• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1983

The authors reared the ash-gray leaf bug, Piesma maculata in the growth cabinet controlled as temperature groups of $15, 20, 25, 30, 40^{\circ}C$under condition of photoperiod 16L:8D, light intensity $510{\pm}240$ lus, relative humidity $65{\pm}3%$, and analyzed the effects of temperature on the development of the insect. The results are summarized as follow: There are highly significant differences the developmental periods for the temperature groups, and between the developmental periods for the developmental stages. The egg in the temperature of 15 and $40^{\circ}C$ was hatched, but the ecdysis was impossible. The thermal threshold was $12.34^{\circ}C$and the upper lethal temperature $40.39^{\circ}C$. The total developmental periods of egg to adulate in the temperature of 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$are 40.52, 22.37, 15.91 and 13.00 days, respectively. That is, the developmental period was decreased, as the temperature was increased. In the developmental period for the developmental stages, the developmental period of egg stage was longer than that of 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, and that of 25。C was longer than that of $35^{\circ}C$. But ther was not significant differences between the developmental periods for the other temperature group. The rate of hatch at$20^{\circ}C$is the greater value as 90%, and the rates of 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ are 79, 79 and 67%, respectively. That is the rate of hatch was decreased, as the temperature was increased. The mortality in the temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ is the greatest value as 68%, and those of 30, 25 and $20^{\circ}C$are 59, 59 and 41%, respectively. That is, the mortality was increased, as the temperature was increased. There was not significantly differences between the developmental period of female and male.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

The studies on the carried out to investigate to determine the optimum thawing temperature and equilibration time and 1 step straw method of frozen bovine embryos. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 10 IU/ml PMSG(Sigma, USA), 10 IU/ml hCG(Sigma, USA), 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml $\beta$-estradiol(Sigma, USA) and 10% FCS for 24~48 hrs in incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 12~18 hrs with motile capacitated sperm by preincubation of heparin. The bovine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and various concentration of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 3$0^{\circ}C$ water. Survival and in vitro developmental rate was defined as developmental rate on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as followes : 1. The equilibration time on in vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5~5 min.) in the freezing medium higher than long period of time (10~20 min.). 2. The temperature thawed at 3$0^{\circ}C$ after rapid freezing of bovine embryos resulted in a significantly higher in vitro developmental rate than did at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. 3. The thawing time on in vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(1~5 min.) in the freezing mediuim higher than long period of time(10min.). 4. The in vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos after rapid frozen-thawing by 1 step straw method in the freezing medium added 1.5M, 2.0M glycerol, DMSO, propanediol and 0.25M, 0.50M, 0.75M, 1.00M sucrose were 12.5~19.4%, 10.0~15.6%, 9.1~13.8% and 6.7~12.9%, respectively.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 어릴 때부터 대학생시절까지 성장하면서 각 시기별로 읽는 도서의 양 사이에는 어느정도의 상관관계가 있는지, 또 각 자료별 상관관계는 어떠한지에 대하여 밝히는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 설문지를 활용한 서베이 연구방법을 사용하여 시기별 자료별 독서량 등을 조사하고 통계처리 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 대체로 특정시기의 일반도서 독서량은 다른 시기의 일반도서 독서량과 상관관계가 높다. 2) 특정시기의 만화 독서량은 다른 시기의 만화 독서량과 상관관계가 높다. 3) 특정 시기의 잡지 독서량은 다른 시기의 잡지 독서량과 상관관계가 높다. 4) 중학교 재학시의 자료별 독서량과 고등학교 재학시의 자료별 독서량 간의 상관관계가 높다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.445-460
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 여학생들이 어릴 때부터 여고생 시절까지 성장하면서 각 시기별로 읽는 도서의 양 사이에는 어느 정도의 상관관계가 있는지, 또 각 자료유형별 상관관계는 어떠한지에 대하여 밝히고 이 결과를 대학생들을 대상으로 한 연구내용과 비교하여 신뢰성 있는 이론을 창출하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 설문지를 활용한 서베이 연구방법을 사용하여 성장시기별 자료유형별 독서량 등을 조사하고 통계처리 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 특정 시기에 특정 매체(일반도서, 만화, 잡지)를 많이 이용하면 다른 시기에도 동일 매체를 많이 이용할 가능성이 높고 어린 시절 만화의 독서량이 많은 학생들은 상급학교에서 일반도서를 읽을 가능성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.201-204
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• 1985

The author reared the bandwinged grasshoppers, Oedaleus infernalis infernalis in the growth cabinet controlled as temperature of 25。C and 30。C under the conditiion of photoperiod 16L:8D, light intensity 510$\pm$240lux, relative humidity 65$\pm$3%. The results are summarized as follows: The female has six instars and male five instars. The larva reared in the temperature of 25。C died at the second larva stage, and the development to the third instar was impossible. The developmental periods of the egg stage of both sexes in the 30。C are 24.06 days. In the larval development periods, the fourth statge (19.73 days) was longer than that of any stage, and the second stage has the shortest period (9.9 days) in female. In male, the developmental period (9.59 days). The total developmental periods of female and male from the egg to the fifth instar were approximately 95.02 and 95.04 days, respectively. The total developmental period of female was as long as the period (15.75 days) of sixth instar which is not in the male. The survivorship curve in the temperature of 30。C shows concave type.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2002년도 전기 제14차 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.51-51
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• 2002

