• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

Although not many older Korean parents who take care of children with intellectual disabilities have been reported depression due to care-giving related stresses, little is known about how they could be protected from this. This study examines whether satisfaction with family relationships moderate the relationships between time demands, caregiving stress, and depression of older parents who take care of children with intellectual disabilities. The analyses were conducted based on data from the Korean National Survey on Individuals with Developmental Disabilities and their Families of 2011, and only a total of 276 parents, aged over 60 were examined. Multiple regression analysis shows that older parents with higher level of satisfaction with family relationships were less likely to be influenced by time demands of care-giving. This indicates that satisfaction with family relationships could buffer the relationships between time demands of care-giving, and depression. This finding suggests that satisfaction with family relationships is a protective factor, buffering the negative effects of time demands of care-giving and depression. This supports 'socio-emotional selectivity theory' which family relationships are important to older people. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop practical intervention that can improve the level of satisfaction of family relationship of the older parents, and to make policy and institutional supplementation.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.567-586
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• 2021

This study explored what latent classes appear according to the combination of Belief in a Just World (BJW) and social class of middle-aged adults, and examined whether there are differences in career transiton, perceiving a calling, and working as meaning in each class and what characteristics they have. 224 middle-aged people who experienced turnover through online and offline were surveyed and analyzed by Latent Profile Analysis. The participants were divided into 5 latent classes such as; 'Relative self-satisfaction', 'Social contentment', 'Relative deprived', 'Fairness trust' and 'Fairness distrust'. According to the results of MANOVA analysis to figure out if there are differences in career transitions, perceiving a calling, and working as meaning depending on latent classes, significant differences were appeared among latent classes. Finally, multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic characteristics and 'decent work' affect the latent group classification. As a result, the more 'decent work', the higher the probability of belonging to the class with high BJW and social class. On the basis of the results of this study, the implications on the case conceptualization and counseling strategy for adults focusing on BJW and Social class in adults and future research were discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.349-356
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• 2022

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a invasive migratory pest of native to the tropical and sub-tropical regions that has recently invaded Korea with damage to cornfield. The study was conducted to investigate the development periods of S. frugiperda on artificial diet at six different temperatures. The developmental period from eggs to adult at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 32℃ was 79.8, 54.2, 34.3, 28.4, 24.6 and 24.0 days, respectivery and decreased with increasing temperature. The pupal periods of females were shorter than males. Most of the larvae developed through six instar, but the ratio of 7 or more instar increased at low temperatures. The relationship between the development rate and temperature was fitted with by linear regression analysis. The lower development threshold for egg and larva development was 12.9℃ and 11.3℃, respectively, 12.6℃ for pupae and 11.8℃ for egg-to-adult development. The effective accumulative temperature for the development of the respective life cycle stages were 37.0 DD for eggs, 286.3 DD for larvae, 132.2 DD for pupae and 456.8 DD egg-to-adult development.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between premonitory urge, tic severity, and comorbidities in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders. Methods : In this study, scales for tic symptoms, premonitory urge, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and ADHD symptoms were repeatedly measured twice in 26 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with chronic tic disorders. Correlations between scales were confirmed through repeated measures correlation analysis, and causal relationships between scales were confirmed through regression analysis using a linear mixed model. Results : The degree of premonitory urges showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of tic symptoms, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the severity of ADHD symptoms. The ADHD symptoms showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of tic symptoms. These results were the same even in children and adolescents with tic disorders who were not diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, premonitory urges were found to have a significant positive effect on the severity of tic symptoms. Conclusions : These results may be helpful in treating tic disorders and can be used in future tic disorder research considering developmental trajectory.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.5_2
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• pp.699-708
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• 2017

