• Title/Summary/Keyword: Diabetes mellitus, Type 2

Search Result 629, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

The Clinical Implications of Hepatic Enzymes in Metabolically Healthy Obese Men (대사적으로 건강한 비만남성에서 간 효소의 임상적 의의)

  • Shin, Kyung-A
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
    • /
    • v.49 no.3
    • /
    • pp.248-255
    • /
    • 2017
  • Increased hepatic enzymes are associated with insulin resistance, metabolic complications, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is not accompanied by metabolic complications and maintains insulin sensitivity, despite excessive body fat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of hepatic enzymes in MHO men. The diagnostic criteria for MHO were based on NCEP-ATP III and obesity in adults was defined using WHO Asian-Pacific criteria. We used the data from 9,683 obese men aged between 20 and 70 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the diagnostic criteria: The metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO, N=2,878), metabolically healthy obese (MHO, N=5,427), and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO, N=1,378). Obesity criteria were classified according to the standards set forth by WHO Asia-Pacific Criteria. AST, ALT, and GGT were significantly lower in the MHO group than in the MAO group (p<0.001, respectively). However, the hepatic enzyme levels were higher in the MHO group than in the MHNO group (p<0.001). Liver enzymes were associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors. Waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C were risk factors for metabolic syndrome affecting liver enzymes. In conclusion, hepatic enzymes were found to predict metabolic abnormalities in metabolically healthy obese men.

The Risk Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke (허혈성 뇌졸중의 재발과 연관된 위험인자)

  • Jung, Cheol;Kim, Wook-Nyneon;Kim, Min-Jeung;Choi, Soek-Mum;Eur, Kyung-Yoon;Park, Mee-Young;Hah, Jeng-Sang;Byun, Yeung-Ju
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.423-431
    • /
    • 1993
  • To eveluate the risk factors which are related to recurrence of ischemic stroke, we selected subjects who were admitted to YNUH due to recurrent stroke and compared their risk factors with non-recurred group who suffered from single ischemic stroke. In the subjects, 55 of them are men and 22 were women and in the non-recurred groups, 84 of them were men and 40 were women, Subject's age ranged from 29 to 85 years(Mean 62, 5years), and non-recurred group's age ranged from 27 to 90 years(Mean 60, 7years), Peak incidence of ischemic stroke is in the 7th decade in both groups. Age and sex are not, statistically significant for recurrence of ischemic stroke. The patient's history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, transient attack and type or site of ischemic stroke had no significant effect statistically on the recurrent ischemic stroke. However, when the patient had previous history of hypertension or systolic blood pressure more than 160mmHg and diastolic more than 95mmHg, there was substantial difference(P<0.05) between the two group in the recurrence of ischemic stroke. According to the above results, hypertension is most likely significant risk factor of the recurrence of ischemic stroke within 2years after initial one. Therefore, adequate treatment of the hypertension is important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Further study is required for searching other risk factors.

  • PDF

The association of PBX1 polymorphisms with overweight/obesity and metabolic alterations in the Korean population

  • Ban, Ju-Yeon;Kang, Soon-Ah;Jung, Kyung-Hee;Kim, Hak-Jae;Uhm, Yoon-Kyung;Kim, Su-Kang;Yim, Sung-Vin;Choe, Bong-Keun;Hong, Seung-Jae;Seong, Yeon-Hee;Koh, In-Song;Chung, Joo-Ho
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.2 no.4
    • /
    • pp.289-294
    • /
    • 2008
  • Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1), which is located on chromosome 1q23, was recently reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PBX1 gene are associated with overweight/obesity in a Korean population. We genotyped 66 SNPs in the PBX1 gene and investigated their association with clinical phenotypes found in 214 overweight/obese subjects and 160 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping chip array. Seven SNPs (g.+75l86C>T, g.+78350C>A, g.+80646C>T, g.+138004C>T, g.+185219G>A, g.+191272A>C, and g.+265317T>A) were associated with the risk of obesity in three models (codominant, dominant, and recessive) (P=0.007-0.05). Haplotype 1 (CAC) and 3 (TAC) of block 3 and haplotype 2 (GGAAT) of block 10 were also strongly associated with the risk of obesity. In the control group, subjects that had homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level compared to those possessing the minor allele, suggesting that the association between the homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C and HDL-C is attributable to the increased risk of obesity. This study suggests that the PBX1 gene is a possible risk factor in overweight/obese patients.

