• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.800-808
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• 2005

It is required to propose an alternatives for appropriate sludge treatment owing to persistent construction of sewage treatment plant and increase of sewage sludge quantity. In order to treat sludge more efficiently, the methods which reduce the cost of sludge treatment have been studied such as sludge reduction and conditioning. Especially ozone treatment reduces solid quantity and improves separation of solid-liquid at the same time. Therefore ozone treatment have a positive effect on reduction and stabilization of sludge. So, this study applied ozone to sewage sludge and induced cell destruction of sludge. By comparing with the correlation between thickening and dewatering, and evaluating moisture content and solubilization of cake, this study verificates the effect of process improvement for ozone pre-treatment. In J-STP case, according to ozone dose solid flux increased about 12 times from $1kg/m^2{\cdot}h$ to $12kg/m^2{\cdot}h$. Also this plant were capable to shorten thickening time from 40 minutes to 6~7 minutes. Thus it is expected to reduce volume and retention time of thickener. On pH effect factor, dewatering at pH4 was more than at pH11, $3.05{\times}10^{11}$ and $3.82{\times}10^{11}(m/kg)$. But effect of pH was analogous to ozone, $2.81{\times}10^{11}(m/kg)$. The effect of pH on thickening was similar to law sludge, $0.68(kg/m^2{\cdot}h)$, and the effect of ozone injection on thickening was the biggest, $3.45(kg/m^2{\cdot}h)$. The COD solubilization rate improved from about 5 to 30%. So it is judged that we are able to utilize most solubilized sludge to another sewage treatment plants.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2010

To acquire preliminary data for the control of total nitrogen (TN) in S sewage treatment plant, which processes merging food waste and sewage, the effect of reject water on the total nitrogen in the effluent was examined in this study. Water quality data for the plant during the winter period were applied to calculate the mass balance. It was calculated that at least more than 231 kg/d TN should be removed to control the TN concentration in the effluent. Assuming 18 ppm as the goal TN concentration in the effluent, about 941 kg/d TN should be removed from this plant. Approximately 10% more TN should be removed than at present to achieve this result. It was observed that dewatering the filtrate had a considerably greater effect on the total nitrogen in the effluent than the reject waters. The dewatered filtrate contained 1,399kg/d TN. The contribution of the dewatered filtrate to the TN concentration in the effluent was 0.183, which was 7 to 23 times greater than the other reject waters. In addition, the amount of total nitrogen from the reject water, with the exception of the dewatering filtrate, was lower than the amount of TN that should be removed from S sewage treatment plant. Therefore, it was concluded that one of the most effective methods for controlling the TN concentration in effluent was the removal of the TN contained in the dewatering filtrate.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2011

In the study, CE-QUAL-W2 was used and its examination and correction were conducted targeting 2001 and 2003 when the condition of rainfall was contradicted. Using the proved model in 2003, a scenario was implemented with management of locations for dewatering outlets and actual data for dam management in 1987 when inflow and outflow level were almost same. In case of the scenario which the location of dewatering outlets was 5m higher than usual location, exclusion efficiency for turbid water inflow at the beginning of precipitation was good. In case of the scenario which the location of dewatering outlets was 10m lower than usual location, exclusion efficiency for excluding turbid water remained in a reservoir after the end of precipitation. However, the scenario applying dam management data in 1987, exclusion efficiency was relatively low. In the scenario, power-generating water release spot at EL.57m for first four days after the beginning of precipitation, EL.52m for 5th to 8th and EL.42m from 9th days. An analysis of the scenario reveals that both excessive days exceeded 30 NTU and average turbidity levels were decreased comparing before and after the alteration on outlets. The average turbidity levels were decreased by minimum of 55% to maximum of 70% and 30NTU exceeding days were decreased by 45 days at maximum. Also, since it could exclude most of turbid water in a reservoir before the destatifcation, the risk for turbid water evenly distributed in a reservoir along with turn-over could be decreased as well.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 폐굴껍질과 황토를 사용하여 하수슬러지를 탈수개량성을 평가하였다. 농축슬러지와 소화슬러지의 탈수특성을 평가하기 위해 Jar Test와 Buchner Funnel Test를 실시하였다. TTF(Time to Filter), SRF(Specific Resistance to Filtration)를 슬러지 탈수 특성의 평가 지표로 하였다. 굴껍질과 황토를 혼합해 제조된 탈수개량제가 굴껍질 단독으로 만들어진 것보다 탈수성이 더 높았다. 굴껍질과 황토와 결합하는 과정에서, 굴껍질의 비율이 황토의 비율보다 더 높은 혼합비율에서의 탈수성이 높다는 사실을 발견하였다. 농축슬러지와 소화슬러지의 처리에서 탈수성이 가장 적합한 혼합은 굴껍질:황토의 비가 9:1이었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.539-552
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• 2013

