• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.560-570
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• 2005

In this paper, a microelectrode away DNA chip was fabricated on glass slide using photolithography technology. Several probe DNAs consisting of mercaptohexyl moiety at their 5' end were immobilized on the gold electrodes by DNA arrayer utilizing the affinity between gold and sulfu. Then target DNAs were hybridized and reacted with Hoechst 33258, which is a DNA minor groove binder and electrochemically active dye. Cyclic voltammetry in 5mA ferricyanide/ferrocyanide solution at 100 mV/s confirmed the immobilization of probe DNA on the gold electrodes. Linear sweep voltammetry or cyclic voltammetry showed a difference between target DNA and control DNA in the anodic peak current values. It was derived from Hoechst 33258 concentrated at the electrode surface through association with formed hybrid. It suggested that this DNA chip could recognize the sequence specific genes. It suggested that multichannel electrochemical DNA microarray is useful to develop a portable device for clinical gene diagnostic system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2021

False smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is an important rice fungal disease that significantly decreases its production. In the recent past, conventional methods have been developed for its detection that is time-consuming and need high-cost equipments. The research and development in nanotechnology have made it possible to assemble efficient recognition interfaces in biosensors. In this study, we present a simple, sensitive, and selective oxidized graphene-based geno-biosensor for the detection of rice false smut. The biosensor has been developed using a probe DNA as a biological recognition element on paper electrodes, and oxidized graphene to enhance the limit of detection and sensitivity of the sensor. Probe single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and target ssDNA hybridization on the interface surface has been quantitatively measured with the electrochemical analysis tools namely, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry. To confirm the selectivity of the device, probe hybridization with non-complementary ssDNA target has been studied. In our study, the developed sensor was able to detect up to 10 fM of target ssDNA. The paper electrodes were employed to produce an effective and cost-effective platform for the immobilization of the DNA and can be extended to design low-cost biosensors for the detection of the other plant pathogens.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5586-5590
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 DNA 분자를 나노 소자에 응용하기 위하여, 금 전극 사이에 DNA 분자를 간단하고 효율적으로 정렬하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. DNA를 코팅한 나노소자의 제작을 위하여 $SiO_2/Si$ 기판위에 photo-lithograpy 공정에 의해 형성되어진 금 전극 위에 2-Aminoethanthiol(AET)을 코팅하였다. AET는 양전하를 띄는 $NH^{3+}$를 가지고 있어서 음전하를 띄는 DNA 분자와 정전기적 상호 작용에 의하여 강하게 결합하게 된다. 이러한 원리에 의해 AET가 코팅 되어진 금 전극(AET-금 전극) 사이에 DNA 용액을 도포함으로서 금 전극들 사이에 DNA 분자를 간단하고 효율적으로 정렬시킬 수 있다. 두 전극 사이에 정렬되어진 DNA 분자는 AFM(Atomic force microscope)을 이용하여 조사하였으며, Au 전극 위에 코팅되어지는 AET 농도 변화에 따라 두 전극 사이에 정렬되어지는 DNA-bridge가 단일 형태에서 번들 형태로 변화하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

국내에서는 공개키 기반구조(PKI, Public Key Infrastructure)를 도입하여, 온라인상에서 안전한 정보 전송과 신원확인을 위해서 인증서 기반의 전자서명 인증체계를 구축하여 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 하지만 인증의 기본이 되는 온라인상의 개인 인감 증명서라고 할 수 있는 인증서는 사용자들이 쉽게 접근하고 복사할 수 있는 위치에 저장되어 있어, PC에 설치된 악성 프로그램이이나 웹 계정 해킹 등과 같은 공격에 의해 유출 될 수 있는 위험이 존재한다. 또한 개인키 패스워드는 키보드보안기능을 무력화 시킨 후 로깅 툴 등에 의해서 노출될 수 있기 때문에 인증서 파일이 유출되는 경우, 금전적인 피해와 불법 인증을 통한 사회적인 범죄가 발생할 수 있는 위험이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 인증서와 개인키 파일 유출로 인한 피해를 예방하기 위해 해당 키 파일들을 Device에 의존적인 키로 암호화함으로서 안전하게 저장하고, 유출 되더라도 다른 Device에서 사용할 수 없도록 하는 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.582-587
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• 2002