Risk Factors and Preoperative Risk Scoring System for Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  • Kim, Joo Hyun;Kim, Jae Hoon;Kang, Hee In;Kim, Deok Ryeong;Moon, Byung Gwan;Kim, Joo Seung
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.62 no.6
    • /
    • pp.643-648
    • /
    • 2019
  • Objective : Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SdHCP) is a well-known complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The risk factors for SdHCP have been widely investigated, but few risk scoring systems have been established to predict SdHCP. This study was performed to investigate the risk factors for SdHCP and devise a risk scoring system for use before aneurysm obliteration. Methods : We reviewed the data of 301 consecutive patients who underwent aneurysm obliteration following SAH from September 2007 to December 2016. The exclusion criteria for this study were previous aneurysm obliteration, previous major cerebral infarction, the presence of a cavum septum pellucidum, a midline shift of >10 mm on initial computed tomography (CT), and in-hospital mortality. We finally recruited 254 patients and analyzed the following data according to the presence or absence of SdHCP : age, sex, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, aneurysm size and location, type of treatment, bicaudate index on initial CT, intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, vasospasm, and modified Rankin scale score at discharge. Results : In the multivariate analysis, acute HCP (bicaudate index of ${\geq}0.2$) (odds ratio [OR], 6.749; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.843-16.021; p=0.000), Fisher grade of 4 (OR, 4.108; 95% CI, 1.044-16.169; p=0.043), and an age of ${\geq}50years$ (OR, 3.938; 95% CI, 1.375-11.275; p=0.011) were significantly associated with the occurrence of SdHCP. The risk scoring system using above parameters of acute HCP, Fisher grade, and age (AFA score) assigned 1 point to each (total score of 0-3 points). SdHCP occurred in 4.3% of patients with a score of 0, 8.5% with a score of 1, 25.5% with a score of 2, and 61.7% with a score of 3 (p=0.000). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for the risk scoring system was 0.820 (p=0.080; 95% CI, 0.750-0.890). In the internal validation of the risk scoring system, the score reliably predicted SdHCP (AUC, 0.895; p=0.000; 95% CI, 0.847-0.943). Conclusion : Our results suggest that the herein-described AFA score is a useful tool for predicting SdHCP before aneurysm obliteration. Prospective validation is needed.

Compound K attenuates hyperglycemia by enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through activating TGR5 via the remodeling of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism

  • Tian, Fengyuan;Huang, Shuo;Xu, Wangda;Chen, Lan;Su, Jianming;Ni, Haixiang;Feng, Xiaohong;Chen, Jie;Wang, Xi;Huang, Qi
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.46 no.6
    • /
    • pp.780-789
    • /
    • 2022
  • Background: Incretin impairment, characterized by insufficient secretion of L-cell-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a defining step of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ginsenoside compound K (CK) can stimulate GLP-1 secretion; however, the potential mechanism underlying this effect has not been established. Methods: CK (40 mg/kg) was administered orally to male db/db mice for 4 weeks. The body weight, oral glucose tolerance, GLP-1 secretion, gut microbiota sequencing, bile acid (BA) profiles, and BA synthesis markers of each subject were then analyzed. Moreover, TGR5 expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, and L-cell lineage markers involved in L-cell abundance were analyzed. Results: CK ameliorated obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in db/db mice by altering the gut microbiota, especially Ruminococcaceae family, and this changed microbe was positively correlated with secondary BA synthesis. Additionally, CK treatment resulted in the up-regulation of CYP7B1 and CYP27A1 and the down-regulation of CYP8B1, thereby shifting BA biosynthesis from the classical pathway to the alternative pathway. CK altered the BA pool by mainly increasing LCA and DCA. Furthermore, CK induced L-cell number expansion leading to enhanced GLP-1 release through TGR5 activation. These increases were supported by the upregulation of genes governing GLP-1 secretion and L-cell differentiation. Conclusions: The results indicate that CK improves glucose homeostasis by increasing L-cell numbers, which enhances GLP-1 release through a mechanism partially mediated by the gut microbiota-BA-TGR5 pathway. Therefore, that therapeutic attempts with CK might be useful for patients with T2DM.