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2001

The background control data were compiled from rat developmental toxicity studies con-ducted at Toxicology Research Center, KRICT during the 1993-1999 period. These data were assembled in order to provide background in formation for the maternal and fetal data collected in 13 developmental toxicity studies using Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 325 mated females were used in these studies during the seven-year period and overall pregnancy rate of these females was 93.8%. The present background control data included body weights, food consumption, hematological values, and organ weights of pregnant females, caesarean section data, and fetal examination data. These data can be used not only as a historical database for the meaningful interpretation of data from reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, but also as a contribution to biological characterization oj Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.242-251
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• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine for a prolonged period, and its pharmacological effects have been extensively investigated. In addition, Angelica gigas and deer antlers were also used as a tonic medicine with Korean Red Ginseng as the oriental herbal therapy. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxicological effect of KGC-HJ3, Korean Red Ginseng with angelica gigas and deer antlers, on reproductive and developmental functions including fertility, early embryonic development, maternal function, and embryo-fetal development. KGC-HJ3 was administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats (22 animals per sex per group) at dose levels of 0 mg/kg (control), 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg to evaluate the potential toxicological effect on fertility and early embryonic development. In addition, KGC-HJ3 was also administered by oral gavage to mating-proven Sprague-Dawley rats (22 females per group) during the major organogenesis period at dose levels of 0 mg/kg (control), 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg to evaluate the potential toxicological effect on maternal function and embryo-fetal development. Results and conclusion: No test item-related changes in parameters for fertility, early embryonic development, maternal function, and embryo-fetal development were observed during the study period. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that KGC-HJ3 did not have toxicological potential on developmental and reproductive functions. Therefore, no observed adverse effect levels of KGC-HJ3 for fertility, early embryonic development, maternal function, and embryo-fetal development is considered to be at least 2000 mg/kg/day.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.613-618
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Iron deficiency in early life is associated with developmental problems, which may persist until later in life. The question of whether iron repletion after developmental iron deficiency could restore iron homeostasis is not well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the changes of iron transporters after iron depletion during the gestational-neonatal period and iron repletion during the post-weaning period. MATERIALS/METHODS: Pregnant rats were provided iron-deficient (< 6 ppm Fe) or control (36 ppm Fe) diets from gestational day 2. At weaning, pups from iron-deficient dams were fed either iron-deficient (ID group) or control (IDR group) diets for 4 week. Pups from control dams were continued to be fed with the control diet throughout the study period (CON). RESULTS: Compared to the CON, ID rats had significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrits in the blood and significantly lower tissue iron in the liver and spleen. Hepatic hepcidin and BMP6 mRNA levels were also strongly down-regulated in the ID group. Developmental iron deficiency significantly increased iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) in the duodenum, but decreased DMT1 in the liver. Dietary iron repletion restored the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit to a normal range, but the tissue iron levels and hepatic hepcidin mRNA levels were significantly lower than those in the CON group. Both FPN and DMT1 protein levels in the liver and in the duodenum were not different between the IDR and the CON. By contrast, DMT1 in the spleen was significantly lower in the IDR, compared to the CON. The splenic FPN was also decreased in the IDR more than in the CON, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that iron transporter proteins in the duodenum, liver and spleen are differentially regulated during developmental iron deficiency. Also, post-weaning iron repletion efficiently restores iron transporters in the duodenum and the liver but not in the spleen, which suggests that early-life iron deficiency may cause long term abnormalities in iron recycling from the spleen.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Background: The advantages of robotic therapy have recently been attempted several times in the rehabilitation of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. Therefore, this study also aims to report a case of how robot therapy affects the function of THA patients due to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Design: Case Study. Method: This study used the A-B-A' design. Period A is before robotic therapy, period B is robotic therapy, and period A' is after robotic therapy. The subjects performed physical therapy and occupational therapy for five days each during the baseline period A and A'. In intervention period B, robotic therapy was performed for five days along with the baseline intervention. This study was conducted for a total of fifteen days. The subjects' sit to stand (STS), timed up and go (TUG), and 10 metre walk (10MW) were evaluated. Result:: STS and TUG were significantly improved in periods B and A' compared to period A (p<0.05), and STS was significantly improved in period A' compared to period B (p<0.05). 10MW showed no significant improvement in periods B and A' compared to period A. Conclusions: This study confirmed that robot therapy was an effective intervention in improving the function of women in their 30s who underwent THA due to DDH. In the future, a study comparing the control group should be performed.