Current information storage devices, such as HDD, CD/DVD-ROM/RW, probe-based memory and hologram memory, are compared with biological information storage mechanisms in DNA and brain memory. Newly developed approaches to overcome the limit of storage capacity are introduced in both magnetic and optical recording devices. Linear and areal density of information stored in the biological and mechanical storages are compared for the applications and developments of new storage devices.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2008

We present a novel microcantilever device with nano-interdigitated electrodes (nano-IDEs) and DNA selective immobilization on the nano-IDEs for biosensing applications. Using the nano-IDEs and cyclic voltammetric methods, we have achieved selective immobilization of DNA with submicrometer spatial resolution on a freestanding microcantilever. $70{\sim}500\;nm$-wide gold (Au) nano-IDEs are fabricated on a low-stress SiNx microcantilever with dimensions of $100{\sim}600\;{\mu}m$ in length, and $15{\sim}60\;{\mu}m$ in width, with a $0.5\;{\mu}m$ thickness using electron beam lithography and bulk micromachining. Streptavidin is selectively deposited on one side of the nano-IDEs using cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s with a range of $-0.2{\sim}0.7\;V$ during $1{\sim}5$ cycles. The selective deposition of dsDNA is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy after labeling with YOYO-1 dye.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2011년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.38 No.1(C)
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• pp.202-205
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• 2011

본 논문은 DNA 특성분석 기능을 수행하는 전기영동 장치와 분석결과 해석 기능을 수행하는 젤닥 장치를 통합한 장치를 제안하였다. 이들 두 기능을 독립적으로 수행하는 기존의 시스템은 바이오 전문가의 중간 개입 작업이 필요하며 경험치에 의존하는 검사의 부적황성, 높은 오염가능성, 긴 검사시간 등의 한계점을 가지고 있다. 기존 장비에서 독립적으로 수행하던 두 기능을 동시에 수행하도록 하여, 현 시스템의 한계점들을 개선 할 수 있는 장치를 제안하고 구현하였다. 한편 기존에는 완료된 최종 결과 영상 한 장만을 획득 할 수 있었던 것에 반해 특성분석 중에 결과 영상을 실시간으로 모니터링할 수 있어서 DNA 특성 분석의 성공 여부를 조기에 판단할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1026-1033
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• 2022

This study presents a novel DNA part characterization technique that increases throughput by combinatorial DNA part assembly, solid plate-based quantitative fluorescence assay for phenotyping, and barcode tagging-based long-read sequencing for genotyping. We confirmed that the fluorescence intensities of colonies on plates were comparable to fluorescence at the single-cell level from a high-end, flow-cytometry device and developed a high-throughput image analysis pipeline. The barcode tagging-based long-read sequencing technique enabled rapid identification of all DNA parts and their combinations with a single sequencing experiment. Using our techniques, forty-four DNA parts (21 promoters and 23 RBSs) were successfully characterized in 72 h without any automated equipment. We anticipate that this high-throughput and easy-to-use part characterization technique will contribute to increasing part diversity and be useful for building genetic circuits and metabolic pathways in synthetic biology.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.482-483
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• 2011

