• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical nurses' knowledge of DM and diabetes patient education aptitude so as to provide a basis for clinical nurse training with respect to diabetes patient education program. The data has been collected through the questionnaires of 42 items from the Knowledge on DM and each 16 item from the Importance on the elements of diabetes patient and the Recognition for clinical nurses, respectfully. 166 nurses from a general hospital who had participated in clinical nurse training in Sep. 28 and Oct. 4, 2001 were subject to respond the questionnaires. Analysis has been done by using statistical method such as percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The findings are as follows: 1. Clinical nurses' knowledge levels of diabetes 1) The average level of nurses' knowledge about diabetes is 29.37 (right answer- finding rate: 70%), which is intermediate. 2) Amongst the nurses classified by their knowledge levels about diabetes, the group with less than one year career and that with more than 5 year careers are found to have higher knowledge levels. The item with the highest right answer-finding rate was 'Please find the wrong out of the following examples about foot care'. Meanwhile, the item with highest incorrect answer-finding rate was 'what does blood sugar control aims for amongst gestational diabetes?'. 2. Clinical nurses' importance and perception levels of educational training about diabetes 1) There were no differences amongst nurses' importance level about diabetes. 2) Nurses usually had high scores(4.30) in terms of the items related to the importances about educational training. 3) There were quite high recognitions of general characteristics and symptoms about diabetes, amongst the nurse cohorts working more than one year and less than 5 years, and over 5 years, the group belonging to the internal department, that having the previous experiences of dealing with diabetes, and that having their diabetic relatives and other close people. Meanwhile, strangely, the group who identified themselves as 'not good at treating diabetes' had a high recognition level of educational training about diabetes. 3. Relationship between knowledge levels and importance & perception levels of diabetes 1) The higher knowledge about diabetes nurses had, the more importance they recognized. 2) It is found that there was no relationship between knowledge and perception of diabetes. 3) The more importance about diabetes nurses had, the higher perception they obtained. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for systematic educational programs about diabetes including technical aspects, in order to upgrade and improve nurses knowledge levels. In addition, re-educational training should be provided at regular intervals. Further, we believe the nurses with high knowledge about diabetes and interests in the provision of educations for patients can be far more confident, and in return, patients can have better self-management about diabetes obtained through educations. Based on the above-mentioned findings, we would like to make the suggestion: re-evaluation about nurses' knowledge and cognition levels should be carried out after job training programs about diabetes.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey was to investigate eating habits, life styles and nutritional care of diabetic outpatients and to provide basic data for developing individualized nutritional care and diabetic education programs. This survey was carried out by nutritional counseling with a questionnaire and checking medical record. Information about the general characteristics of the subjects, eating habits, health-related life styles and attitude and perception of subjects to diet therapy was gathered from 200 randomly-sampled diabetic outpatients at a University Hospital located in Inchon. All data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System(SAS) software. The results are summarized as follows : Female subjects were 63.5% of total subjects and 65.5% of total subjects were 50 years or more. The average Body Mas Index(BMI) of male and female subjects were 23.06kg/㎡ and 25.02kg/㎡ respectively and 44% of all subjects wee obese. Among subjects, type II diabetic patients were 81.0% and 82.5% of subjects had suffered from diabetes for more than one year. Also 41% subjects had diabetic history in their family. More than half of the subjects had nutrition education concerning diabetes. Also 75.5% of them thought that nutrition education was effective. The most important guideline in diet therapy was to eat cooked rice with dietary fiber-rich grains. Therefore, it might be necessary to develop nutrition education program adjusted according to diabetic patient's needs and life styles, which may increase feasibility of self-care and implementation of management guidelines.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.431-444
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to properly manage diseases such as blood sugar control so that patients with diabetes can benefit from both medication and health activities. Also, these health practices are greatly influenced by self-rated health, a subjective assessment of health status. Because self-rated health does not necessarily match the objective health status, it is important to identify which factors affect self-rated health. Methods: For the study, the data was gathered from the 4th-6th National Health Nutrition Survey (2007-2015). Out of the total 73,353 participants in the survey, 2,303 patients with uncontrolled blood sugar with an HbA1c level of more than 7% were selected for the final study. Dependent variables fell into two categories depending on how the participant reported whether he or she was in good health or not. Independent variables included socio-demographics, health behavioral, and health status factors. This study performed logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 2,303 participants, 18.1% reported that their heath was 'good,' despite the fact that their blood sugar level was not controlled. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of groups that perceive subjective health awareness as good was higher in the groups of people as below: in the people over 60 years old; in the people who graduated from a junior college or higher than those who had a level of education of primary school completion or less; in the people living in Chungnam than those living in Seoul; and in the group with hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The study identified factors associated with those failed to perceive the blood sugar level as a severe health problem despite of the fact that blood sugar was not controlled. To improve public health, diabetes management policies need to be addressed to population groups with these problems above.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Metabolic risk factors should be managed effectively in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to prevent or delay diabetic complications. This study aimed to compare the self-management levels of diet and metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM, according to the duration of illness, and to examine the trends in self-management levels during the recent decades. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES, 1998-2014). In our analysis, 4,148 patients with T2DM, aged ${\geq}30years$, were categorized according to the duration of their illness (< 5 years, 5-9 years, and ${\geq}10years$). Demographic and lifestyle information was assessed through self-administered questionnaires, and biomarker levels (e.g., fasting glucose level, blood pressure, or lipid level) were obtained from a health examination. Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-recall, and adherence level to dietary guidelines (meal patterns and intake levels of calories, carbohydrates, vegetable/seaweed, sodium, and alcohol) were assessed. Multivariable generalized linear regression and unconditional logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence rates of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension according to the duration of patients' illness, accounting for the complex survey design of the KNHANES. RESULTS: In the multivariable adjusted models, patients with a longer duration (${\geq}10years$) of T2DM had a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia than those with a shorter duration of T2DM (< 5 years) (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.61-3.01, P for trend < 0.001). We did not observe any associations of disease duration with the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. In addition, the adherence levels to dietary recommendations did not significantly differ according to disease duration, except adherence to moderate alcohol consumption. There were significant decreasing trends in the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with a duration of illness ${\geq}10years$ (P for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Although the proportion of patients with adequate control of glucose levels has improved in recent decades, poorer self-management has been found in those with a longer disease duration. These findings suggest the need for well-planned and individualized patient education programs to improve self-management levels and quality of life by preventing or delaying diabetic complications.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2017

본 연구는 노인 당뇨환자를 위한 교육용 기능성 게임 콘텐츠(롤리폴리 160)를 개발하고 적용가능성을 평가하기 위한 예비연구이다. 롤리폴리 160은 문헌고찰, 요구도 조사 및 자문의뢰, 게임을 활용한 기능성 콘텐츠 추출, 롤리폴리 160 개발, 사용자 사전 만족도 조사, 보건교육자 대상 워크샵, 롤리폴리 160 수정, 롤리폴리 160 사용자 만족도 조사와 같은 8단계 연구절차를 걸쳐서 개발되었다. 롤리폴리 160은 노인 당뇨환자가 자가관리를 할 수 있는 3가지 모듈(식사자가관리, 카드게임, 퀴즈게임)로 직관적으로 구성되었으며, 6가지 원칙에 입각하여 설계되었다. 첫째, 사용자의 연령을 고려한 직관적인 인터페이스를 구축하였다. 둘째, 음식은 한국인이 주로 섭취하는 음식위주로 배열하고 음식선택시 칼로리 학습이 동시에 이루어지도록 하였다. 셋째, 사용자 선택한 음식의 칼로리와 영양소(탄수화물, 지방, 단백질, 칼슘, 나트륨)가 분석되고, 문진표에 기록한 모든 검사자료는 년, 월, 주 별로 그래프로 도식화하여 변화추이가 한눈에 파악되도록 설계하였다. 넷째, 필요한 자료는 저장하여 출력하여 교육 자료로 활용 가능하도록 하였다. 다섯째, 사용자의 자료는 호환 및 합산이 가능하며 1억 명까지 회원가입이 가능하도록 하였다. 여섯째, 필요 시 모바일 App으로 개발이 가능하도록 설계하였다. 롤리폴리 160을 활용하여 119명의 노인 당뇨환자에게 당뇨교육을 실시한 후 만족도 점수는 5점 만점 중 4.26점으로 나타났다. 이는 롤리폴리 160이 당뇨환자 자가간호 도구로 적절하며, 향후 보건소나 병 의원에서 당뇨환자를 교육하는 프로그램으로 활용가능성이 있음을 시사해준다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diabetes education on diabetic management by determining the changes of the knowledge and practice for diet therapy and blood glucose level pre-training and post-training. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows : The average age of the subjects was 52.8 years old, the period of suffering from diabetes was 7.9 years and 31% of the patients had a history of diabetes in their family members. In life style for self-management, they showed lower levels in drinking post-training, and significantly higher exercise levels post-training (P<0.05). Regarding the level of knowledge for diet, they showed significantly higher levels post-training in eight items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.005), principle of diet therapy (p<0.005), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.005), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.005), calorie prescribed to themselves (p<0.001), exchange units prescribed to themselves (p<0.005), exchange food items and exchanges units of cereal & grains (p<0.005) and exchange food items and exchanges units of fruit & juices (p<0.005). Regarding the practices of diet, they showed significantly higher levels of practice in keeping permitted meal size (p<0.005), using food exchange list (p<0.005), keeping exact meal times (p<0.001) and restricting most foods to eat (P<0.01) post-training. When measuring their bodies, average weight was lower post-training. Obesity was significantly lower post-training (p<0.01), and blood pressure both in systolic and diastolic was lower. Postcardinal-2hour blood glucose level decreased significantly from 268.4$\pm$98.9 pre-training to 180.9$\pm$48.4 post-training (p<0.001).