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE CARE OF ODONTOGENIC INFECTIONS IN THE ADMISSION PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELELATED GERIATRIC DISEASES (노인성 전신질환 입원환자에서 치성감염 관리에 관한 임상적 연구)

  • Yoo, Jae-Ha;Choi, Byung-Ho;Han, Sang-Kwon;Chung, Won-Gyun;Noh, Hie-Jin;Jang, Sun-Ok;Kim, Jong-Bae;Nam, Ki-Young;Chung, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Byung-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
    • /
    • v.30 no.5
    • /
    • pp.414-421
    • /
    • 2004
  • This is a reprospective study on the care of odontogenic infections in admission patients with geriatric diseases. The study was based on a series of 480 patients at Dong San Medical Center, Wonju Christian Hospital and Il San Health Insurance Hospital, From Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2002. The Obtained results were as follows: 1. The systemic malignant tumor was the most frequent cause of the geriatric diseases with odontogenic infectious diseases, and refractory lung disease, systemic heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, bone & joint disease, senile psychologic disease were next in order of frequency. 2. Male prediction(57.5%) was existed in the odontogenic infectious patients with geriatric diseases. But, there were female prediction in senile psychologic disease, systemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. 3. The most common age group of the odontogenic infectious patient with geriatric disease was the sixty decade(47.9%), followed by the seventy & eighty decade in order. 4. In the contents of chief complaints on the odontogenic infectious patients with geriatric disease, peak incidence was occurred as toothache(52.7%), followed by extraction wish, tooth mobility, oral bleeding, oral ulcer, fracture of restoration, gingival swelling in order. 5. In the diagnosis group of odontogenic infectious diseases, periodontitis, pulpitis & periapical abscess were more common. 6. In the treatment group of odontogenic infectious diseases, the most frequent incidence(34.2%) was showed in primary endodontic treatment (pulp extirpation, occlusal reduction and canal opening drainage) and followed by scaling, incision & drainage, only drugs, pulp capping, restoration in order.

Treatment outcomes of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer

  • Kim, Yong-Hyub;Song, Sang-Yun;Shim, Hyun-Jeong;Chung, Woong-Ki;Ahn, Sung-Ja;Yoon, Mee Sun;Jeong, Jae-Uk;Song, Ju-Young;Nam, Taek-Keun
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • v.33 no.1
    • /
    • pp.12-20
    • /
    • 2015
  • Purpose: To evaluate treatment outcomes and determine prognostic factors in patients with esophageal cancer treated with esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 39 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy between 2002 and 2012. Initial clinical stages of patients were stage IB in 1 patient (2.6%), stage II in 5 patients (12.9%), and stage III in 33 patients (84.6%). Results: The median age of all the patients was 62 years, and the median follow-up period was 17 months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 33.6% in all the patients. The 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate was 33.7%. In multivariate analysis with covariates of age, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tumor length, clinical response, clinical stage, pathological response, pathological stage, lymphovascular invasion, surgical type, and radiotherapy to surgery interval, only pathological stage was an independent significant prognostic factor affecting both OS and LRFS. The complications in postoperative day 90 were pneumonia in 9 patients, anastomotic site leakage in 3 patients, and anastomotic site stricture in 2 patients. Postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 10.3% (4/39); the cause of death among these 4 patients was respiratory failure in 3 patients and myocardial infarction in one patient. Conclusion: Only pathological stage was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and LRFS in patients with esophageal cancer treated with esophagectomy after NCRT. We could confirm the significant role of NCRT in downstaging the initial tumor bulk and thus resulting in better survival of patients who gained earlier pathological stage after NCRT.

Growth and Antioxidant Activity of Gynura procumbens by Natural Media Composition in Hydroponic Cultivation Using Organic Nutrient Solution (유기 수경재배 시 천연배지 조성에 의한 명월초 생육 및 항산화 활성)

  • Lee, Kyu-Hoi;Lee, Sung-Hee;Kim, Ju Hyoung;Park, Jae-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
    • /
    • v.27 no.3
    • /
    • pp.341-351
    • /
    • 2019
  • Gynura procumbens (Family Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical Asia countries such as China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Traditionally, it is widely used in many different countries for the treatment of a wide variety of health ailments such as kidney discomfort, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hypertension. The objective of this study was to select the natural growth media for hydroponic cultivation of Gynura procumbens. The commercially available thirty four different organic nutrient solutions were analyzed for growing Gynura procumbens. After analysis, two organic nutrient solution were selected, mixed (pH 5.5~6.5 / EC 0.5~1.0 ds/m) and then used as organic fertilizers. Thirty day old seedlings were planted and the environmental conditions of the rhizosphere were also examined to select the natural media composition. The minimum temperature of rhizosphere by type of natural media was highest in cocopeat media and lowest in perlite media. Furthermore, plant growth was examined from 50 days old seedlings, and vermiculite was observed to be most effective and perlite was the least effective component as natural media. The total polyphenol content of the studied plant material was also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. The Gynura procumbens yields were also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. Thus, vermiculite can be used to improve Gynura procumbens plant growth as a natural growth media.