The present study was to develop an approach for predicting soybean yield using a crop growth simulation model at the regional level where the detailed and site-specific information on cultivation management practices is not easily accessible for model input. CROPGRO-Soybean model included in Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) was employed for this study, and Illinois which is a major soybean production region of USA was selected as a study region. As a first step to predict soybean yield of Illinois using CROPGRO-Soybean model, genetic coefficients representative for each soybean maturity group (MG I~VI) were estimated through sowing date experiments using domestic and foreign cultivars with diverse maturity in Seoul National University Farm ($37.27^{\circ}N$, $126.99^{\circ}E$) for two years. The model using the representative genetic coefficients simulated the developmental stages of cultivars within each maturity group fairly well. Soybean yields for the grids of $10km{\times}10km$ in Illinois state were simulated from 2,000 to 2,011 with weather data under 18 simulation conditions including the combinations of three maturity groups, three seeding dates and two irrigation regimes. Planting dates and maturity groups were assigned differently to the three sub-regions divided longitudinally. The yearly state yields that were estimated by averaging all the grid yields simulated under non-irrigated and fully-Irrigated conditions showed a big difference from the statistical yields and did not explain the annual trend of yield increase due to the improved cultivation technologies. Using the grain yield data of 9 agricultural districts in Illinois observed and estimated from the simulated grid yield under 18 simulation conditions, a multiple regression model was constructed to estimate soybean yield at agricultural district level. In this model a year variable was also added to reflect the yearly yield trend. This model explained the yearly and district yield variation fairly well with a determination coefficients of $R^2=0.61$ (n = 108). Yearly state yields which were calculated by weighting the model-estimated yearly average agricultural district yield by the cultivation area of each agricultural district showed very close correspondence ($R^2=0.80$) to the yearly statistical state yields. Furthermore, the model predicted state yield fairly well in 2012 in which data were not used for the model construction and severe yield reduction was recorded due to drought.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

Changes in luteinizing hormone (LH), serum testosterone (T), and salivary T levels with age were examined in Korean men. Serum was obtained from 167 Korean men of different ages ($20{\sim}69\;y$), and the serum LH and T levels were measured. Saliva samples were also obtained, and the salivary T level was determined. The LH levels did not change considerably until 40 y of age (20s, $2.5{\pm}1.0$; 30s, $2.7{\pm}1.5$; and 40s, $2.5{\pm}1.8\;mIU/mL$) but increased significantly around 50 y (50s, $3.7{\pm}1.8$ and 60s, $3.1{\pm}1.7\;mIU/mL$). Further, the serum T levels also did not change until 40 y of age (20s, $5.3{\pm}2.6$, 30s, $4.4{\pm}1.4$, 40s, $4.1{\pm}1.5\;ng/mL$) but decreased significantly at 50 y (50s, $3.4{\pm}1.5$; 60s, $2.6{\pm}0.8\;ng/mL$). The salivary T levels also showed small changes until the age of 40 y ($20s{\sim}40s$, $0.11{\pm}0.015\;ng/mL$) but decreased significantly at 50 y ($0.08{\pm}0.03\;ng/mL$). Thus, the relative ratio of salivary T to serum T levels did not change significantly in all the ages examined ($2.4{\pm}0.9%$). Linear regression analysis predicted that the LH levels increased 1.5%/y while the serum and salivary T levels decreased 1%/y and 0.8%/y, respectively. The serum T/LH ratio did not change considerably until the age of 40 y ($20s{\sim}40s$, $2.27{\pm}0.14$) but decreased significantly ($1.2{\pm}1.0$) at 50 y. Age-related changes in the salivary T/LH ratio were very similar to those in the serum T/LH ratio. These results demonstrated that LH and T levels in serum or saliva did not change considerably until 40 y of age; instead, in Korean men, from 50 y of age, the LH level increased, while the T level decreased. This suggests that primary testicular failure that occurred due to aging (approximately 50 y) and caused this phenomenon. The present study also shows that the salivary T level can be an indicator of the free T level in serum although the salivary T level correlates weakly with the total T level in serum (r=0.53). Thus, information regarding salivary T levels may be useful for studying the age-related changes occurring in male testicular physiology.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

Purpose : To determine incidence, characteristics and risk factors associated with intrauterine intraventricular hemorrhage(IU-IVH) among premature infants. Methods : The medical records of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center from January 1999 to June 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Infants whose IVH with cystic change were detected within five days of life were defined as the IU-IVH group. The control group included those without any IVH. Various maternal and neonatal factors were evaluated between the IU-IVH and control groups, and risk factors for IU-IVH were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : The incidence of IU-IVH was 49/1024(15.9%). Mothers who are younger, primiparous, use less antenatal steroid, and neonates with greater incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, had higher incidences of IU-IVH compared to neonates with normal neurosonography. Risk factors associated with IU-IVH included neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and placenta infarct by placenta biopsy. Most infants with IU-IVH were ${\geq}1,501g$, ${\geq}34$ weeks gestational age and had low grade IVH. The size of the cysts associated with IU-IVH remained the same or disappeared in 96 %. IU-IVH does not seem to affect short-term neurodevelopmental outcome although a longer period of follow-up is needed. Conculusion : IU-IVH occurred mostly in ${\geq}1,501g$, ${\geq}34$ weeks infants with grade I IVH without developmental delays. However, the high incidence of total IVH merits more attention in terms of awareness of its existence as an unusual IVH among premature infants.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

