• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2005

The Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework was used to develop sustainability indicators for the Han River estuarine area. A total of 37 indicators in three categories were derived after reviewing previous studies. Some of these indicators were selected to assess the sustainability of the Han River estuary and its watershed. Some indicators provided contrasting information for judging the sustainability of the area. Even though very limited information was available for the meaningful assessment of the sustainability of the Han River estuarine area, there seems to be an appropriate base for the sustainable development of the area. Securing of reliable information seems to be the key for the indicators to produce meaningful assessment of the implementation of the sustainable development strategy for the Han River Estuary and its watershed. Integrated indices to synthesize the information provided by the sectoral indicators need to be developed to overcome the limitations of the sectoral indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2009

The goals of this study were to development Natural Ecosystem Value Assessment Model, to suggest the practical applicability of the Natural Ecosystem value assessment for development areas, and to assess natural ecosystem quantitatively using GIS. The Model can evaluate Natural Ecosystem Value between before and after land developments. To select indicators for the model, we conducted the literature reviews. and six indicators and the standard of evaluation had been developed through the expert interviews and literature reviews. the relative importance of the evaluation index throught two times expert questionnaires was found out. the Natural Ecosystem Value Assessment Model has been established, The results demonstrate that although the suggested six indicators are arranged by priority, to maintain quantitative and qualitative the natural ecosystem value, all indicators are desirable to be maintained complementarily. The findings of this study suggest that the natural ecosystem value assessment model appears to be effective an assessment for damaged natural environment value and possible to assign a score value. Also, this model can be applied to research areas and has implications to help maintain the natural ecosystem in land development districts.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2006

Saemangeum reclamation project was started in 1991 with the purpose of eco-friendly reclamation, but without clear definition of eco-friendliness. This study was carried out to find out the environmental indicators to define and evaluate the eco-friendliness of Saemangeum project. The methodology to identify the indicators included the analysis of similar reclamation projects, professional discussions, and Delphi survey. The eco-friendly indicators are theoretically based on the five elements of eco-friendliness; 1) resource consumption, 2) energy consumption, 3) pollution emission, 4) bio-diversity, 5) social amenity. The 69 indicators were explained in detail for the convenient use of the indicators by the potential users. The 69 indicators were classified into three categories such as pre-evaluation, process evaluation, and post-evaluation. In terms of spatial consideration, the 69 indicators were classified into two categories such as direct influence area and indirect influence area. Also the 69 indicators were classified into 7 categories: 1) sea, 2) lake, 3) agricultural land use, 4) industrial land use, 5) residential land use, 6) tourism land use, and 7) environmental land use. Twenty core indicators were selected from the 69 indicators by surveying the importance of each indicator. The core indicators are recommended in case of time and budget strain. When there are few quantitative data accumulated for the reclamation project, 5 macro indicators are recommended to be used. Macro indicators are qualitative in nature, and may be used in order to evaluate the overall eco-friendliness of a reclamation project.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.462-472
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• 2007

Purpose: Purpose of the this study is to define the hemodialysis noncompliance Indicators and discriminant standards levels for low Flux Hemodialysis patients and development of Hemodialysis noncompliance measurement - brief form. Method: Data was collected from 269 hemodialysis patients. To establish the hemodialysis noncompliance Indicators and to discriminate standards, 13 hemodialysis nurses and 2 nephrology doctors are participated in professional group. To verify the indicators and discriminant standards, data was ananlyzed by the canonical discriminant analysis method using by SAS 8.3 program. Result: 4 Indicators- interdialysis weight gain(IWG); average of recent 4weeks, serum phophate level, skipping of hemodialysis and hemodialysis time shortening without permission- of hemodialysis noncompliance are established and discriminant standards are developed. Discriminant ability of these 4 noncompliance indicators is 99.7%(p=.000). Hemodialysis noncompliance measurement - brief form has 96.3% discriminant accuracy. Conclusion: Hemodialysis noncompliant patients have high risks. It means that special intervention to noncompliance is needed. Also continuous and objective assessment and standards of noncompliance are needed.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.34-48
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop indicators for quality management of educational institutions, and to achieve this, literature analysis and expert interviews were conducted. Through literature analysis, the components of TQM were derived focusing on factors to improve the quality of education, engineering education accreditation standards, and a representative education accreditation system, were considered. Additionally, seven areas as well as 32 indicators required for education quality management, were derived by comparing the EFQM excellence model and the MBNQA education model, applied for quality management of companies and institutions. By comparing and synthesizing these results, a draft was developed for the quality management index of educational institution. Next, opinions on correction and supplementation of quality management indicators derived from literature analysis, were collected from five education experts. From the comparisons and integration of these results, eight criteria (leadership, strategy, customers, people, facilities and environment, curriculum management, curriculum improvement, and performance management) and 34 indicators, were proposed for quality management indicators for educational institutions. Curriculum management, people, and performance management criteria were considered more significantly in quality management of educational institutions, and several implications are suggested based on the study results.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1997

