• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2010

Objective: Vitrification requires a high concentration of cyroprotectant (CPA) and an elevated cooling speed to avoid ice crystal formation. We have evaluated the effect of different combinations of cooling rate and CPA on embryonic integrity (developmental competence) in order to increase the efficiency of vitrification without impairing embryo viabilit. We hypothesized that the combination of CPA or the increase of cooling rates can reduce the concentration of toxic CPA for vitrification. As consequently, we performed experiments to evaluate the effect of various composition of CPA or slush nitrogen ($SN_2$) on the mouse embryonic development following vitrification using low CPA concentration. Methods: Vitrification of mouse embryos was performed with EM grid using liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) or $SN_2$ and different composition of CPAs, ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). After vitrification-warming process, their survival and blastocyst formation rates were examined. For analyzing long-term effect, these blastocysts were transferred into the uterus of foster mothers. Results: Survival and blastocyst formation rates of vitrified embryos were higher in EG+DMSO group than those in EG only. Furthermor, the group using $SN_2$ with a lower CPA concentration showed a higher survival of embryos and developmental rates than group using $LN_2$. Conclusion: The combination of EG and DMSO as CPAs may enhance the survival of mouse embryos and further embryonic development after vitrification. $SN_2$ can generate high survival and developmental rate of vitrified/warmed mouse embryos when a lower concentration of CPA was applied. Therefore, these systems may contribute in the improvement of cryopreservation for fertility preservation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.552-564
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• 2017

This study is aimed to overcome the limitation of traditional learning competence and career management system, and conducted to design the function of integrated ePortfolio and the elements of the system for administrative control of curricular and extracurricular program of the university as well as to develop a printout-based prototype in the context of S-university. Researchers deducted the main menus and functions of the integrated ePortfolio by two experts validification procedures, searched for the subfunctions, and secured their validity. Mainly 6 elements of integrated ePortfolio system are designed as follows: basic information, learning and competence management, course and career management, portfolio management, and community. Among these, the three elements of learning and competence, course and career, and portfolio management are assessed as excellent and differentiated from traditional ePortfolios. The study also developed a printout-based prototype of ePortfolio system and provided authentic guide for the ePortfolio system. At the same time, the result of the study contributed to increasing the sense of the developmental direction of the ePortfolio in the institute.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

Biotechnologies for cloning animals and in vitro embryo production have the potential to produce biomedical models for various researches. Especially, pigs are a suitable model for xenotransplantation, transgenic production and various areas of reproductive research due to its physiological similarities to human. However, utilization of in vitro-produced embryos for transfer remains limited. Despite improvement over past few decades, obstacles associated with the production of good quality embryos in vitro still exist which limit the efficiency of cloning. One of major problems includes improper in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC). Oxidative stress caused from in vitro culture conditions contributes to inadequate IVM and IVC which leads to poor developmental competence of oocytes, failure of fertilization and embryo development. To reduce the oxidative stress, various antioxidants have been used to IVM and IVC system. However, limited information is available on the effects of resveratrol on livestock reproductions. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic natural product and well known as an antioxidant in foods and beverages (e.g. in grapes and red wine). Resveratrol is known to be cardioprotective, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic. This paper will review the effects of resveratrol on in vitro maturation of oocytes and embryo development.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2000

The mammalian ovary has a large number of primordial and preantral follicles, which are a potential source of oocytes for the in vitro mass production of embryos. Several in vitro culture systems have been developed to support the growth and development of oocytes from mouse preantral follicles. Under the appropriate condition, meiotically incompetent oocytes from preantral follicles can grow to final size and complete nuclear maturation in vitro. Furthermore, the successful production of live young from in vitro grown and matured oocytes demonstrates that oocytes from preantral follicles are able to acquire full developmental capacity in vitro. However, the efficiency of in vitro production of embryos from mouse preantral follicles is still low. In farm animals as well as human, the growth of oocyte from preantral follicle to the meiotic competence stage has yet to be demonstrate. Therefore, further studies to improve the culture condition or to develope new culture system should be needed in the future. In addition, the visible progress in the establishment of the in vitro culture system for preantral follicles of farm animals and human could help to enlarge the populations of valuable agricultural, phamaceutical product-producing, and endangered animals, and to rescue the oocytes of women about to undergo clinical procedures that jeopardize oocytes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.315-317
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• 2015

