• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to prepare calcium phosphate cement [CPC] for use in artificial bone. Nano-crystalline calcium phosphate [CaP] was precipitated at $37^{\circ}C$ using highly active $Ca(OH)_2$ in DI water and an aqueous solution of $H_3PO_4$. From the XRD measurements, the nano-CaP powder was close to apatitic TCP phase and the powders fired at $800^{\circ}C$ showed a critical ${\beta}$-TCP phase. A mixture of one mole $CaCO_3$ and two moles di-calcium phosphate was calcined at $1100^{\circ}C$ to make a reference ${\beta}$-TCP material. The nano-CaP powders were added to the normal ${\beta}$-TCP matrix and fired at $900^{\circ}C$ to make a ${\beta}$-TCP block. The sintered block showed improved mechanical strength, which was caused by the solid state interaction between nano-CaP and normal ${\beta}$-TCP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2019

Objective: Phosphorous (P) sources with greater bioavailability might increase animal production efficiency and decrease environmental pollution. The objective of current study was to determine animal performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and fecal P concentration in finishing lambs fed a diet with either di-calcium phosphate (DCP) or di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) as a P source. Methods: Twelve 4-month-old male lambs (initial body weight $24.87{\pm}3.4kg$) were randomly allocated to a diet with either DCP or DAP (~261 g/kg of total diet P) fed ad libitum for 93 days. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and had same calcium (Ca) and P concentrations. Results: The DAP contained 19.7 g/kg of dry matter (DM) Ca, 185.4 g/kg DM P and 14,623 ppm fluorine, while DCP contained 230.3 g/kg DM Ca, 195.2 g/kg DM P and 1,039 ppm fluorine. The diet with DAP contained 60 ppm fluorine while the diet with DCP contained 13 ppm fluorine. Lambs fed the diet with DAP tended to have a greater daily DM intake compared to those fed diet with DCP (p = 0.09). Lambs fed DAP had greater plasma P concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity ($p{\leq}0.01$) compared with lambs fed DCP. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were similar between two treatments at days 60 and 90, while they were greater in lambs fed DCP (p<0.05) at day 30 of the trial. Feeding DAP increased P digestibility (58.7% vs 50.2%; p<0.05) and decreased fecal P concentration in lambs compared with feeding DCP (3.1 vs 3.8 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Conclusion: Providing ~261 g/kg of total diet P as DAP in the diet of finishing lambs improved the bioavailability of P in the body and decreased excretion of P in feces without affecting lamb performance.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.670-675
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• 2016

Calcium phosphate crystallites were prepared by wet chemical method for use in artificial bone. In order to obtain ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nano-crystalline calcium phosphate (CaP) was precipitated at $37^{\circ}C$ and at $pH5.0{\pm}0.1$ under stirring using highly active $Ca(OH)_2$ in DI water and an aqueous solution of $H_3PO_4$. The precipitated nano-crystalline CaP solution was kept at $90^{\circ}C$ for the growth of CaP crystallites. Through the growing process of CaP crystallites, we were able to obtain various sizes of rectangular CaP crystallites according to the crystal growing times. Dry nano-crystalline CaP powders at $37^{\circ}C$ were mixed with dry macro-crystalline CaP crystallites and the shaped mixture sample was fired at $1150^{\circ}C$ to make a ${\beta}-TCP$ block. Several tens of nm powders were uniformly coated on the surface, which was comprised of powders of several tens of ${\mu}m$, using a vibrator. The mixing ratio between the nanometer powders and the micrometer powders greatly affected the mechanical strength of the mixture block; the most appropriate ratio of these two materials was 50 wt% to 50 wt%. The sintered block showed improved mechanical strength, which was caused by the solid state interaction between the nano-crystalline ${\beta}-TCP$ and the macro-crystalline ${\beta}-TCP$.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 1988

본 실험은 사료첨가제로 사용되는 인산칼슘제에 들어있는 Ca과 P의 생물학적 이용성을 측정 비교하고자 실시하였다. 5일령의 수평아리를 사용하여 12 일간의 실험기간 후에 경골의 회분함량율 기준으로 하여 표준계선에 의한 least square방식으로 측정한 이용성의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. P의 이용성은 DiCa-P첨가제가 각각 77.1, 91.0, 96.4 그리고 95.5％를 나타냈고 TriCa-P첨가제는 각각 94.1, 95.0 및 99.5％를 나타냈다. 2. Ca의 이용성은 DiCa-P 첨가제에서 각각 78.3, 234.1, 87.6 그리고 244.5％였고 TriCa-P첨가제는 각각 99.5, 84.0 및 101.5 ％였다. 3. 전반적으로 TriCa-P첨가제가 DiCa-P첨가제보다 이용성이 약간 높게 나타났다. 4. 국산과 외국산 인산칼슘제의 이용성의 차이는 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 1968

