnaire was filled out. The participants were 71 males and 41 females. Wound types were surgical incision (52.7%), percutaneous wound (26.8%), pressure ulcer (9.8%) and diabetic foot and arterial ulcers (5.4%). Their wound care knowledge was 52.0% of correct answer and the mean of concerns (range 1-7) was 2.79. There was no significant correlation between their knowledge and concerns of wound care. The factors influence on wound care concerns were fear of wound care, wound pain, length of hospital stays, and perceived health condition. This findings showed that discharge patients with a wound had some incorrect knowledge and various concerns about wound care. They may help to direct patient teaching in discharge plan.