To establish an aging management plan considering seawater influx and changes in groundwater within nuclear power plant sites, the characteristics of groundwater flow must be understood. This study investigated the characteristics of groundwater flow within the site and analyzed groundwater level recorded by monitoring wells to evaluate groundwater flow characteristics and elements that affected these characteristics for supplying the information to conduct the appropriate aging management for ensuring the safety of the safety-related structures in Shin Kori Unit 1 and 2. The increase in groundwater level during the wet season results from high sea-level conditions and the large amount of precipitation. As a result of the analysis of groundwater distribution and change characteristics, the site could be divided into a rainfall-affected area and a tide-affected area. First, the rainfall-affected area can further be divided into areas that are affected simultaneously by excavation, backfill, and a permanent dewatering system. Secondly, areas that are not affected by excavation, or the dewatering system, or by structure arrangement and excavation. Analysis of the spectrum for wells affected by tides resulted in confirmation of the M2 component (12.421 hr) and S2 component (12.000 hr) of the semidiurnal tides, and the O1 component (25.819 hr) of the diurnal tides. In the cross-correlation results regarding tides and groundwater levels, the lag time occurred diversely within 1-3 hours by the effect of the well location from sea, the distribution of the backfill material with depth, and the concrete structure.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2009

The structural and physicochemical properties of dried aloe vera gel by DIS (dewatering impregnation soaking) process under optimum conditions were investigated. FT-IR spectra for dried samples of DIS aloes showed the typical patterns of standard aloe polysaccharide, and surface structures by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) were similar to a gel-like structure. In case of physicochemical properties of dried aloe samples by DIS process, solubilities and swelling powers of control (not osmotic treated aloe), DIS (S) and DIS (G), samples treated by osmotic solution of 60% sucrose/0.25% NaCl and 50% glucose/0.5% NaCl, were 48.3-57.3% and 8.3-11.7%, respectively, showing no significant differences among samples, but swelling power of DIS (PEG), sample treated by using 50% polyethylene glycol as an osmotic agent was about 5 times higher that of control. Also, water holding capacities of control, DIS (S) and DIS (G) were similar to each other, but that of DIS (PEG) was about 5 times higher that of control. Oil holding capacities of control and DIS aloes maintained the 50.9-86.4% levels of water holding capacities showing no significant differences among samples. Rehydration ratio of DIS (PEG) aloes were significantly dependent on the temperature of rehydrated solvent (water), and rehydration ratio of not-fileted aloe was about two folds higher than that of fileted aloe.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1994