A 12-year-old girl with a 6 year history of childhood-onset schizophrenia required 2 hospitalizations and long-term clozapine trial due to inadequate responses to combinations of typical neuroleptics and traditional treatments of schizophrenic disorder. On admission, she had continuous auditory and visual hallucinations, persecutory delusion, emotional instability, regression of behaviors including temper tantrums as well as specific developmental delays in learning, language, and motor coordination. The clozapine trial significantly reduced most of the positive symptoms, and facilitated in successful discharge from the hospital. During the 4 year clozapine treatment, no significant adverse reactions were noted, and she returned to a structured school setting with minimal degrees of schizophrenic symptoms. From this clinical experience, we suggest that clozapine might be safe and effective in treating treatment-refractory schizophrenic children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.278-287
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• 2009

The study find out developmental factors of the liver diseases in 29,531 subject of the healthy adults who diagnosed by using ultrasound at healthcare centers located at 6 cities around the nation. The results are as follows. Based on the result of the study, the liver diseases diagnosed by using ultrasound revealed to show 43.1％ of prevalence, and the occurrence was significantly higher in male(23.3％) than in female (19.8％)(p<0.001). The disease revealed to show highest prevalence rate in regionally, Dae-jeon was found to record the highest prevalence by showing 49.6％ (p<0.001). The order of liver disease prevalence was the highest in Dae-jeon(49.6%),which was followed by Seoul(48.2%), Busan(42.9%), Incheon(36.2%), Daegu(36.2%), Kangju(32.1%)(p<0.001). The order of hepatic disease prevalence was the highest in fatty liver (69.7％), which was followed by intrahepatic cysts (13.2％), intrahepatic calcification (9.6％), intrahepatic hemangioma (4.5％), intrahepatic tumor (1.4％), diffuse liver disease (1.0％),and liver cirrhosis (0.5％) (p<0.001). The liver disease revealed to show highest prevalence rate in 40s and regionally, disease was found to record the highest prevalence from 30s to 50s (p<0.001). The distribution of the liver diseases by sex revealed to show the higher occurrence of the fatty liver and the diffuse liver diseases in male, but the intrahepatic cysts, intrahepatic calcification and intrahepatic tumors were highly distributed in female. In the regional evaluation, the fatty liver was most often found in Busan, and intrahepatic cysts, intrahepatic hemangioma, intrahepatic calcification and intrahepatic tumors were highly found in Dae-jeon and Seoul revealed to show higher occurrence of diffuse liver disease than other regions (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis for the related factors which affect the prevalence of the liver diseases resulted to show the higher prevalence by age. sex,

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2017

Although alternative test methods based on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) are being developed to replace animal testing in reproductive and developmental toxicology, they are still in an early stage. Consequently, we aimed to develop alternative test methods in male animals using mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs). Here, we modified the OECD TG 489 and optimized the in vitro comet assay in our previous study. This study aimed to verify the validity of in vitro tests involving mSSCs by comparing their results with those of in vivo tests using C57BL/6 mice by gavage. We selected hydroxyurea (HU), which is known to chemically induce male reproductive toxicity. The 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of HU was 0.9 mM, as determined by the MTT assay. In the in vitro comet assay, % tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) after HU administration increased significantly, compared to the control. Annexin V, PI staining and TUNEL assays showed that HU caused apoptosis in mSSCs. In order to compare in vitro tests with in vivo tests, the same substances were administered to male C57BL/6 mice. Reproductive toxicity was observed at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day as measured by clinical measures of reduction in sperm motility and testicular weight. The comet assay, DCFH-DA assay, H&E staining, and TUNEL assay were also performed. The results of the test with C57BL/6 mice were similar to those with mSSCs for HU treatment. Finally, linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between results of in vitro tests and those of in vivo. In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate the effect of HU-induced DNA damage, ROS formation, and apoptosis in mSSCs. Further, the results of the current study suggest that mSSCs could be a useful model to predict male reproductive toxicity.