In vitro culture of murine embryos is an important step for in vitro production systems including in vitro fertilization and generations of genetically engineered mice. M16 is widely used commercialized culture media for the murine embryos. Compared to other media such as potassium simplex optimization medium, commercial M16 (Sigma) media lacks of amino acid, glutamine and antibiotics. In the present study, we optimized M16 based embryo culture system using commercialized antibiotics-glutamine or amino acids supplements. In vivo derived murine zygote were M16 media were supplemented with commercial Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine solution (PSG; Gibco) or MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids solution (NEAA; Gibco) as experimental design. Addition of PSG did not improved cleavage and blastocyst rates. On the other hand, cleavage rate is not different between control and NEAA treated group, however, blastocyst formation is significantly (P<0.05) improved in NEAA treated group. Developmental competence between PSG and NEAA treated groups were also compared. Between two groups, cleavage rate was similar. However, blastocyst formation rate is significantly improved in NEAA treated group. Taken together, beneficial effect of NEAA on murine embryos development was confirmed. Effect of antibiotics and glutamine addition to M16 media is still not clear in the study.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2008

The ability to preselect the sex of piglets is advantageous in the pig industry. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with sorted spermatozoa to produce piglets with a preselected sex. Pig embryos were produced by ICSI of frozen X- and Y-sperm that had been separated by flow cytometry. The developmental competence of the embryos was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The populations of X- and Y-spermatozoa were 52.7% and 47.3%, respectively in our samples. The in vitro development of ICSI embryos was enhanced by longer of in vitro maturation of oocytes ($44{\sim}48\;h$ vs. $40{\sim}43\;h$). Their cleavage ($65{\sim}70%$) and blastocyst formation ($9{\sim}12%$) rates were not significantly different between male and female ICSI embryos, or between sorted and unsorted sperm-derived embryos. One pregnancy was established in a recipient that was transferred with 110 female ICSI embryos, but the pregnancy was terminated on Day 89 of gestation. Our results suggest that the separation X- and Y-spermatozoa by flow cytometric sorting can be a useful tool in combination with ICSI for the production of pig embryos and piglets of preselected sex.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.20-34
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• 2010

Purpose: These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang on ovarian functions in female mice. Methods: We administered the Palmulgunjatang gamibang to 6-week-old female CF-1 mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. After administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang with different concentration, the female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. The mice were divided into 3 different groups for each experiment. To compare the differences, we set a control group treated with plain water at the same volume by the same way. Results: In case of 4-day, 8-day, 12-day administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang, the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes were increased compared with control group. We were also examined the embryonic developmental competence in vitro. In case of 4-day administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang, the rates of blastocyst formation from 2-cell stages were higher than control group. Conclusion: From our results suggested that the medication of Palmulgunjatang gamibang has beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via promotion of cell proliferation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.78-79
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• 2005

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.24.1-24.14
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• 2017

Over the past decades, in vitro culture media have been developed to successfully support IVF embryo growth in a variety of species. Advanced reproductive technologies, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), challenge us with a new type of embryo, with special nutritional requirements and altered physiology under in vitro conditions. Numerous studies have successfully reconstructed cloned embryos of domestic animals for biomedical research and livestock production. However, studies evaluating suitable culture conditions for SCNT embryos in wildlife species are scarce (for both intra- and interspecies SCNT). Most of the existing studies derive from previous IVF work done in conventional domestic species. Extrapolation to non-domestic species presents significant challenges since we lack information on reproductive processes and embryo development in most wildlife species. Given the challenges in adapting culture media and conditions from IVF to SCNT embryos, developmental competence of SCNT embryos remains low. This review summarizes research efforts to tailor culture media to SCNT embryos and explore the different outcomes in diverse species. It will also consider how these culture media protocols have been extrapolated to wildlife species, most particularly using SCNT as a cutting-edge technical resource to assist in the preservation of endangered species.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to propose the developmental direction of study related to nursing practice education by grasping the trend of study in fundamental and clinical practice. Method: A total of 48 research articles which were published on nursing practice education in Korea from 2002 to 2009 were analyzed with structured analysis forms. Result: Most research was related to clinical practice (n=40). A high percentage of non-experimental research design was related to fundamental practice (75%) and clinical practice (65%). Qualitative research was only used in clinical practice (n=8). Nursing students were predominantly selected as an object of research in fundamental practice (n=6) and clinical practice (n=32). In addition, many of the areas in clinical practice were a general clinical setting without any classification of the specific area. The concepts of research in fundamental practice were related to competency in basic nursing skill and most concepts of research in clinical practice were associated with satisfaction, stress, experience, critical thinking and problem solving ability of the nursing student. Conclusion: There's something to be desired in nursing research related to instructor methods, teaching-learning methods and nursing education programs. Therefore, more specific and continuous research focused on these topics to improve clinical nursing competence of the nursing student is needed.