슬러지 발생량은 정수처리공정에서 부터 슬러지 농축 및 탈수에 이르는 과정을 최적화하므로써 감량화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 탈수 및 건조기법에 의하여 정수처리공정에서 발생하는 슬러지의 함수율을 낮추어 슬러지 발생량을 줄이는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 탈수효율향상을 위한 polymer 투입량 및 교반조건등을 최적화하고, 온도에 따른 슬러지의 중량변화에 대하여 관찰하였다. 탈수효율은 polymer의 종류보다 교반강도에 의한 영향이 크고, pH의 영향도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 최적 polymer 주입농도는 1.5mg-polymer/g-TSS이었고, pH가 약산성이나 약알카리성 조건에서 탈수효율이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 교반강도는 낮을수록(10,000ses-1이하) 효율이 향상되었고, 속도구배(G)보다 GT값이 중요한 영향인자인 것으로 나타났다. 자유수의 건조는 $100^{\circ}C$ 전후, 화학적 결함수는 $300^{\circ}C$ 근방에서 증발하며, 유기물질은 약 $300-600^{\circ}C$ 구간에서 산화되어 증발하는 것으로 나타났다. 취수원 수질에 따라 강열감량은 약 15-40%로 나타났으며, 화학적 결합수에 의한 감량이 약 10-20%, 유기물질에 의한 감량이 약 4-20%인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.732-738
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• 2005

본 연구는 슬러지의 효율적인 처리를 위하여 슬러지의 탈수 및 건조 효율에 미치는 마이크로파의 영향을 실험하여 마이크로파의 적정 처리 조건을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 마이크로파를 이용하여 슬러지의 탈수 효율을 향상시키기 위해서는 슬러지 부피에 따른 적정 마이크로파의 조사시간의 결정이 매우 중요하며, 적정 시간 동안 마이크로파 처리된 농축슬러지의 경우 모세흡입시간이 52.3초에서 30.8초로 저감되어 탈수성이 상당히 향상되었고, 마이크로파에 의해 개량된 농축슬러지의 압력여과 후 함수율은 81.4%로 나타났다. 또한 마이크로파와 전기로의 탈수슬러지 건조 특성을 평가한 결과, 슬러지의 함수율을 55% 이하로 건조시키는데 마이크로파 가열 방식은 3분이 소요된 반면, 전기로를 이용하여 $105^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 경우에는 40분이 소요되었고, $170^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 경우는 20분이 소요되었으며, $300^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 경우는 9분이 소요되었다. 따라서 마이크로파를 이용하여 슬러지를 건조할 경우, 기존 가열 방식보다 훨씬 효율적으로 슬러지에서 수분을 제거할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.324-329
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• 1996

두유 및 두부 공장의 부산물로 생산되는 두유박을 식이섬유원 또는 식품용 소재로 유효하게 이용하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 저장성을 증가시킬 수 있는 탈수 공정에 대한 연구를 수행하였다 유압식 양착 탈수기를 이용하여 압착 압력, 시간, 시료량 등이 탈수 효과에 미치는 영향 및 ohmic heating을 이용한 압착탈수 효과 등을 검토, 고찰하였다. 단순가압에 의한 두유박의 탈수 조건을 검토한 결과 압착 압력 $5{\sim}20kg/cm^2$ 범위에서 압착 압력이 증가할수록 탈수 효과는 거의 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 압착 실린더에 시료의 충진 두께가 15 mm이상일 때 압착 효율이 매우 낮았다 가압에 의한 압착으로는 초기 수분함량 약 80%에서 단지 $74{\sim}785$정도까지만 감소시킬 수 있어 기계적 압력만으로는 효율적으로 탈수되지 않았다. 생두유박을 $10kg/cm^2$의 압력으로 압착하면서 60Hz, 100v의 일반 교류를 통하였을 때 초기 10분 동안에 급속히 탈수되었으며, 그 이후는 간신히 탈수가 진행되었다. 교류통전 압착시 기계적 압착에 비해 압착 즙액량이 2.4배 증가하였으며, 압착 케이크의 수분 함량은 70%까지 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또한 Joule열에 의하여 두유박은 급속히 가열되어 살균 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 상용 주파수(60Hz)에서 접압을 변화시켰을 때 100V에서 가장 효과적인 탈수가 일어났으며, 60 V의 고정 전압에서 주파수 변환 시는 5kHz가 가장 효율적이었다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.2-6
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• 2004