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

Background : Diabetes mellitus is chronic condition which needs patients' understanding of disease status and effort for disease control. We investigated whether the patients' estimation for blood glucose control was reliable or not comparing with their HbA1C value, Method: Among people who visited one health promotion center in Seoul from 1995 to 2003,those who answered as having diabetes mellitus on self reported questionnaire were identified. Subsequent question was whether his or her diabetes was well controlled or not. We compared these replies with their HbA1C values. When their HbA1C values were below7% with answering not well controlled, we analyzed if there was any variable which can predict the discrepancy. And the same analyze we did for the opposite situation. Result: A total of 1193 patients were eligible. Those who answered as well controlled formed32.9% of the group with HbA1C values above 7%. In the cases with well controlled though significantly associated with this discrepancy, Conclusion: Considerable proportion of diabetic patients' estimation for diabetic control status was not matched with glycemic control guideline. For successful management of diabetes mellitus, more efforts for patient education and communication skills are essential.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2014

당뇨병은 급성합병증을 예방하고 장기간의 합병증의 위험도를 감소하기 위하여 지속적인 치료와 환자 자가 관리 교육이 필요한 만성질환이다. 또한 전 세계적으로 당뇨병에 대한 유병률과 사망률이 대부분의 인구집단에서 역학적 비율에 도달하였다. 많은 연구에서 당뇨병에 대한 조기진단은 적절한 치료와 생활습관을 지키는 관리를 통하여 발병을 예방하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 이를 통하여 당뇨병의 합병증을 감소시키고 생존률을 향상시킬 수 있다고 보고하고 있다. 본 연구는 PIMA Indians 당뇨 데이터에 대하여 mixture of expert 모형을 적용하여 당뇨유병환자의 여부를 분류하고, 이를 로지스틱 회귀분석, 신경망분석의 성능과 비교함으로서 그 유용성을 주장하고자 하였다. 연구결과 정확도 및 ROC 곡선, c-통계량에서 ME 모형이 다른 분류도구들에 비해서 높게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine self-management status, nutritional knowledge, barrier factors in dietary management and needs of nutritional management program for women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 100 women with GDM were recruited from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Seoul. The questionnaire composed of general characteristics, status of self-management, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, barrier factors in dietary management, needs for nutrition information contents and nutritional management programs. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. All data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test and chi-square test using SAS 9.3. Results: About 35% of the subjects reported that they practiced medical nutrition and exercise therapy for GDM control. The main sources of nutrition information were 'internet (50.0%)' and 'expert advice (45.0%)'. More than 70% of the subjects experienced nutrition education. The mean score of nutrition knowledge was 7.5 point out of 10, and only about half of the subjects were reported to be correctly aware of some questions such as 'the cause of ketosis', 'the goal of nutrition management for GDM', 'the importance of sugar restriction on breakfast'. The major obstructive factors in dietary management were 'eating more than planned when dining out', 'finding the appropriate menu when dining out'. The preferred nutrition information contents in developing management program were 'nutritional information of food', 'recommended food by major nutrients', 'the relationship between blood glucose and food', 'tips on menu selection at eating out'. The subjects reported that they need management program such as 'example of menu by calorie prescription', 'recommended weight gain guide', 'meal recording and dietary assessment', 'expert recommendation', 'sharing know-how'. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a program that provide personalized information by identifying the individual characteristics of the subjects and expert feedback function through various information and nutrition information contents that can be used in real life.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was for analysis the educational needs of personnels who works for hypertension and diabetes centers in community in order to serve as the basis for the development of the future educational programs. Methods: To analyze the educational needs of personnels who wokrs for hypertension and diabetes centers in community, a survey based on CompHP core competencies framework for health promotion was conducted in September 2016. 102 personnels were answered to the online questionnaires and collected data were analyzed through SPSS. Results: The highest point of educational needs was 'how to use verbal and non-verbal effective communication skills' among 46 core competencies for health promotion and 'self-management practical skills for hypertension and diabetes patients'. There were some differences of educational needs between leaders and general staff members of centers. Most wanted educational subjects of leaders are 'contribute to the development and dissemination of health promotion evaluation and research process', and 'use evaluation findings to refine and improve health promotion action'. On the other hand, most general staff members of centers wanted 'use effective communication skills including written, verbal, non-verbal, and listening skills' and 'facilitate the development of personal skills that will maintain and improve health. Conclusions: Evidence-based and long-term educational programs should be developed for personnels who works for hypertension and diabetes centers in community.