우리나라 수도작(水稻作)에 대(對)한 수종(數種) 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)의 비효를 명확(明確)히 하기 위(爲)하여 기왕(旣往)에 실시(實施)한 재배시험(栽培試驗) 결과(結果)를 검토(檢討)하고 또 비효의 차이(差異)를 가져온 원인(原因)을 캐 볼 목적(目的)으로 1963~1964년(年)에 수경(水耕) 및 토경재배(土耕栽培)[폿트(깡통을 썼음)시험(試驗)]를 실시(實施)한바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 수경재배(水耕栽培)를 통(通)한 순수한 인산질비료(鱗酸質肥料)로서의 비효는 수용성인산(水溶性燐酸)이 가장 크고 구용성(拘溶性) 인산(燐酸)인 용린(熔燐)이나 인산제(燐酸第)2석회(石灰)가 그 뒤를 따랐으나 토경재배(土耕栽培) (폿트시험(試驗))나 실제 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서는 용린(熔燐)의 효과가 수용성(水溶性)인 중과석(重過石)의 효과보다 우수(優秀)한 경우(境遇)가 많았고 하이포인비(燐肥)나 용성인비(熔成燐肥), 화성인비(化成燐肥), 스래그인비(燐肥)는 중과석(重過石)과 비슷하거나 이보다 다소(多少) 떨어지는 비효를 보이는 경우(境遇)가 많았으며 린회석분말(燐灰石粉末)의 비효는 대체(大體)로 타비료(他肥料)보다 월등히 떨어진다. 2. 용린(熔燐)의 비효가 중과석(重過石)보다 대체(大體)로 컸든 이유(理由)로는 용린(熔燐)이 가. 토양산성(土壤酸性)을 중화(中和)하는 능력(能力)이 있고 나. 마그네슘을 공급(供給)하며 동(同) 공급(供給)이 치환성토양염기(置換性土壤鹽基)를 균형(均衡)된 조건(條件)으로 유인하고 다. 마그네슘이 인산(燐酸)의 이전(移轉)(식물체내(植物體內)에서)이나 인산(燐酸)의 흡수(吸收)를 조절(調節)하기 때문으로 추리(推理)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1104-1110
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• 1999

We condicted two experiments to evaluate the interaction among fumaric acid (FA), protected acids (PA), or no additional acid (NO) and two different levels of acid buffering capacity (BC) in diets for 14-d-old weaned pigs. BC was varied substituting mono-calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate for dicalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. In the high BC diet plus PA, FA was also added. In Exp. 1, 48 gilts were raised for 31 days on the six diets, evaluating growth performance and fecal digestibility. In Exp. 2, 42 gilts were raised. With each diet three subjects were sacrificed after 19 days and four after 38 days. In addition, six subjects were sacrificed at weaning. Growth and carcass performance, ileal digestibility, bacterial populations and pH in the gut were assessed. The piglet performance and stomach, ileal and cecal pH, and empty body composition were not affected by the diets. Empty body composition other than ash content was affected by piglet age (p<0.01). The BC did not influence digestibility. The dietary inclusion of PA improved fecal digestibility of protein (p<0.05) compared to the addition of FA and NO. Ileal digestibility slightly increased with both acid additions (p<0.10), the groups receiving PA showing the higher values. Piglets fed diets with low BC had lower Lactobacillus and E. coli counts in the ileum (p=0.07) and higher Lactobacillus in the colon (p=0.08). Acidified diets tended to reduce E. coli counts in the ileum (p=0.10) and increased Lactobacillus in the colon (p=0.09). The addition in the diet of PA increased Lactobacillus in the ileum compared to the sole addition of free fumaric acid (p=0.07). The addition of protected acids, combined with free fumaric acid in the case of high BC diets, increased protein digestibility and Lactobacillus counts and reduced E.coli counts. Only some changes in the concentration of bacterial population can be expected with a diet of low BC.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2016

The present research work reports a low temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) chemical precipitation technique for synthesizing hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles of spherical morphology through a simple reaction of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate at pH 11. The crystallinity of the single-phase nanoparticles could be improved by calcinating at $600^{\circ}C$ in air. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) revealed the synthesized HAp is stable up to $1200^{\circ}C$. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with average size of $23.15{\pm}2.56nm$ and Ca/P ratio of 1.70. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm of the nanoparticles revealed their porous structure with average pore size of about 24.47 nm and average surface area of $78.4m2g^{-1}$. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the formation of P-O, OH, C-O chemical bonds. Cytotoxicity and MTT assay on MG63 osteogenic cell lines revealed nontoxic bioactive nature of the synthesized HAp nanoparticles.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.53.1-53.1
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• 2011

Bioactive glass powders were synthesized by hydrothermal chemical route by the use of ultrasonic energy irradiation. We used sodalime, calcium nitrate tetra hydrate and di ammonium hydrogen phosphate as the precursor material to synthesize $SiO_2$ rich bio-active glass materials. The $SiO_2$ content was varied in the precursor mixture to 60, 52 and 45 mole%. Dense compacts were obtained by microwave sintering at $1,100^{\circ}C$. Mechanical properties were characterized for the fabricated dense bioactive glasses and were found to be comparable with conventional CaO-$SiO_2$-$Na_2O$-$P_2O_5$ bioactive glass. Detailed biocompatibility evaluation of the glass composition was investigated by in-vitro culture of MG-63 cell and mesenchyme stem cell. Cell adhesion behavior was investigated for both of the cell by one cell morphology for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Cell proliferation behavior was investigated by culturing both of the cells for 1, 3 and 7 days and was found to be excellent. Both SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for the investigation. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the bimolecular level interaction and extent and rate of specific protein expression. The ability to form biological apatite in physiological condition was observed with simulated body fluid (SBF). In-vivo bone formation behavior was investigated after implanting the materials inside rabbit femur for 1 and 3 month. The bone formation behavior was excellent in all the bioglass compositions, specially the composition with 60% $SiO_2$ content showed most promising trend.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2007

Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$, $5H_2O$) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. $CuSO_4$ or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p<0.04) and average daily gain (p<0.01). No significant contribution of source and level of Cu to alter serum serum enzymes was evident. Goats fed Cu-P tended to have higher Hb, PCV and TEC than with $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p<0.02) and crude fiber (p<0.05) and showed an increasing trend (p<0.09) for digested crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Supplemental dose of Cu linearly improved (p<0.02) digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), EE and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Though the absorption of nitrogen (N) was not affected (p>0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p<0.04) and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction (p<0.05). Final body weight (BW) was not influenced (p>0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p<0.04) the BW of kids. TDN intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) was higher (p<0.05) with the increased dose of Cu and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.