Graphene is a good candidate for the future nano-electronic materials because it has excellent conductivity, mobility, transparency, flexibility and others. Until now, most graphene researches are focused on the nano electronic device applications, however, biological application of graphene has been relatively less reported. We have fabricated a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) conjugated graphene field-effect transistor (FET) and measured the electrical transport characteristics. We have used graphene sheets grown on Ni substrates by chemical vapour deposition. The Raman spectra of graphene sheets indicate high quality and only a few number of layers. The synthesized graphene is transferred on top of the substrate with pre-patterned electrodes by the floating-and-scooping method [1]. Then we applied adhesive tapes on the surface of the graphene to define graphene flakes of a few micron sizes near the electrodes. The current-voltage characteristic of the graphene layer before stripping shows linear zero gate bias conductance and no gate operation. After stripping, the zero gate bias conductance of the device is reduced and clear gate operation is observed. The change of FET characteristics before and after stripping is due to the formation of a micron size graphene flake. After combined with 30 base pairs single-stranded poly(dT) DNA molecules, the conductance and gate operation of the graphene flake FETs become slightly smaller than that of the pristine ones. It is considered that DNA is to be stably binding to the graphene layer due to the ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interaction between nucleic bases and the surface of graphene. And this binding can modulate the electrical transport properties of graphene FETs. We also calculate the field-effect mobility of pristine and DNA conjugated graphene FET devices.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.292-292
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• 2016

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with a two-dimensional layered structure have been considered highly promising materials for next-generation flexible, wearable, stretchable and transparent devices due to their unique physical, electrical and optical properties. Recent studies on TMD devices have focused on developing a suitable doping technique because precise control of the threshold voltage ($V_{TH}$) and the number of tightly-bound trions are required to achieve high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices, respectively. In particular, it is critical to develop an ultra-low level doping technique for the proper design and optimization of TMD-based devices because high level doping (about $10^{12}cm^{-2}$) causes TMD to act as a near-metallic layer. However, it is difficult to apply an ion implantation technique to TMD materials due to crystal damage that occurs during the implantation process. Although safe doping techniques have recently been developed, most of the previous TMD doping techniques presented very high doping levels of ${\sim}10^{12}cm^{-2}$. Recently, low-level n- and p-doping of TMD materials was achieved using cesium carbonate ($Cs_2CO_3$), octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), and M-DNA, but further studies are needed to reduce the doping level down to an intrinsic level. Here, we propose a novel DNA-based doping method on $MoS_2$ and $WSe_2$ films, which enables ultra-low n- and p-doping control and allows for proper adjustments in device performance. This is achieved by selecting and/or combining different types of divalent metal and trivalent lanthanide (Ln) ions on DNA nanostructures. The available n-doping range (${\Delta}n$) on the $MoS_2$ by Ln-DNA (DNA functionalized by trivalent Ln ions) is between $6{\times}10^9cm^{-2}$ and $2.6{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$, which is even lower than that provided by pristine DNA (${\sim}6.4{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$). The p-doping change (${\Delta}p$) on $WSe_2$ by Ln-DNA is adjusted between $-1.0{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$ and $-2.4{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$. In the case of Co-DNA (DNA functionalized by both divalent metal and trivalent Ln ions) doping where $Eu^{3+}$ or $Gd^{3+}$ ions were incorporated, a light p-doping phenomenon is observed on $MoS_2$ and $WSe_2$ (respectively, negative ${\Delta}n$ below $-9{\times}10^9cm^{-2}$ and positive ${\Delta}p$ above $1.4{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$) because the added $Cu^{2+}$ ions probably reduce the strength of negative charges in Ln-DNA. However, a light n-doping phenomenon (positive ${\Delta}n$ above $10^{10}cm^{-2}$ and negative ${\Delta}p$ below $-1.1{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$) occurs in the TMD devices doped by Co-DNA with $Tb^{3+}$ or $Er^{3+}$ ions. A significant (factor of ~5) increase in field-effect mobility is also observed on the $MoS_2$ and $WSe_2$ devices, which are, respectively, doped by $Tb^{3+}$-based Co-DNA (n-doping) and $Gd^{3+}$-based Co-DNA (p-doping), due to the reduction of effective electron and hole barrier heights after the doping. In terms of optoelectronic device performance (photoresponsivity and detectivity), the $Tb^{3+}$ or $Er^{3+}$-Co-DNA (n-doping) and the $Eu^{3+}$ or $Gd^{3+}$-Co-DNA (p-doping) improve the $MoS_2$ and $WSe_2$ photodetectors, respectively.