Comparison of Efficacy of Overlapped Versus Long Eluting Stent in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Diffuse Long Lesion (미만성 긴 병변이 있는 급성심근경색환자에서 긴 단일 용출 스텐트 시술과 중첩 스텐트 시술의 효과 비교)

  • Kim, Won Hyo;Kim, In Soo;Kong, Chang gi;Han, Jae Bok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.319-336
    • /
    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of two interventional methods, overlapping drug-eluting stents (DES) and long DES, for long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 438 patients with AMI (65.9±11.0 years, 306 males) from June 2008 to March 2019 who had diffuse long coronary artery lesion, more than 30mm were divided into two groups; group I (overlapped DES group; n=140) and group II (long DES group; n=298). We compared the incidences of major adverse cardiac events [MACEs; cardiac death, myocardial infaction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and stent thrombosis (ST)] during 12 months between the two groups. Everolimus-eluting stent was more commonly used in group II than in group I (28.1% vs. 51.8% p<0.001). Mean lesion diameter was slightly longer in group II (3.1±0.3mm vs. 3.2±0.3mm, p=0.042), and prevalence of ACC/AHA lesion type C was higher in group I (41.7% vs. 25.4%, p<0.001). Incidences of MACEs during 12 months were higher in group I than group II (18.5% vs. 14.4%, p=0.034). The rates of cardiac death (2.1% vs. 4.4%, p=0.667), MI (5.0% vs. 2.7%, p=0.260) and stent thrombosis rate (0.7% vs. 1.7%, p=0.669) were similar between the two groups. However, TLR rate was higher in group I (10.7% vs. 5.6%, p=0.041). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, presence of diabetes mellitus [Hazard ratio (HR) 2.383, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.332-4.260, p=0.003] and use of paclitaxel-eluting stent (HR) 2.367, 95% CI 1.371-4.086, p=0.002) were independent predictors of 12-month MACEs, without significant differences in prevalence between the two groups. In AMI patients with diffuse long lesion, TLR rate was higher in the overlapped DES group during 12-month follow-up. Presence of diabetes and use of paclitaxel-eluting stent were independent predictors of MACEs.

Effects of high glucose concentration on IGF-I binding and glucose transporters in renal proximal tubule cells (신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 고포도당이 IGF-I 결합과 포도당운반계에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Ho-jae;Park, Kwon-moo;Son, Chang-ho;Yoon, Yong-dal
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.37 no.2
    • /
    • pp.301-310
    • /
    • 1997
  • Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological in the kidney. This study was designed to examine the effects of high glucose concentration on IGF-I binding and glucose transporters in renal proximal tubule cells. The results were as follows : The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ reached the peak at the 30 minutes and gradually decreased by the time dependent manner. The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ was inhibited by the unlabelled IGF-I($10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$) in a concentration dependent manner. The relative affinity of IGF-I receptor for IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin exhibited typical type 1 binding(IGF-I > insulin > IGF-II). However IGF-II did not compete for the cultured cell membrane $^{125}I-IGF-I$ binding site at $10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$. Under optimal conditions, IGF-I binding to the membranes from 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells was analyzed. It was found that 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher binding activity for IGF-I. In order to further substantiate this increase in IGF-I binding sites, we performed affinity-labelling studies. The cross-linked cell membrane subjected to SDS-PAGE; labelled material was detected by autoradiography. 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher levels. The initial rate of $methyl-{\alpha}-D-glucopyranoside({\alpha}-MG)$ uptake was significantly lower($74.41{\pm}6.71%$) in monolayers treated with 20mM glucose than those of 5mM glucose. However, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose(3-O-MG) uptake was not affected by glucose concentration in culture media. IGF-I significantly increased ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake in both 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells. However, 3-O-MG uptake was not affected by IGF-I in both conditions. In conclusion, 20mM glucose increased binding sites of $^{125}I-IGF-I$, inhibited Na/glucose cotransporter activity. But 20mM glucose did not change facilitated glucose transporter.

  • PDF