Nowadays, the environmental conservation has become a hot issue. Also the sustainable city issue is recognized as one of the most important tasks to be solved urgently for urban development. Therefore, the current indicator for sustainable city has been analyzed only as a segment of the environmental indicator which is one kind of branch of social indicator. However, considering the degree of pollution and heightened concern, it is time to develop a new and improved framework for the analysis of the sustainable city indicator. This study aims for the development of sustainable city indicator and the examination of practical method for the use of them. Urban sustainable city indicators are based on the "Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework" which has been adopted by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The indicators suggested in this study is composed of the following categories: 1. Indicators of natural environment itself, such as land structure (available land use index etc.), bio-species (bio-diversity index etc.), environment resources (water quantity index etc.) 2. Indicators of relationship between man and environment, such as sustainability of using material (recycle of water index etc.), pressure size (pressure index on air etc.), effort of prevention (environmental basic facility index, etc.) 3. Indicators of environmental state, such as landscape and culture (historical & cultural index etc.), environmental pollution (air pollution index etc.) A sustainable city environment is necessary and obtainable, yet its realization seems to be difficult. The urban pollution problems have become more serious than ever before thus requiring much interest. Therefore, this kind of study is meaningful for the establishment of policy objective, and the development and management environmentally sound and sustainable cities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate existing world economic science theories and concepts of sustainable development as well as create original system of criteria and indicators to assess potential and conditions for sustainable development from a regional perspective and based on the above justify proposals for public authorities to improve methods of economic regulation for regional development. To achieve the goal evolution process of existing theories and concepts of sustainable development and "green growth" have been studied in terms of its adaptation to the spatial development of Kazakhstan, comparative dynamics of natural resources consumption in the Asia-Pacific region and Kazakhstan were investigated as well. Methodology. World best theory and practice methods for assessment of the level of sustainable development of the country and some of its territories were also studied. We selected the best system of criteria and indicators for assessment of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems. Methods offered in this article are based on traditional and new factors of economic development and conditions for operation of regional systems. Indicators are chosen with a glance to basic goals for future development of regions in Kazakhstan. It is recommended to use two levels of methodology offered by author, namely national and regional, and at the local level later (districts, municipalities, cities). The results. Method offered by the author has been tested based on materials and statistics of regions in Kazakhstan. Suitability and usability of the proposed system of criteria and indicators for measuring of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems was proved. Based on this analysis it was found out that there are regions in Kazakhstan that differ from each other by most of key indicators of sustainable regional development and this tendency is increasing. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of this analysis, the authors have substantiated a number of proposals on methods of analysis to be used, improvement of methods of regional development, implementation of institutional reforms, as well as improvement of regional statistics. This article provides recommendations that can be successfully used in the management practices by public authorities to implement a new regional strategy focused on sustainable development in future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.671-678
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• 2015

When evaluating the feasibility of construction projects of large-scaled transportation facilities such as roads or railways based solely on the result of the economic analysis, less development indicators are politically reflected on the investment decision-making because regions whose socio-economic indicators are poor may be disadvantaged or underserved for the projects. Existing less development indicators, however, does not consider the transportation connectivity which indicates how effective the transportation networks are established for the transport of people and goods. In this study, travel time contour maps, travel distance and travel time between regions, and a route curvature were utilized to define new indices which reflect transportation connectivity on the less development indicators. When the new indices are applied, the existing rankings of under-developedness were changed, which means that transportation connectivity could effect on the political decision. In this study, we also suggested the necessity of considering the transportation connectivity when evaluating less development indicators, developed measures of inter-regional linkages, and performed the whole procedures of combining existing and new indices to evaluate the less development indicators.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.77-84
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the housing welfare indicators for evaluating housing welfare policies conducted by the Korean government. The contents of this research were as follows: as a phrase of setting up the development of housing welfare indicators, the scope of housing welfare and the direction of developing housing welfare indicators were settled. Second, as a phrase of drawing the housing welfare indicators, the indicators were categorized and selected. Third, as a phrase of applying the housing welfare indicators, the indicators in this research were quantified, and suggest the housing welfare from 2000 to 2005. As a result of this research, selected housing welfare indicators were settled as follows: the housing welfare indicators comprise 9 in the department of 'House', 4 in the department of 'Community', and 6 in the department of 'Policy Environment' (19 in total). Indicators were (1) Ratio of housing with Flush Toilets (2) Ratio of housing with Kitchen Sink (3) Ratio of housing with Bath facilities (4) Ratio of housing provided water supply (5) Ratio of housing supplied a sewage system (6) Floor Space per person (7) Number of persons per Room (8) PIR (9) RIR (10) Community Facilities Space per person (11) Urban Park Space per person (12) Journey to work (13) Crime Ratio (14) Number of Houses per 1,000 persons (15) Ratio of Substandard housing of the Minimum Housing Standard (16) Ratio of Irregular Dwelling Households (17) Ratio of Owner Occupant (18) Ratio of compulsory immigration (19) Ratio of Long-term Public Social Houses. The housing welfare indicators developed in this research will be used for the comprehensive assessment of the results of housing welfare policies and the establishment of housing policies as a basic material in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 1997

This study was designed to obtain basic data for development of evaluation tool which would be needed to measure the outcome of general quality nursing care of individual patient. The purpose of this study was to analyze and classify the outcome indicators of quality nursing care. The 29 articles of quality nursing care and outcome measures were selected coveniently, and analyzed to classify the outcome indicators of quality nursing care using open coding method. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Quality nursing care was defined as level of excellence of nursing care to achieve good patient outcome. 2. The 6 domains of which were health status, satisfaction, self care, patient progress and prognosis, and compliance were identified in outcome indicators of quality nursing care 3. Seven indicators of health status domain which were perceived health status, quality of life, well-being, daily activities, physical-physiological status, psychoemotional status, and social role functioning were identified. 4. Two indicators of satifaction domain which were patient satisfaction and family satisfaction were identified. 5. Three indicators of self care domain which were skill, knowledge, and home management were identified. 6. Seven indicators of patient progress and prognosis domain which were change of clinical status, resolution of nursing diagnosis and problem, days of stay, dicahrge state, recovery state, survival were identified. 7. compliance with therapeutic direction compliance was identified as an indicator of compliance domain. 8. It was sugested that studies for development of evaluation tools for outcomes of quality nursing the results of this study could be executed