• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2022

Current research intended to measure the spillovers of education and on-the-job training to enhance sustainable economic development. Consideration of research and development expenditures for on-the-job training expands the impact of education and, thus, may provide spillovers for Pakistan's economic growth. The primary focus of this research is to look at the combined impact of education and research and development spending as value-added variables for sustainable growth. The econometric study uses data from a variety of sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the Pakistan Economic Survey, and world development indices. The secondary annual time series data from 1976 to 2019 are analyzed. To adequately estimate the empirical model, ARDL has been used while the presence of the unit root has been tested using the ADF test. The findings show that education, research, and development all contribute to all-inclusive, sustainable economic growth. Labor and capital, among other traditional components, continue to be the backbone of the development process. Still, the spillover effect is much enhanced with the expansion in education and the on-job training in the form of research and development expenditures. Consequently, the introduction of research and development in education will lead to a sustainable and inclusive economy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 2005

The die development of the high-strength steel sheet has big difference on the formability compared with the general panels. Especially, the springback after stamping of the high-strength steel sheets shows big problem. In this study, for the die development of the high-strength steel sheets, write about examples reducing the lead time and the expense of the die development after CAD modification with the result of the springback analysis after finding the best design planning as several times stamping analysis.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2009

Preterm infants are frequently discharged from the hospital with growth retardation. Given the potentially lifelong effects of growth impairmnet during a critical time of development, considerable effort should be focused on improving growth after discharge. Growth monitoring must be based on regular measurements of weight, length, and head circumference to identify those preterm infants with poor growth that may need additional nutritional support. Although prior studies vary in design and the intervention used, the evidence supports the use of fortified formulas in formula-fed preterm infants after discharge. The situation for infants fed human milk is much less clear, it seems prudent to concentrate our efforts on the encouragement of breast-feeding in this population. Catch up growth may have many benefits, and may lead to improved development. However, its long-term metabolic consequences are currently unclear. Understanding the optimal means of providing nutrition after discharge is an ongoing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2004

Recently, life cycle and lead-time of products have been shortened with the demand of customers. Therefore, it is important to reduce time and cost at the step of manufacturing trial molds. In order to realize three dimensional shape on CAD, the machining process has been widely used because it offers practical advantages such as precision and versatility. However, traditional machining process spends a lot of time in cutting product and the remained material causes trouble such as inconvenience for clean. In this work, a new machining process using the hot tool has been proposed to overcome those limitations. In the process, the hot tool moves the predetermined path and the heat of the tool decomposes the remained material. In order to set up the process, the hot tool to satisfy requirements is designed and the material thermal properties are obtained using the DSC and TGA machine. The relationships between process parameters and thermal radius of the tool are obtained through experiment.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.212-221
• /
• 2003

In order to reduce the lead-time and cost, the technology of rapid prototyping (RP) has been widely used. A new rapid prototyping process, transfer-type variable lamination manufacturing process by using expandable polystyrene foam (VLM-ST), has been developed to reduce building time, apparatus cost and additional post-processing. At the same time, VLM Slicer, the CAD/CAM software for VLM-ST has been developed. In this study, algorithms for accuracy improvement of VLM-ST, which include offset and overrun of a cutting path and generation of a reference shape are developed. Offset algorithm improves cutting accuracy, overrun algorithm enables the VLM-ST process to make a shape of sharp edge and reference shape generation algorithm adds additional shape which makes off-line lamination easier. In addition, proposed algorithms are applied to practical CAD models for verification.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.23.2-23.2
• /
• 2010

Researches on the drying of particle/polymer suspensions receive attentions in technical applications such as manufacturing display and batteries. In this study, the effect of polymers on drying behavior of silica/poly(vinyl alcohol) suspension was investigated in terms of suspension stability and stress development during drying. The effect of polymer adsorption was studied by changing pH. More strongly flocculated suspension with lower pH became more dispersed and close-packed film after drying. Evaluation of potential energy allows us to suggest that the adsorbed polymers which bridge the particles introduce steric repulsion and lead flocculated suspension to dispersed film. When the effect of adsorption kinetics was studied by changing the mixing time, the adsorption amount, characteristic stress and dried film density showed a similar behavior in the form of with a single characteristic time. It implies that the drying process can be determined by simple characteristic equation with a single time constant.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2002

The product process is sequence of all the required activities that a company must perform to develop, and manufacture a product. These activities include marketing, research, engineering design, quality assurance, manufacturing, and a whole chain of suppliers and vendors. The process also comprises all strategic planning, capital investments, management decisions, and tasks necessary to create a new product. manufacturing processes must be created so that the product can be produced in the product facility Purchasing new equipment and training workers may be required if new technology is to be used. Tools, fixtures, and the sequence of steps in the manufacturing processes must all be developed to allow rapid, high-quality, cost effective production. Also, it may be needed to be rearrange the production facility to adapt to the new manufacturing processes. Therefore, this study tries to proposed that Scheduling by customer needs group for minimizing the problem and reducing inventory, product development time, cycle time, and order lead time.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2002

Automated manufacturing systems are applied to shop floors as tools for increase of productivity and quality and the decrease of manufacturing lead times and industry accidents. One of the most important issue of the present day is the application of Internet. The development of Internet technologies makes manufacturing enterprises break spacial barriers between users and shop floors, and collect various field data in remote sites. In this research, an Internet-based remote control system for a small-sized automated storage and retrieval system is developed for the purpose of real-time monitoring and control of automatic production equipment. The developed system has a client-server architecture and sends real-time images of the automated storage and retrieval system to clients by an CCD camera connected to a server.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2015

We examine the standalone lightning warning system (LWS) and its warning performances for three years. This system acquires and analyzes the data of cloud-to-ground strike (CG), intra-cloud discharge (IC) and electrostatic field (EF) to produce prior warnings with respect to the impending arrival of CG in the area of concern (AOC). The warnings in this system are carried out based on the fixed two areas method. To evaluate warning performances, we analyzed the statistics of warnings with probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR). Based on the previous study, we revised the trigger and clear conditions of lightning warning for improving the performances of the system. As a result of this revision, POD increased from 0.18 to 0.44 and FAR decreased from 0.96 to 0.78 during the summer of 2014. However, the LWS was not possible to trigger effective alerts (EA) because there was no effective lead time (LT) for the fixed two areas method. Problems related to the low detection efficiency of IC and the use of EF data for warnings still decreased POD and increased FAR. Hence, we proposed the development method of a new LWS (NLWS) that would be composed of integrated weather data, the flexible two areas and the user software in order to trigger EA and improve warning performances.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2022

This study evaluated the automated system of the roll bending process, which is one of the difficult processes. In the past, 20 cartridges were produced per hour. but Automation changed it to a process that produces 50 pieces per hour. The average value of production was 57.6 pieces per hour, error of repeatability was 0.03 mm, average roll diameter error value was 0.49 mm, average alignment error value was 0.09 mm and average process lead time was 43.21 seconds. This paper presented specific evaluation methods such as productivity, repeatability, defect rate, alignment defect rate, and process lead time. It is thought that the contents performed in this study will be helpful in the verification of other automation systems in the future.