• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.801-805
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• 2008

A fibrous material (p-phenylene-2,5-benzobisoxazole, PBO) was used as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction in order to simplify the extraction procedure. The extraction performance for di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was examined with two types of PBO fibers (HM (High modulus) and AS (Regular type) types) by batch type sorption/desorption experiments. When 100 mg of the HM fibers were applied to 20 mL of the aqueous DEHP solution (less than $50{\mu}g/L$), more than 95% of DEHP was adsorbed on the fibers, however, the AS type fibers adsorbed alkyl phthalate up to 80%. In the case of $50{\mu}g/L$ of the initial concentration of DEHP, the adsorbed DEHP was extracted effectively with methanol and the maximum overall recovery ratio was 92.3%. The results indicated that the PBO fibers could be used as an adsorbent for alkyl phthalate analysis, and that the extraction procedure was not affected by suspended solids in a water sample.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2004

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

NIRS(Near infrared spectroscopy) scanning from 1300nm to 2400nm was appl ied for the DEHP(di-(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate) in PVC(polyvinyl chloride_packing material. All samples were devided into calibration group and validation group. As a result of conduction the multiple regression analysis on the correlation between the NIR spectrum data and chemical assay value obtained by the Korea Food Sanitation Act. The validation model for measuring the DEHP content had R of 0.997, SEC of 0.132, SEP of 0.176 by MLR and R of 0.996, SEC of 0.142, SEP of 0.198 by PLS and the detection limit was 0.1%. The obtained results indicate that the NIR procedure can potentially be used as a nondestructive analysis method for the purpose of rapid and simple measurement of DEHP in PVC packing material.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.548-554
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is to examine the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials in elementary school classrooms and libraries in Seoul, and to investigate phthalate contamination in indoor dust. Methods: PVC material was identified for building materials and furniture using portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Phthalates in dust samples (n=19) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction using cyclohexane and analyzed by GC-MS. Results: Diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were found in all collected dust samples (n=19), and diisonyl phthalate (DINP) was detected in all except for one sample (n=18). The concentration of DEHP (median: 2190 mg/kg) and DINP (2960 mg/kg) were higher than other compounds, suggesting that there are many products in the school that used these compounds. When comparing the phthalate concentration in the classroom (n=11) and library dust (n=8), the total concentration in the classroom (median: 10000 mg/kg) was higher than that in the library (8030 mg/kg). DEHP was the dominant compound in the library. The library is relatively more equipped with PVC furniture (n=83) and most floors are also identified as PVC material, suggesting that floors and furniture made of PVC materials are main sources of DEHP contamination. Conclusions: This study is a pilot survey for investigating phthalate contamination in elementary schools. As a result of the survey, phthalate contamination in elementary school was confirmed. However, further study requires risk assessment of children through analysis of phthalate metabolites in children based on sufficient number of samples and information about the site.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to determine the preventive effects of the two antioxidant vitamin E and catechin on DEHP-induced disturbance of spermatogenesis in male rats. Rats at 4 weeks of age were randomly allocated into five groups with 20 animals per group. The first group was not any administrated as control. The second group was administrated DEHP (2 g/kg) daily for 14 days. The third group was administrated vitamin E (500 IU/kg) following DEHP treatment by the same method (daily for 14 days). The fourth group was administrated catechin (200 mg/kg) following DEHP treatment by the same method. The fifth group was co-administrated vitamin E (500 IU/kg) and catechin (200 mg/kg) following DEHP treatment by the same method. In order to determine the preventive effects, we examined pathological changes of testis with apoptotic index, and characteristics of sperm with computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Vitamin E and catechin supplementation were significantly prevented the testicular atrophy, apoptosis of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and abnormal rate of sperm. Moreover, sperm concentration, viability and motility was significantly recovered in groups of alone and along with vitamin E and catechin. The results suggest that preventive effects of alone and along administration of vitamin E and catechin on DEHP-induced testicular atrophy damages have been demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.321-328
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• 2004

The effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the fourth instar larvae of Chironomus riparius were tested in the laboratory. Employing a waterreplacement exposure setup, chironomids were subjected to various concentrations. In the most treatments mortality reached a statistically significant difference from the control conditions. As DEHP concentrations were increased, the rates of emerged adults decreased. Sex ratio was unaffected with little deviation from a 1:1 relationship (except in 1 and $30\mu{g}\;L^{-1})$. The developmental stages was delayed at low concentration (0.3 and $1\mu{g}\;L^{-1})$. Generally the emergent period was different between males and females, and the first emergent day of males was faster than females. The body shape of female adults was larger than males. Differences between males and females were found in body volume, body length and body width. In addition, the body volume showed the significant difference between controls and treatments, and those especially well observed females.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2018

Plasticizers added to thermoplastic polymers are known to shorten the life of products due to the elution to outside, and some of them are harmful to our environment and human body. Since the use of phthalate plasticizers suspected of being carcinogens has been gradually prohibited, there is a need for environmentally friendly plasticizers that can replace them. Most of the substances have a low compatibility with resin, high cost and lack of safety verification. Therefore, in this study, four kinds of norbornene dialkyl ester compounds possessing excellent physical properties, which are also reported as safe compounds from the toxicity evaluation, were added to PVC resin to evaluate the possibility of human exposure by leaching, and also the potential usage as plasticizer candidates alternative to commercial ones including DEHP, DINCH and DOTP. The test was carried out according to the American standard test method (ASTM). The results showed that di-2-ethylhexyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DEHN) in aqueous solvents and diisopentyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DIPN) compounds in oil solvents were superior or equivalent to DEHP. In addition, all four norbornene compounds showed lower values than 100 ppm, which is considered to have an influence on the environment, indicating that the polar norbornene structure affects the elution.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.403.3-404
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• 2002

Dimethyl phthalate(DMP). diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP). bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate(DOP) in lotions was determined by gas chromatography. and benzyl benzoate was used as the intermal standard. The separation of the six phthalates and internal standard was optimized, and the optimal analytical conditions were as follows: column. DB-1701 (I.D. 0.25mm): mobile phase. helium: oven temperature 20$0^{\circ}C$ (10 min) ${\rightarrow}10^{\circ}C$/min ${\rightarrow}260^{\circ}C$/min(30min), injector temperature 23$0^{\circ}C$, detector temperature 28$0^{\circ}C$. (omitted)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

The endocrine disrupting chemical, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride products ubiquitous in our daily lives. DEHP has potentially adverse effects on the liver, kidney, lung, heart, reproductive organs and endocrine systems. Many toxicological data on the DEHP toxicity have been stated, but complete protein profiles have not yet been reported. In this study, DEHP-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat lymphocyte was evaluated by Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) for the first time. Moreover, DEHP-induced protein profile alterations were examined in rat liver by using toxicoproteomic tools. 34 protein spots in the liver were identified to be significantly deregulated by DEHP on the 2-dimensional gel. Among them, 20 spots were up-regulated and 14 spots down-regulated by DEHP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.532-536
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• 2004

Due to the fourth-instar larvae of C. riparius have a sensitive to ecdysteroidal molting hormones for the life cycle developments, accordingly the emerged adult affected corresponding to larval phase's environments. The emerged female from larval phase exposure to DEHP observed a fact body and clumsy fling behavior in females. The body volume of treated female groups was clearly larger than that of control fe- males. In the 2D/E gel 1108 protein spots were identified. The visualized protein spots allowed extraction of 27 protein spots differed more than 3 fold in DEHP treated animals, which was approximately 2.4％ of the total protein spots. In this view, the body volume (or morphological characters) was well observed and detected faster than physiological detection for various EDCs. In this study, the body volume as a detecting po-int for EDCs suggested a bio-marker in individual levels.